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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What position must the patient be in to get the Jugular Venous Pulse?
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Pt reclines at 45 degree angle
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What is the upper limit of normal for the Jugular Venous Pulse?
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upper limit of normal is 4 cm above the sternal angle
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Cyanosis can be due to what 4 conditions?
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Heart failure
pulmonary edema congenital heart disease mitral stenosis |
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Corneal arcus is a sign of what?
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hypercholesterolemia, which can be a sign of heart disease
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xanthomas are a sign of what?
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hyperlipidemia, which can be a sign of heart disease
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splinter hemorrhages are a sign of what?
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infective endocarditis
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clubbing is a sign of what?
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pulmonary heart disease
congenital heart disease rarely, infective endocarditis |
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In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the apex?
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Mitral
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In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the lower left?
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tricuspid
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In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the upper left?
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pulmonic
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In auscultation, what valve do you hear at the upper right?
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aortic
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S1 is heard best where?
what makes the sound? |
Apex
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves |
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S2 is heard best where?
what makes the sound? |
base of the heart
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves |
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What can S3 indicate?
when is it pathologic? |
May indicate: anemia
fever pregnancy thyrotoxicosis It is pathologic after age 40 |
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When is S4 pathologic?
what is it associated with? |
Almost always
Associated with: hypertension aortic stenosis cardiomypathy |
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What sound does a mitral valve prolapse make?
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mid-systolic click
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What are 3 conditions are murmurs indicative of?
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valve disease
increased flow through normal valve abnormal communication between chambers |
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What are the 6 Grades of Murmurs?
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1: faintest detectable
2: faint, readily detectable 3: Moderately loud 4: loud 5: very loud 6: extra loud, stethoscope off chest |
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What 3 ways can you describe murmurs?
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blowing: (soft regurgitant)
rumbling (harsh, stenotic) machine-like (constant, septal defects) |