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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agonist
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A medication that produces a desired response
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Antagonist
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A medication that has an opposing effect, or acts against another medication
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Brand Name
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A copyrighted name assigned by the company manufacturing the medication and is usually followed by the symbol r
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Caplet
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Is a tablet in the shape of a capsule. This shape makes it easier for the client to swallow
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Capsule
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A medication in powdered or pellet form enclosed in soluble, cylindrical gelatin-like material. May be used to delay the medications absorption over time or because the medication has a disagreeable taste
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Chemical name
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This describes the medications chemical composition
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dosage
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asdlkfjsalkfdj
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Enteric-coated
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the coating does not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine because the medication can irritate the stomach mucosa
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Generic name
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Is often similar to them chemical name and is assigned by the medications first manufacturer.
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inhalant
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inhaled or breathed in
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Injectible
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Given via needle
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medication
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Is a medicinal agent that modifies body functions. Medications also called drugs are used to prevent disease or pregnancy aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and restore or maintain bodily functions
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official name
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the name identified in the USP or NF or in Canada's Health Canada's publications
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oral
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administered by mouth
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paradoxical
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responses to medications the opposite of the desired response
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pharmacokinetics
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Actions of drugs side effects and treatments of overdose
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pharmacology
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aslkfdjlajdsf
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potentiating
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the actions of synergistic medications taken together are greater than if either medication were taken separately. The effects are multiplied
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prescription
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Medications order is a written formula for preparing and giving a medication
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sublingual
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On the tongue
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Tablet
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a compressed spherical form of a medication
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Topical
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applied to the skin or mucous membranes
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Trade name
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same as brand name
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transdermal
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applied to and absorbed through the skin
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translingual
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on the tongue
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transmucosal
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In this case a tablet or gel is placed between the check and gum and is adsorbed through the oral mucosa
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troche
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Which aids medicated table that dissolves in the mouth.
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DEA
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Drug Enforcement Agency regulates the manufacture prescription and distribution of psychoactive medications including narcotics depressants stimulants and hallucinogens
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DR
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Delayed release
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ER
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extended release
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FDA
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The US Food and Drug Administration operates under the enforcement of the us department of heath and human services
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IR
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Immediate release
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MDI
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Metered dose inhaler or a non aerosol powder inhaler (tubuhaler,diskus)
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NF
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National Formulary: these publications are fully revised every 5 years
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ODT
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Orally disintegrated tablet
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OTC
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Over the counter drugs
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PDR
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Physicians desk reference: is a published annually in the us with quarterly updates
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RPh
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Registered pharmacist is a health care professional who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications on the order of a licensed practitioner of medicine
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SR
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asdljfalskdjf
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TD
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transdermal medications are those designed to be absorbed thorough the skin
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TORB
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telephone order read back
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USD
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the United states dispensatory lists the official and unofficial names of medications
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USP
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sdlfjalsjdf
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VORB
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Verified and documented as
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You are preparing to give a client his medications. He is alert, oriented, and sitting up in bed. the client states that be is allergic to one of the medications you are planning to give. What action should you take?
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Notify the team leader or provider and do not give the medicaiton
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A controlled substance that is medically accepted and has potential for abuse as well as severe dependence is which category of schedule substances?
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2 or II
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Which of the following would the client have a right to request as a less expensive alternative to a prescription medication?
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Ibuprofen
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Which route of medication would have the most rapid onset?
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Intervenous
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The nurse is preparing to give medications to a client and is unfamiliar with a medication. The most appropriate action would be:
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Hold the medication until you look it up in a reference book
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Therapeutic dose
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Amount of medication required to obtain a desired effect in the majority of clients
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Minimal dose
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Smallest amount of drug necessary to achieve a therapeutic effect
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loading dose
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Larger than the usual continuing dose; may be given as the first dose of a newly prescribed medication
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Maximal dose
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Largest amount that can be given safely without causing an adverse reaction or toxic effect
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toxic dose
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Amount of medication that causes symptoms of poisoning or toxicity
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Lethal dose
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Amount of medication that will cause death
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T or F
A medications form, properties and desired effects determine its dosage and method of administration |
True
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T or F
A client usually does not experience an adverse or allergic reaction on first exposure to a medication. |
True
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T or F
A medication that has an opposing effect, or acts against another medication, called an agonist |
False
A medication that has an opposing effect, or acts against another medication is called an antagonist. A medication that produces a desired response is called agonist |
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T or F
Semisolid medications used for systemic purposes are designed to melt at body temperature. |
True
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T or F
A suppository is stored at room temperature |
False
A suppository is a medication in semisolid form that is not kept at room temperature; it is usually refrigerated to maintain its shape |
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A ____ or drug is a medicinal agent that modifies body functions
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Medication
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_____ is the science that deals with the origin,nature,chemistry, effects and uses of medications
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Pharmacology
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Liquid medications for topical use instillation's and ______
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Irrigations
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An oral ______ is a medicated tablet that dissolves in the mouth
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troche
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When medications are absorbed via the oral mucosa or ____ they bypass the gastrointestinal tract.
