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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muhammad
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merchant and prophet who underwent a spiritual transformation that caused him to reject the polytheism of his ancestors and affirm his faith in one god, Allah
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Quaran
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compilation of the revelations that Muhammad had received and voiced written down by his followers
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Ka'ba
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Islamic shrine; a large black rock
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sharia
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Islamic law
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hijra
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"migration"
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Five Pillars of Islam
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1) acknowledgment that there is only one god and his prophet is Muhammad (2) the necessity of praying to Allah daily facing Mecca, (3) the observation of a month of prayer and fasting during Ramadan, (4) the obligation of almsgiving to the poor and destitute (5) the annual hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca and the sacred Ka'ba
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jihad
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"struggle"
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Umayyad
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first dynasty of the Muslim Caliphate, 660–750
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ulama
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religious officials
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qadis
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"judges"
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Shia
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Shias adhere to the teachings of Islamic prophet Muhammad, but unlike Sunnis, they follow the religious guidance of his family
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Sunni
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largest denomination of Islam considered to be the orthodox version
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Abbasid
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dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Muslim caliphates of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus
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dar al-Islam
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"the Islamic world"
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caliph
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head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'a
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Ibn Rushd/Averroes
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Andalusian-Arab philosopher, physician, and polymath: a master of philosophy, theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, astronomy, geography, mathematics, medicine, physics, psychology and science
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"Seal of the Prophets"
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title given to Muhammad by a verse in the Qur'an that is traditionally interpreted as meaning that he was the "last prophet"
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Arab
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ethnic term used to describe people based on geneological, linguistic, and political factors
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Islam
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monotheistic Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
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Sufism
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inner or mystical dimension of Islam
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