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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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activity-exercise pattern
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refers to a person's routine of exercise, activity, leisure & recreation. It includes a:) ADL's that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, eating, shopping, working & home maintenance, and b) the type, quality, & quantity of exercise, including sports.
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mobility
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the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, & purposefully in the environment. It is an essential part of living. People must move to protect themselves from trauma & to meet their basic needs. It is vital to independence; a fully immobilized person is as vulnerable & dependant as an infant.
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contracture
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When a joint becomes fixed in a flexed position. When a person is inactive, the joints are pulled into a flexed (bent) position (because the flexor muscles are stronger than the extensor muscles). If this tendency isn't counteracted with exercise & position changes, the muscles permanently shorten & the joint becomes fixed in a flexed position (contracture).
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ROM
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range of motion; The ROM of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.
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physical activity
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bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure
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exercise
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a type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured & repititive bodily movement performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
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activity tolerance
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the type & amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects
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functional strength
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another goal of exercise, & defined as the ability of the body to perform work
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isotonic (dynamic) exercise
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those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction & active movement
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isometric (static or setting) exercises
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muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
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activity-exercise pattern
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refers to a person's routine of exercise, activity, leisure & recreation. It includes a:) ADL's that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, eating, shopping, working & home maintenance, and b) the type, quality, & quantity of exercise, including sports.
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mobility
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the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, & purposefully in the environment. It is an essential part of living. People must move to protect themselves from trauma & to meet their basic needs. It is vital to independence; a fully immobilized person is as vulnerable & dependant as an infant.
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contracture
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When a joint becomes fixed in a flexed position. When a person is inactive, the joints are pulled into a flexed (bent) position (because the flexor muscles are stronger than the extensor muscles). If this tendency isn't counteracted with exercise & position changes, the muscles permanently shorten & the joint becomes fixed in a flexed position (contracture).
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ROM
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range of motion; The ROM of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.
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physical activity
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bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure
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exercise
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a type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured & repititive bodily movement performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
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activity tolerance
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the type & amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects
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functional strength
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another goal of exercise, & defined as the ability of the body to perform work
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isotonic (dynamic) exercise
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those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction & active movement
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isometric (static or setting) exercises
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muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
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isokinetic (resistive) exercises
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involve muscle contraction or tension against resistance; thus, they can be either isotonic or isometric.
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aerobic exercise
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activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in the body is greater than that used to perform the activity
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anaerobic exercise
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involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, & anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time
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RR
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relaxation response; a healthful physiologic state that can be elicited through deep relaxation breathing with emphasis on a prolonged exhalation phase
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Physical activity
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Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure; any movement
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Exercise
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Subset of physical activity defined as any planned, structured & repetitive bodily movements
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7 benefits of activity/exercise
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1. Lower serum triglyceride levels
2. Lower b/p 3. Increase HDL 4. Enhancement of glucose tolerance & insulin sensitivity (use glucose in body more efficiently) 5. Decreased risk of several chronic diseases such as CAD, HTN, NIDDM, osteoporosis, colon cx, anxiety, depression 6. Increase joint flexibility & ROM 7. Increase bone density |
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Physical fitness
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Ability to perform moderate- vigorous levels of physical activity without undue fatigue & maintain that ability throughout lifetime
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4 Components of physical fitness
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1. Muscle strength & endurance
2. Cardio-respiratory fitness 3. Joint flexibility 4. Body composition |
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Muscle strength
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The amount of force a person can exert with the muscles against resistance
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Endurance
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The ability of the muscles to be used over a period of time without becoming fatigued
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Cardio-respiratory fitness
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Heart & lungs
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Joint flexibility
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The ability to use a muscle fully through it's maximum range of motion
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Body composition
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Recommended proportion of fat to lean body tissue
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How are the types of exercise grouped & name the types
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By type of contraction (isotonic, isometric & isokinetic) & by source of energy ( anaerobic & aerobic)
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Isotonic
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(dynamic); muscle tension is constant & the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction & movement. Increases muscle strength & endurance. Improves cardio-respiratory function. Heart rate & cardiac output rush to increase blood flow systemically
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Isometric
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(static or setting); increases muscle tension without changing the length of the muscle or moving the joint. Tighten up & relax. Helpful in maintaining strength of the quads, abs & glutes, which are used in ambulation. Involves alternatively tightening the muscle as hard as possible & then relaxing the muscle. Not useful in preventing joint contraction. Produces mod increase in hr & cardiac output, but no appreciable increase in blood flow to other parts of body elevates sys & dia b/p. Use of valsalva maneuver is essentially unavoidable, which could be detrimental. Have pt exhale while exercising to prevent. Don't hold breath.