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Skin
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Computerized medication dispensing cabinet
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Dispenses and keeps records of controlled substances and other medications. Medications are only accessible with the entry of a person identification number (pin) assigned to each individual nurse. In this way there is a computerized record of each medication removed from the machine as well as the client for whom it was signed out the nurse the time and date and the amount of medication remaining
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What is the purpose of drug references?
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Drug references are valuable tools for learning about the classification,use,abuse desired actions,recommended dosage and adverse actions of medications. these books incorporate nursing considerations treatments of overdose and client and family teaching
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List three drug references commonly used by nurses
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1.Nursing Drug Reference
2.Handbook of Drugs for Nursing Practice 3.Nurses Drug Looseleaf |
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Which are the different routes of administration of a drug?
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1.Oral
2.topical 3.Inhalant 4.injectible 5.transdermal |
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What are the different modes of administration of semisolid medications?
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Semisolid administered
1.rectal 2.vaginal 3.urethral routes 4.topical |
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Who is a registered pharmacist?
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RPh is a health care professional who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications on the order of a licensed practitioner of medicine
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A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed a medication by the physician
a. What should the nurse know about the medication before administering it to the client? b. What details should the nurse know about the client before administering any medication to him? |
a. The nurse should know the generic and common trade name, classification, use , recommend dosage, desired effects, possible adverse or untoward effects, and route of administration of any medication administered
b. The nurse should ensure that the client does not have any allergy or previous adverse reaction to the medication. The nurse should obtain a detailed medication history of the client from this family and pharmacy. |
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A client admitted to the health care facility asks the nurse to administer the generic form of a medication prescribed to him.
a. What are the clients right related to administration of medication? b. What should the nurse do if the client refuses to take a medication? |
a. Clients have the right to request administration of the generic form of prescribed medications, if available , because they are often less expensive than their brand name counterparts. Clients have the right to know the name, action,and possible side effects of medications administered to them.
b. Client have the right to refuse medications, unless a court order gives a physician the right to administer medications without the clients consent. Clients may be given medications against their will if they are endangering themselves or others. |
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A nurse is required to know all about the medications that are being administered to the client. What should the nurse do if in doubt regarding a medication?
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The nurse should refer to the drug reference books. The facility units of most health care facilities contain a copy of the Physicians Desk Reference
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A nurse administer diuretics to a client. The diuretic should preferably be taken during which of the following times of day?
a. before dinner b.Just before bedtime c.in the afternoon d.in the morning |
The nurse should administer the diuretic to the client in the morning so that frequent voiding does not disrupt the clients sleep
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A client has been prescribed a metered dose inhaler. Which of the following is the advantage of using inhalers for administering medication to the client?
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It reduces systemic effects of the drug on the body.
Rationale: the advantages of a metered dose inhaler is that it reduces systemic effects on the body |
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A nurse who is administering a fat soluble medication to a female client understand s that women usually require smaller doses this medication than men. Which of the of the following is the cause for this difference in medication dosage?
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Women tend to be smaller in size.
Rationale: Women have less body fluid and more body fat. Increase in temperature causes an increased rate of absorption of most medications. |
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A nurse is assigned to administer medication to a client. Of the following routes of administration, which takes a longer time to be effective?
