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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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demography
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the scientific study of population characteristics
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agricultural density
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the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
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agricultural revolution
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a significant change in agriculture that occurs when there are discoveries, inventions, or new technologies that change production
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arithmetic density
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the total number of people divided by total land area
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census
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a periodic count of the population
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crude birth rate (CBR)
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the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people
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crude death rate (CDR)
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the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people
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demographic transition
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a model used to explain the process of transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates
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dependency ratio
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the number of people who are too young or too old to work
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doubling time
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the number of years needed to double a population
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epidemiologic transition
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focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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epidemiology
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the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
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ecumene
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the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
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Industrial Revolution
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began in England in the late 18th century; a conjunction of major improvements in industrial technology
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infant mortality rate (IMR)
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the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births
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life expectancy
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the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
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medical revolution
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improved medical practices suddenly eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in LDCs and enabled more people to experience longer and healthier lives
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natural increase rate (NIR)
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the percentage by which a population grows in a year
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overpopulation
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excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration
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pandemic
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disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
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physiological density
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the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
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population pyramid
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a bar graph that shows a country's population by age and gender groups
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sex ratio
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the number of males per hundred females in a population
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total fertility rate (TFR)
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measures the number of births in a society
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zero population growth (ZPG)
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when the crude birth rate declines to the point where it equals the crude death rate; increase rate=0
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