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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Midsystolic Murmurs (crescendo-decrescendo)
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-innocent
-physiologic -aortic stenosis -hypertrophic cardiomyopathy -pulmonary stenosis |
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Pansystolic Murmurs
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-mitral regurgitation
-tricuspid regurgition -VSD |
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Late Systolic Murmurs (crescendo)
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-mitral valve prolapse often with click
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Early diastolic (decrescendo)
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-aortic regurgitation
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Middiastolic and Presystolic
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-mitral stenosis--note opening snap
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PDA
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-harsh, machinery-like
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Pericardial friction rub
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-scratchy sound with 1-3 components
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Venous hum
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-continuous, above midclavicles
-loudest in diiastole |
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S1 accentuated
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-tachy
-states of high CO -mitral stenosis |
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S1 diminished
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-first degree heart block
-reduced left ventricular contractility immobile mitral valve |
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S2 accentuated in R 2nd ICS
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-systemic hypertension
-dilated aortic root |
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S2 diminished in R 2nd ICS
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-immobile aortic valve (calcific stenosis)
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P2 accentuated
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-pulmonary hypertension
-dilated pulmonary artery -ASD |
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P2 diminished
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-aging
-pulmonic stenosis |
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S3
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-volume overload to ventricular filling in mitral regurgitation or heart failure
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S4
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-excellent physical condition
-LVH -aortic stenosis -atrial contraction |
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S4
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-excellent physical condition
-LVH -aortic stenosis -atrial contraction |
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Arterial Insufficiency
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-located on toes, feet, or possible areas of trauma
-no callus or excess pigment -may be atrophic -pain severe, unless masked by neuropathy -possible gangrene -decreased pulses, trophic changes, pallor of foot on elevation, dusky rubor on dependency |
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency
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-located on inner or outer ankle
-pigmented, sometimes fibrotic -pain not severe -no gangrene -edema, pigmentation, stasis dermatitis, and possibly cyanosis of feet on dependency |
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Neuropathic Ulcer
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-located on pressure points in areas with diminished sensation, as in diabetic neuropathy
-skin calloused -no pain -usually no gangrene -absent ankle jerks |
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Chronic Arterial Insufficiency
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-intermittent claudication progressing to pain at rest
-decreased or absent pulses -pale on elevation, cool -possible ulceration on toes -potential gangrene |