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Rectally administered medications
Rationale: They are absorbed more slowly than injections. Sublingual medications are usually absorbed quickly. Intramuscular and intravenous injections act more rapidly than oral medications |
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A nurse is required to administer a controlled drug to a client. the nurse is expected to document the use of the drug. Which of the following is recorded by the nurse on the form?
a. Time of administration b.reason for administering dose c. Medication name and dose d. Physicians Pin Number e. Signature of the licensed nurse |
Time of administration
Medication name and dose Signature of the licensed nurse |
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Which of the following actions can a nurse take with regard to a medication order for a client by the physician? Select all that apply
a. Make changes to the order b.Consuslt a nursing supervisor c.Question an order d.Execute the order as given e. Ignore the order if it is not legible |
Consult a nursing supervisor
Question an order Execute the order as given |
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A nurse working at a heath care facility is required to understand a prescription thoroughly before carrying out the order. Which of the following is a valid prescription?
a. a prescription that is 18 months old b.a prescription for a narcotic drug that is 1 year old c. a prescription that is written and signed by a physician d. a prescription that does not have a date on it |
c. A prescription that is written and signed by a physician
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During discharge teaching, the nurse informs the client to avoid keeping the bottle containing medication near a window. which of the following explanations should the nurse provide the client?
a.Heat increases the speed of absorption b.Exposure to light damages the medication c.the medication may become too thick to drink d.the medication may cause adverse side effects |
b.Exposure to light damages the medication
Rationale the nurse must instruct the client to avoid keeping medication bottles near a window to avoid damage due to exposure to sunlight |
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A client asks the nurse whether the medications that have been prescribed for him can be taken in a powderd form. which of the following types of medications should the nurse tell the client can be powdered and mixed with liquids or soft foods for oral administration?
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Immediate release tablets
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A nurse at the health care facility is in charge of the narcotic drugs cabinet. Which of the following should the nurse do when coming in for duty?
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Count the controlled drugs in the cabinet personally
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What is the controlled Substances act?
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This federally controlled act was passed in 1970. It is enforced by the DEA which regulates the the manufacture,prescription, and distribution of psychoactive medications including:
Narcotics depressants stimulants hallucinogens |
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What are the five controlled medication classifications and name them?
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1.Schedule 1- high potential for abuse no accepted medical use. Heroin,marijuana, LSD
2.Schedule 2 - High potential for abuse severe dependence liability. Narcotics,amphetamines and some barbiturates 3.Schedule 3 - Lower potential for abuse than schedule 2 drugs moderate dependence liability. Nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants 4.Schedule 4 - lower potential for abuse than schedule 3 drugs limited dependence liability. sedatives, anti anxiety agents, nonnarcotic analgesics 5.Schedule 5 - Limited potential for abuse primarily small amounts of narcotics (codeine) used as antitusssives and anti diarrheals |
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What is the proper procedure for monitoring schedule drugs in health care facility?
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ashfdasfdksa
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Name the five specific rights of clients as related to prescribed medications?
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right to know
1. name 2. action 3.side effects 4. refusal 5.generic form |
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Define what is meant by chemical, generic,official and trade names?
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1.Chemical describes the medications chemical composition.
2.Official is the name identified by USP or NF 3.Generic is often similar to the chemical name and is assigned by medications first manufacturer 4.Trade is the copy righted name assigned by the company manufacturing the medication |
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Describe at least 5 formats for oral medications?
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1.Syrup
2.under tongue absorbed through oral mucosa 3.therapeutic effect (gargled) 4.Swished and then expectorated 5.Swish and swallow 6.troche medication tablet that dissolves in mouth |
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List and describe at least 5 different routes of medication administration
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1.Injectable medications (TD) designed to be absorbed through the skin into the body.
