Bayne Ap Hug Chapter 1

Front 1

map

Back 1

a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it

Front 2

cartography

Back 2

science of mapmaking

Front 3

scale

Back 3

the relation of a feature's size on a map and its actual size on Earth's surface

Front 4

geographic information system (GIS)

Back 4

a high-performance computer system that processes geographic data

Front 5

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Back 5

pinpoints location using signals from a group of satellites

Front 6

toponym

Back 6

the name given to a portion of Earth's surface

Front 7

site

Back 7

physical character of a place

Front 8

meridian

Back 8

an arc drawn between the North and South poles

Front 9

parallel

Back 9

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator

Front 10

longitude

Back 10

a numbering system that shows the location of each meridian

Front 11

prime meridian

Back 11

0 degrees longitude, passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

Front 12

latitude

Back 12

numbering system that indicates the location of parallels

Front 13

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)/Universal Time (UT)

Back 13

the time at the meridian designated in 1884

Front 14

International Date Line

Back 14

follows 180 degrees longitude

Front 15

region

Back 15

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

Front 16

cultural landscape

Back 16

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation

Front 17

regional studies

Back 17

cultural landscape approach

Front 18

vernacular region

Back 18

perceptual region

Front 19

culture

Back 19

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

Front 20

environmental determinism

Back 20

determining what issues were scientifically caused

Front 21

possibilism

Back 21

arguing that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people can adjust to their environment

Front 22

resources

Back 22

available sources of aid or wealth

Front 23

transnational corporations

Back 23

multinational corporations; leads globalization

Front 24

arithmetic density

Back 24

the total number of objects in an area

Front 25

physiological density

Back 25

the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture

Front 26

agricultural density

Back 26

the number of farmers per unit of area

Front 27

housing density

Back 27

the number of dwelling units per unit of area

Front 28

expansion diffusion

Back 28

the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process

Front 29

hierarchical diffusion

Back 29

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

Front 30

contagious diffusion

Back 30

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

Front 31

stimulus diffusion

Back 31

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

Front 32

uneven development

Back 32

the increasing gap in economic conditions

Front 33

concentration

Back 33

the extent of a feature's spread over space

Front 34

connections

Back 34

one of the five aspects concentrated on it thinking about the world

Front 35

cultural ecology

Back 35

the geographic study of human-environment relations

Front 36

density

Back 36

the frequency with which something occurs in space

Front 37

diffusion

Back 37

the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time

Front 38

distance decay

Back 38

the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact

Front 39

distribution

Back 39

the frequency of occurrence or the natural geographic range or place where any item or category of items occurs

Front 40

formal region

Back 40

an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

Front 41

functional region

Back 41

an area organized around a node or focal point

Front 42

globalization

Back 42

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

Front 43

hearth

Back 43

the place from which an innovation originates

Front 44

Land Ordinance of 1785

Back 44

divided much of the U.S. into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West

Front 45

location

Back 45

a determination of the place where something is

Front 46

mental map

Back 46

perceptual map in a person's mind; using vernacular regions

Front 47

pattern

Back 47

a model or original design

Front 48

place

Back 48

one of the five aspects concentrated on in thinking about the world

Front 49

polder

Back 49

an area of low-lying land that has been reclaimed from a body of water and is protected by dikes

Front 50

principal meridian

Back 50

the north-south line that runs through the initial point, otherwise known as a true meridian

Front 51

projection

Back 51

a system of intersecting lines, such as the grid of a map, on which part or all of the globe or another spherical surface is represented as a plane surface

Front 52

relocation diffusion

Back 52

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people

Front 53

remote sensing

Back 53

the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

Front 54

section

Back 54

divides a township

Front 55

situation

Back 55

manner in which an object is placed; location

Front 56

space

Back 56

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

Front 57

space-time compression

Back 57

the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

Front 58

township

Back 58

a square six miles on each side