Bayne Apwh Chapter 33

Front 1

hegemony

Back 1

term used to describe the concept of dominance, usually militarily, by one country over others

Front 2

Cape to Cairo plan

Back 2

plan to complete railway to cross Africa south to north by rail. Promoted by Cecil Rhodes

Front 3

steam-powered gunboats

Back 3

Mode of transportation that allowed the British to infiltrate China and Africa

Front 4

maxim guns

Back 4

machine gun among the artillery providing the Europeans with an arsenal superior to the rest of the world

Front 5

submarine cables

Back 5

undersea cables to promote cross-country communication. First laid by the Anglo-French Telephone Company in 1850 across the English channel

Front 6

Sepoy Revolt

Back 6

1857 rebellion of Indian soldiers, joined by disgruntled local elites and unhappy peasants. British officers were slaughtered nearly driving the British out of India.

Front 7

VOC (Dutch East India Company)

Back 7

British controlled, established ports along coasts of India to garner and warehouse goods between Britain and East Asia including pepper, spices, Chinese silk and porcelain as well as coffee, tea, and opium

Front 8

Livingstone and Stanley

Back 8

Scottish missionary who scouted southern and central Africa

American journalist hunting for the "lost" Scottish missionary to produce a news story

Front 9

Boer War (South African War)

Back 9

1899-1902 - brutal conflict between whites and whites, in which white and black Africans died by the thousands. The Afrikaners were defeated and the British government had reconstituted the four Afrikaner colonies as provinces. Led to support of white privilege as an attempt for British to repair damage.

Front 10

Maoris

Back 10

indigenous peoples of New Zealand

Front 11

Panama Canal

Back 11

completed in 1914, enabled naval vessels to move rapidly between oceans while lowering the cost of trade

Front 12

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 12

added to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 stating the United States' right to intervene in the domestic affairs of nations within its hemisphere, if those nations were unable to maintain the necessary security to protect U.S. economic interests

Front 13

Cecil Rhodes

Back 13

He was prime minister of Cape Colony (1890–96) and organizer of the giant diamond-mining company De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. (1888)

Front 14

civilizing mission

Back 14

white man's burden - attitude taken on by Europeans and the U.S. in efforts to civilize and Christianize in Africa and the Philippines. Used as a cultural justification for colonialism and imperialism.

Front 15

Social Darwinism

Back 15

"survival of the fittest" logic used to justify imperialism as the inevitable results of "natural principles"

Front 16

breech-loading rifles

Back 16

firearm in which the bullet or shell is inserted or loaded at the rear of the barrel; the opposite of muzzle-loading

Front 17

Battle of Omdurman

Back 17

(Sept. 2, 1898), decisive military engagement in which Anglo-Egyptian forces, under Major General Sir Herbert Kitchener (later Lord Kitchener), defeated the forces of the Mahdist leader 'Abd Allah and thereby won Sudanese territory that the Mahdists had dominated since 1881

Front 18

BEIC (Brit. East India Co.)

Back 18

company allowing British control of India through mercantile activities. Established ports along the coast to garner and warehouse goods moving back and forth between Britain and East Asia; pepper, spices, Chinese silk, porcelain, coffee, tea, opium

Front 19

the Great Game

Back 19

spying, mapping, and exploration of lands previously uncharted in the hopes of gaining influence and intelligence in central Asia

Front 20

French Indochina

Back 20

comprised of the French colony of Cochin China and the French protectorates of Tonkin, Annam, Laos, and Cambodia (Cochin China, Tonkin, and Annam were later united to form Vietnam)

Front 21

Suez Canal

Back 21

large artificial canal in Egypt, west of the Sinai Peninsula

Front 22

Queen Lili'uokalani

Back 22

last reigning monarch of Hawaii forced to give up her thrown in 1898 when Hawaii was annexed by the U.S.

Front 23

Indian National Congress

Back 23

vocal, powerful organization against colonial policy founded based on the Enlightenment by elite Hindus and Muslims.

Front 24

Monroe Doctrine

Back 24

Document made in 1823 articulating the U.S. position that all of the Americas were a protectorate and throughout most of the nineteenth century the U.S. exercised informal control of the Americas

Front 25

Russo-Japanese War

Back 25

(1904-1905) war in which the Japanese defeated the Russians, gaining additional territory in Russian east Asia including major economic interests in Manchuria. Gained Japanese recognition as a major imperial power.