2.Inhaled deliver medications topically to the area of desired effect 3.Semi solids are usually given by the rectal,vaginal or urethral routes. Systemic purposes designed to melt at body temperature and are absorbed through mucosa or skin 4.Solids are those given by mouth 5.Liquids are administered orally, parenterally(by some means other than the GI tract), or topically. |
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Discuss at least six factors that influence the dosage of any specific medication
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1.Age-
children cannot tolerate the same amount of medicationa as adults becasue of their smaller size and differenet metabolism. Older adults also may be unable to tolerate normal adult dosage because of the liver and kidney function 2. Gender Women usually have more body fat and tend to be smaller and men tend to have more body fluid. This effects are found in some medications that are fat soluble and more water soluble. 3. Weight relation to children and heavier clients need different doses 4.Clients Condition A disease nature and severity may influence the prescribed dosage of a medication 5.Disposition and Psychological State the clients personality and culture may affect the amount of medication he or she needs 6. Method of Administration Administration route affects the amount of time for the medication to enter the general circulation and become effective. 7.Distribution the body distributes some medications evenly to reach all cells other medications reach only certain body fluids or tissues 8. Environmental Factors Temperature may influence am medications speed of absorption 9. Time of Administration Time is an important factor 10. Elimination The body eliminates medications through urine,feces,breath,and perspiration |
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Apothecary System
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Prescribers seldom use this system today when ordering dosages of medications. However,some older medications such as aspirin or liquid medications such as laxatives are sill ordered using this system
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Household measurement system
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uses measurements such as a teaspoon cup pint quart and even medicine dropper
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Teaspoon tsp or t
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Volume 60 gtts
Metric Equivalent 5ml |
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Drop (gtt)
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Volume 15
Metric Equivalent 1ml |
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Minim (min,m,or mx)
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Volume 15-16
Metric Equivalent 1ml |
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Dram (dr)
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Volume 1
Metric Equivalent 4 ml |
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Ounce oz
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Volume 1
Metric Equivalent 30ml |
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Dram dr
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Volume 8
Metric Equivalent 1 oz |
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Pint pt
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Volume 16 oz
Metric Equivalent 500ml |
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Quart qt
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Volume 32 oz
Metric Equivalent 1000ml |
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Tablespoon T tbs or tbsp
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Volume 3 teaspoons
Metric Equivalent 15mL |
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Ounce oz
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Volume 2 tablespoons
Metric Equivalent 30mL |
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Cup C
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Volume 6 ounces
Metric Equivalent 180mL |
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Glass or Cup gl
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Volume 8 ounces
Metric Equivalent 240mL |
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Pint pt
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Volume 16 ounces
Metric Equivalent approx 500mL |
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Quart qt
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Volume 2 pints
Metric Equivalent 1000mL |
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Calibrated medication dropper
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can be used to accurately measure and administer small dosages of liquid medications
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Insulin syringe
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are used only for the accurate measurement and administration of insulin this is marked ]with units instead of ml or minims. u-100 which is equal to 1mL
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Medication spoon
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made especially for liquid medication
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Medication syringe
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Used for children special oral
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Medicine cup
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Its used to measure most liquid oral medications. cup holds up to 30ml or one ounce of liquid
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Meniscus
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The natural curve that the liquid makes when poured. It is measured at eye level
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Tuberculin syringe
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1mL syringe for use in measuring a small dosage of medication typically those less than 1mL, and for subcutaneous injections
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Drug order
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Should be received from the authorized prescriber in a written form. In the hospital seting , medications orders are written on the appropriate order form. DO NOT QUESS
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Medication administration record
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asdlkfjalkjfds
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Noc
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Night
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Q
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Every
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q.h.
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every hour
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b.i.d
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two times a day
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t.i.d
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three times a day
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q.i.d.
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four times a day
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a.c.
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before meals
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p.c.
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after meals
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p.r.n.
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as needed
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ad lib.
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as desired
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GT
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gastrostomy tube
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ID
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intradermal
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IM
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Intramuscular
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IVP
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intravenous push
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IVPB
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intravenous piggyback
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MDI
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metered dose inhaler
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NG
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nasogastric tube
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NJ
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nasojejunal tube
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O.D.
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right eye
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O.S.
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left eye
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O.U.
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both eyes
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PO
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by mouth
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PR
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per rectum
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SubQ
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subcutaneous
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SL
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sublingual
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susp
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suspension
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supp
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suppository
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tr, tinct
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tincture
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ung, oint
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ointment
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Sp
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spirit
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EC
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enteric coated
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CR
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controlled release
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SR
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sustained release
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SA
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sustained action
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LA
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long acting
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DS
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double strength
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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SS
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one half
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C
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with
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S
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without
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A
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before
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P
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after
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QD
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Daily
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QOD
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every other day
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HS
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half strength
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SC or SQ
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subcutaneous
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D/C
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discharge
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cc
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mL
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AD,AS,AU
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Right Ear, Left Ear, Both Ears
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MAR
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Medication administration record is the form that the nurse uses to document administration of medications.
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