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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much reduced hemoglobin causes clinical cyanosis?
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more than 5g of reduced hemoglobin causes cyanosis regardless of the overall concentration
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What are causes of hypoxemia from hypoventilation?
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airway obstruction, ventilator failure or disconnect, respiratory depression secondary to drugs, resp failure from paralysis
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What are causes of right to left intracardiac shunt?
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tetralogy of fallout, pulmonary stenosis with ASD, transposition of the great vessels, eisenmenger's syndrome
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Name come causes of V/Q mismatch(perfused but not ventilated)?
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decreased FRC or increased closing capacity, one lung ventilation, pan, severe bronchospasm
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What are examples of states that lead to a low cardiac output sufficient enough to cause hypoxia?
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high SVR, hypovolemia from blood loss, cardiogenic shock
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What is oxygen saturation?
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volume percent of oxygen attached to hemoglobin
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what is the alveolar gas equation?
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PAO2=[(Pbarometric-PH2O)FiO2]-PaCO2/0.8
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What are changes that happen during anesthesia that lead to increased V/Q mismatch and subsequent hypoxia?
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decreased FRC coupled with increased closing capacity leads to increased atelectasis, decreased pulm compliance and increased airway resistance; decreased lung and chest wall compliance; changes in diaphragmatic movement leads to more perfusion to dependent regions and more ventilation to nondependant regions
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Name some surgeries that are associated with increased risk of pneumothorax?
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mastectomy, radical neck dissection, nephrectomy
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