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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the protein recommendation for a stable outpatient individual with ESRD? |
1.2g/kg |
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What are the diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes? |
Fasting: 100-125mg/dL A1C: 5.7-6.4% |
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If BUN is >=100 what should be done with protein? |
restriction |
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What is the average kcal recommendation in CKD? |
30-35 |
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Phosphorus recommendation? |
800-1000mg |
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Potassium recommendation? |
<=2,400mg or <=2.4g/day |
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Sodium recommendation? |
<2,400mg >=1L FOP=2000-4000MG <-1L FOP 2000MG |
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Fluid recommendation? |
>=1L fluid output=2L<1L fluid output=1.0-1.5Lanuria 1.0 L |
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2, 2, 1 stands for? |
2 grams Na, 2 grams K (2.4), 1 gram phosphorus |
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Which nutrient is more liberal in PD? |
potassium |
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Fluid is more liberal in ___________ dialysis |
peritoneal, due to the continuous cycling |
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What two nutrients are not restricted in pre-dialysis? |
Potassium and Phosphorus |
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What nutrient must be monitored in pre-dialysis? |
Na |
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What are some macronutrients of concern in CKD |
calories, protein, fluid |
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What are the major micronutrients of concern in CKD? |
Zn, Iron, Ca/D, water soluble vitamins + all vitamins (associated with restricted intakes especially of fruits and vegetables-Phos, K) |
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T or F: protein is increased in HD? |
True, it is increased to >=1,2g/kg |
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How many kcals in 1g of dextrose? |
3.4 kcals |
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What is the protein recommendation in earlier stakes of CKD (stages 1-2, and 3-4)? |
1-2: 0.8-1.4 3-4: 0.6-0.8 protein restriction may slow the progression of CKD. |
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What is the dose of Vitamin D recommended in COPD? |
800-1000 IU/d |
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What is the dose of Calcium recommended in COPD? |
1,200-1,500mg/day |
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how much protein is recommended in COPD? |
1.2-1.6g/kg |
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What are some nutrients of concern in COPD? |
Vitamin D, Calcium, antioxidants, iron, protein |
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Name 5 MNT recommendations to improve intakes in COPD? |
1. small, frequent meals
2. Eat meals in am when energy levels are highest 3. East to chew/prepare foods 4. Avoid foods that cause gas/bloating 5. Eating while sitting up to ease lung pressure Others: increase the presentation/palatability/social aspect of eating, avoid drinking liquids with meals to maximize intakes |
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What is typically limited in COPD? |
Na-edema can increase dyspnea |
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What are some anti-inflammatory diet recommendations that can be made for COPD? |
omega-3 fatty acids, increased fruits and vegetables |
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What is the sodium recommendation for HF? |
<=2g/day, may adjust 2000mg, 1000mg, or 500mg depending on the patient's individual medical condition |
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What is the recommendation for sodium according to practice guidelines? |
<2000mg (no more than 2400mg), even greater reductions to 1500mg and at least 1000mg has beneficial effects |
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What is the protein recommendation in CVD? |
1.12-1.37g/kg |
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What is the recommendation for saturated fat in CVD? |
no more than 5-6% of total calories |
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What diets are typically recommended in CVD? |
DASH, Mediterranena, AHA diet |
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What are some characteristics of the Med Diet? |
increased fruits/veg, fish? 2x week, moderate total fat, limited sat fat 9-10% calories, high fiber |
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Name three compoents of the AHA dietary guidelines |
1. Consume oily fish 2x weekly and fruits/veg daily 2. Limit sat fat <7% calories, trans <1% and cholesterol < 300mg 3. Moderate alcohol consumption |
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What are some nutrients of concern in CVD/CHF? |
Na, antioxidants (vitamin C, E), fats (trans, omegas, sat fat), K, thiamine, Mg |
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Diagnostic criteria for diabetes? |
A1c >=6.5% Fasting glucose: ?=126mg/dL OGTT: >=200mg/dL Patient with classic symptoms and random glucose >200mg/dL |
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Glycemic goals for adults (healthy)? |
A1C <7% Pre-prandial 80-130mg/dL Peak postprandial <180mg/dL |
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Glycemical goals for non-critically ill? |
140-180mg/dL <140mg/dL if good control PTA |
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Glycemic goals for critically ill? |
140mg/dL=180mg/dL 110-140mg/dL in certain groups (cardiac, neuro events) |
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Glycemic goals for elderly? |
Healthy A1c <7.5%-->90-130mg/dL Complex/Intermediate <8.0%-->90-150mg/dL Very Complex/Poor Health <8.5%-->100-180mg/dL |
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Diet recommendations from the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for cardiovascular risk. -describe the diet pattern generally recommended |
dietary pattern that emphasizes: fruits/vegetables, whole grains, low fat dairy, poultry/fish, nontropical vegetables oils, nuts |
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Diet recommendations from the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for cardiovascular risk. -What do the AHA recommendations limit? |
sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meats |
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Diet recommendations from the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for cardiovascular risk. -What three considerations should the AHA diet be adapted to meet? |
calorie requirements/personal and cultural preferences/comorbidities |
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Diet recommendations from the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for cardiovascular risk. -The best dietary patterns include? |
DASH, Meditteranean, AHA diet. |
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Diet recommendations from the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for cardiovascular risk. -What are two specific limits on fat? |
total saturated fat 5-6% of calories limit trans fat |
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What does Lecerf (2009) say about saturated fats and CHO? |
saturated fats should not be assessed for effects as a group. Different chain lengths exert different metabolic effects. Studies have shown varying effects of all types of fats and in combination. Studies have also questioned the efficacy of the low fat diet and high CHO intake is a primary cause of risk of CVD. |
