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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increased levels of perosixome, proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARy2) results in increased: |
adipose formation. PPARy2 is a stimulator of adipogenesis. |
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What transcription factor stimulates bone formation? |
Runt-related transcription factor (colonization factor antigen 1). |
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What transcription factor stimulates chondrogenesis? |
Sox 9 stimulates chondrogenesis. |
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What transcription factor stimulates myogenesis? |
Myocyte enhancer factor-2. |
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What transcription factor stimulates tendon/ligament development? |
Scleraxis stimulates tendon and ligament development. |
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What is the mechanism of anticoagulation of heparin? |
Heparin activates antithrombin III. Heparin binds AT III and causes a conformational change resulting in activation through increased flexibility of AT III reactive site loop. ATIII then deactivates thombin, factor Xa and other proteases that stimulate clotting. |
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Warfarin works by blocking the ____________ complex and therefore creates vitamin _____ deficiency. Vitamin _____ then cannot add a carboxyl group to glutamic acid residues on factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins _____ & _____. |
VKOOR complex Vitamin K deficiency Vitamin K can't carboxyate Proteins C and S. |
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Protein C and S promote clotting or bleeding? |
They promote anticoagulation. |
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What is the mechanism of action of ASA? |
Inhibits thromboxanes and prostaglandins through it's irreversible binding of COX enzyme (acetyl group covalently binds to serine residue on COX). Thomboxane is responsible for clotting via platelet aggregation and prostaglandins are responsible for transmission of pain signal and inflammation. |
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What is the reversal agent for heparin? |
Protamine sulfate
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What anticoagulant specifically targets factor Xa through ATIII? |
Fondaparinux. Decreased incidence of DVT in hip fracture and TKA when compared to enoxaparin, however, fonda has the highest bleeding risk. |
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Rovaroxaban is a direct factor ________ inhibitor |
Direct Factor Xa inhibtor (fonda still acts through ATIII). No reversal agent. |
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Describe the mechanis of action of tranexamic acid as an antifibrinolytic (promotes stabilization of clot formation). |
Normally, tPA binds plasminogen and converts it to plasmin and plasmin stimulates fibrinoylsis. TXA competitively inhibits plasminogen activation by binding the lysine binding site on plasminogen that would normally be bound by tPA. Therefore, plasminogen is not activated to plasmin, so there is no plasmin to promote fibrinolysis so blood clots are stabilized. |
