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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Sarcoplasm refer to? |
The cytoplasm of muscle cells. |
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What is the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? |
Refers to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells; specialized for calcium ion sequestration. |
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What is the Sarcolemma? |
Refers to the muscle cell membrane and its external lamina. |
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The sarcoplasm consists of what two contractile proteins? |
Actin and Myosin |
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What do you call the increase in cell volume due to formation of new myofibrils and growth in diameter of individual muscle fibers? (Sometimes due to exercise) |
Hypertrophy |
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What are the 3 major types of muscle tissue? |
Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, and Smooth Muscle |
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What are the defining characteristics of skeletal muscle cells? |
Long, multinucleated, cross-striations; quick, forceful contractions that are usually under voluntary control |
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What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle cells?
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cross striations, elongated, branched; contraction is involuntary and rhythmic |
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What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle cells? |
Collections of fusiform cells, no striations; slow, involuntary and rhythmic |
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What are the 3 supportive layers that cover the skeletal muscle? Describe them. |
Epimysium - covers the entire muscle Perimysium- thin connective tissue layer; surrounds each fascicle(bundle of muscle fibers) Endomysium- thin, delicate layer of reticular fibers; surrounds external lamina of individual muscle fibers |
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What is the functional subunit of skeletal muscle contractile apparatus? Describe the appearance. |
Sarcomere; separated by Z discs and contain thick and thin filaments that overlap in certain region. |
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What are the 3 lines/bands that define a sarcomere? What kind of filaments do they contain. |
A bands- dark bands; contain thick and overlapping thin filaments I bands- light bands; contain thin filaments Z disc - dark transverse line that bisects I band |
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Each muscle fibers contains several parallel bundles known as? |
myofibrils; consist of end-to end repetitive arrangement of sarcomeres |
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Thick myofilaments are made of what protein? What do they bind? |
Myosin; Thick f binds actin to form a temporary bridge between thick and thin filaments. Myosin also binds ATP catalyzing energy release. |
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What are thin myofilaments made of? |
F-actin |
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Alpha-actinin performs what function in thin filaments? Tropomyosin forms filam |
It binds actin perpendicularly on the Z-disc. |
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Alpha actinin, tropomyosin, and troponin are all proteins associated with what muscular structure? |
Thin myofilaments |
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What are the 3 subunits of troponin? |
TnT- attaches to tropomyosin TnC- binds Ca+ TnI- regulates actin-myosin interaction |
