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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate Defenses
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Natural "inborn" resistance to most pathogens
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Nonspecific defenses
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First Line: skin, mucous membranes, microbial antagonism
Second Line: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, signaling molecules |
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Lysozyme
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produced by tear ducts and destroys cell walls
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Microbial antagonism
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normal microbiota help protect the body by competing with potential pathogens
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Normal microbiota activities that make it hard for pathogens to compete
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secrete substances that limit growth, consume nutrients so they're unavailable to pathogens, change pH so environment is unfavorable, promote health by providing vitamins
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Second Line of defense
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operates when pathogens succeed through first line. They are composed of cells, antimicrobial chemicals, and processes but no physical barriers
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group of plasma proteins is called
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serum
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Cellular components of blood
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Erythrocytes (carry O2 and CO2 in blood), Platelets (involved in blood clotting), and Leukocytes (defend body against invaders)
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CBC
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signals signs of disease. increase in leukocytes (bacterial) and lymphocytes (viral)
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Phagocytosis
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phagocytes carry out chemotaxis, adherence,ingestion, digestion, and elimination
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Autoantigens
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Progect the body from phagocytosis
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Phagocytosis is tightly controlled in that...
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have receptors for only bacterial cell components and signaling molecules provide phagocytes with specific, targeted instructions
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Acute inflammation involves
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increased permeability of blood vessels, migration of phagocytes, and tissue repair
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Inflammation Response
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cut penetrates skin, damaged cells release signaling molecules, signaling molecules lead to vasodilation and permeable vessels, diapedesis, antimicrobials and clotting factors seep in, blood clots, more phagocytes migrate, damaged tissue repaired
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Pyrogens
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chemicals that trigger hypothalamus and increase body's temperature causing fever
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Fever purpose and benefits
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enhances effects of interferons, inhibits growth of some microbes, enhance performance of phagocytes cells of specific immunity and tissue repair
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IL-1
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pyrogen secreted by phagocytes
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Fever production
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IL-1 is secreted at wound, causes hypothalamus to reset body temp. initiates muscle contraction, constriction of blood vessels. decrease in IL-1 returns body to normal
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Nonspecific chemical defenses
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chemicals provide protection against foreign invaders. Complement System (cellular pathogens), Interferon System (viral pathogens)
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Complement System
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stimulates phagocytosis, promotes inflammation, membrane attack system for lysis
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Interferon System
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group of proteins released by cells to inhibit spread of viral infections; signal neighboring cells to produce AVP's
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AVP's
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block viral replication and slow the spread of infection
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