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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What position must the patient be in to get the Jugular Venous Pulse?
Pt reclines at 45 degree angle
What is the upper limit of normal for the Jugular Venous Pulse?
upper limit of normal is 4 cm above the sternal angle
Cyanosis can be due to what 4 conditions?
Heart failure
pulmonary edema
congenital heart disease
mitral stenosis
Corneal arcus is a sign of what?
hypercholesterolemia, which can be a sign of heart disease
xanthomas are a sign of what?
hyperlipidemia, which can be a sign of heart disease
splinter hemorrhages are a sign of what?
infective endocarditis
clubbing is a sign of what?
pulmonary heart disease
congenital heart disease
rarely, infective endocarditis
In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the apex?
Mitral
In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the lower left?
tricuspid
In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the upper left?
pulmonic
In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the upper right?
aortic
S1 is heard best where?
what makes the sound?
Apex
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
S2 is heard best where?
what makes the sound?
base of the heart
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
What can S3 indicate?
when is it pathologic?
May indicate: anemia
fever
pregnancy
thyrotoxicosis
It is pathologic after age 40
When is S4 pathologic?
what is it associated with?
Almost always
Associated with: hypertension
aortic stenosis
cardiomypathy
What sound does a mitral valve prolapse make?
mid-systolic click
What are 3 conditions are murmurs indicative of?
valve disease
increased flow through normal valve
abnormal communication between chambers
What are the 6 Grades of Murmurs?
1: faintest detectable
2: faint, readily detectable
3: Moderately loud
4: loud
5: very loud
6: extra loud, stethoscope off chest
What 3 ways can you describe murmurs?
blowing: (soft regurgitant)
rumbling (harsh, stenotic)
machine-like (constant, septal defects)