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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hb |
M: 13 - 18 g/dL F: 11.5 - 16 g/dL |
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MCV |
76 - 96 fL |
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Plt |
150 - 400 |
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WCC |
4 - 11 |
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pH |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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PaO2 |
10 - 13 kPa |
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PaCO2 |
4.7 - 6 kPa |
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Na |
135 - 145 mmol/l |
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K |
3.5 - 5 mmol/l |
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Anion gap Formula, normal range What it means, what ↑ means |
(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3) 14-18 mmol/l Conc. of unmeasured anions in plasma - mostly albumin ↑ = metab. alk. Caused by: ketoacidosis, uraemia, ↑lactate, toxins |
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Osmolarity Formula, normal range, what ↑ + ↓ mean |
2(Na + K) + Ur + Glucose 275-295 ↑ = more particles ↓ = less particles, more fluid |
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ALT / AST |
5 - 35 iu/L |
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ALP / GGT |
30 - 150 iu/L |
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Fasting glucose |
3.5 - 5.5 mmol/l
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Ca |
2.2 - 2.6 |
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fT4 |
10.2 - 22 pmol/l |
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TSH |
0.33 - 4.5 mU/l |
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fT3 |
3.2 - 6.5 pmol/l |
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Total prot |
60 - 80 g/l
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GHRH→ |
GHRH → GH → IGF1 |
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GnRH→ |
GnRH → LH + FSH → Oestradiol + progesterone or testosterone |
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TRH→ |
TRH → TSH + prolactin
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Dopamine→ |
↓prolactin |
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CRH→ |
CRH → ACTH → cortisol + aldosterone |
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Angiotensinogen→ |
angio I --(ACE)→ angio II→ aldosterone→ renin |
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Bacteria classification Staph coag +ve |
aureus G+ve cocci (clusters) |
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Bacteria classification Staph coag -ve |
epidermis G+ve cocci (clusters) |
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Bacteria classification Strep |
G+ve cocci (diplococci) |
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Bacteria classification Enterococcus |
G+ve cocci (chains) |
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Bacteria classification Actinomyces |
G +ve rods (actors go back in the closet) |
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Bacteria classification Baccillus |
G +ve rods (actors go back in the closet) |
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Bacteria classification Clostridium |
G +ve rods (actors go back in the closet) |
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Bacteria classification Listeria |
G +ve rods |
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Bacteria classification Diptheria |
G +ve rods |
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Bacteria classification Neisseria |
G -ve cocci |
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Bacteria classification Moraxella catarrhalis |
G -ve cocci |
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Bacteria classification Enterobacteriae |
G -ve rods |
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Bacteria classification H.influenza/ducreyi |
G -ve coccobaccilli |
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Bacteria classification Bordatella pertussis |
G -ve coccobaccilli |
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Bacteria classification Pseudomonas |
G -ve coccobaccilli |
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Bacteria classification Chlamydia |
G -ve coccobaccilli |
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Bacteria classification + disease caused
Trepnema pallidum |
G -ve spirochete Syphillis |
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Bacteria classification
Leptospirosis |
G -ve spirochete |
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Bacteria classification + disease caused
Borrelia |
G -ve spirochete Lyme disease |
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Primary hyperparathyroidism |
↑Ca, ↓PO4, ↑PTH, ↑ALP (↓PO4different from tertiary) Vit D Normal |
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
↓Ca, ↓PO4, ↑PTH, N/↑ALP Vit D Normal |
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Tertiary hyperparathyroidism |
↑Ca, ↑PO4, ↑PTH, ↑ALP (↑PO4 different from primary) Vit D Normal |
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Primary hypoparathyroidism |
↓Ca, ↑PO4, ↓PTH, ↓ALP Vit D Normal |
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Rickets / osteomalacia |
↓Ca, ↓PO4, ↑PTH, ↓vit D |
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Pagets |
↑ALP PTH, PO4, Ca, Vit D Normal |
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Osteoporosis |
PTH, PO4, Ca, Vit D, ALP Normal |
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Hypersensitivity reaction type I |
Immediate IgE Pre-existing Ab |
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Hypersensitivity reaction type II |
Ab reacts w/ cellular Ag NK, phagocyte, receptor activation block |
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Hypersensitivity reaction type III |
Ab reacts with soluble Ag Immune complex deposits in BVs Complement activation, cyto + chemokines, ↑BV permeability |
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Hypersensitivity reaction type IV |
Delayed T cell mediated |
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Salmonella typhi + paratyphi |
G -ve anaerobe rod |
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Klebsiella granulomatis |
G -ve rod |
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Trichomonas vaginalis |
Flagellated protozoa |
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Osmolality |
Paritcles / kg solvent MEASURED in lab |
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Osmolar gap |
Osmolality - osmolarity Normal <10 |
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Pseudohypoparathyroidism |
↓Ca, ↑PO4, ↑PTH, N ALP ↑ PO4 makes it different from 2 hyperparathy |
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Base excess in relation to acid/alk |
If alk + base excess is LOW then NOT MET If acid + base excess near 0 then NOT MET |
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Bulaemia
Acid/alk, urine |
Purging = ↓H+ → alkalosis
↓ H+ → ↓K+ ∵ ↑K+ uptake into cells (∵ same transporter) ∴ K+ reabsorbed in kidney ∴ H+ lost as exchanged for K+ in kidney ∴ PARADOXICAL ACIDURIA |