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Isokinetic
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(resistive); combines both isotonic & isometric exercises. During exercise, the person moves against resistance. Used in physical conditioning to build up certain muscle groups
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Anaerobic exercise
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An activity in which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is insufficient to meet the body's need. Used to develop muscle tone & improve cardio-respiratory function. Ex) running up 3 flights of stairs
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Aerobic
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In which the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than or equal to the amount the body requires. It meets o2 demands. Improves cardio fitness. Ex) swimming & walking briskly
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Recommendations for developing & maintaining cardio-respiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults
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Frequency: 3-5 days a week
Intensity: 60-90% of max hr or 50-85% of max o2 uptake. 60% would be to be able to hold convo with labored breathing while exercising. Borg scale. Duration: 20-60mins of continuous or intermittent aerobic activity. Minimum of 10 min bouts. Duration is dependent on the intensity ( the lower the intensity, the longer the duration). Mode: any that uses large muscle groups, can be maintained continuously, & is rhythmical & aerobic in nature. Ex) walking, hiking, running, swimming, cycling, cross-country skiing, aerobic dance, rope skipping, rowing, stair climbing, skating, Resistance training, strength training of moderate intensity. One set of 8-12 reps(with weights/resistance) of 6-10 exercises that condition major muscle groups at least 2-3 days a week. Flexibility exercises should be incorporated into fitness program sufficient to develop & maintain ROM. Should stretch major muscle groups & be dine 2-3 days a week. Plus warm-up & cool down. |
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How to calculate target hr
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220 - age
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Physical activity recommendation for adults
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Accumulate 30 mins or more of moderate intensity phys activity on most or all days of week. Done in bouts of at least 10 mins. Ex) walking briskly (3-4 mph), cycling for pleasure (<10mph), golf (pulling the cart), fishing, standing/casting, general house cleaning, mowing lawn with power mower (not riding mower), house painting
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Special considerations to physical activity
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Anyone over 35 & sedentary should get medical consult before starting an exercise program
Elderly: at least 20 mins of aerobics every 42 hours at 60% intensity Appropriate clothing, drink adequate fluids, wait 11/2-2 1/2 hrs after eating Stop asap if chest pain or pressure, irregular heart beats, dizziness, light headed, fainting, blackout |
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Nursing responsibilities
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Counsel pts to adopt & maintain regular physical activity
NOT qualified to supervise or plan an intense exercise program |
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Mobility
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The ability to move freely in the environment
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Immobility
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Confined to a position, & 1 is unable to move or change positions independently. Can be partial (fractured limb) or complete (paralysis).
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Major reasons for immobility
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Severe pain (hurts too much to move it)
Impairment of musculoskeletal or nervous system (broken bone) Generalized weakness ( with really debilitating disease) Physcosocial problems ( depression, depressed ppl move slower) Infectious processes (generalized weakness/malaise from being sick) |
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Bedrest (BR )
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A dr will order bed rest if it is therapeutic for the client to decrease activity. Watch out for & intervene for bad effects. Only beneficial if client is comfortable & rested
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Benefits of BR
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Reduces the needs of the body cells for o2 b/c of reduced metabolism, secondary to reduced activity
Directs energy resources toward the healing process rather than toward activity Reduces pain in some instances, which lowers need for pain meeds/analgesics Prevent labor/miscarriage |
