Basic Mendelian Genetics

Front 1

Monohybrid Cross

Back 1

a genetic cross between homozygous individuals but different alleles for a single gene locus of interest.

Front 2

Dihybrid Cross

Back 2

a genetic cross between individuals with different alleles for two gene loci of intrest

Front 3

Genotype

Back 3

1) entire set of genes in an organism

2) set of alleles that determines the expression of a particular characteristic or trait (phenotype)

Front 4

Phenotype

Back 4

1) physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organisms a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment

2) expression of a particular trait, (ex: skin color, hair, height, behavior), according to the individual's genetic makeup and environment.

Front 5

Principle of segregation (law of purity of gametes)

Back 5

a gamete may carry either the dominant or recessive factor but not both as we find in F1 individuals. this suggests that there is no blending of Mendelian factors in F1, but they stay together and only one is expressed. the gametes which are formed are always pure for a particular character. this is why it is called either as principal of segregation or law of purity of gametes.

Front 6

Principle of independent assortment (Mendel's second law)

Back 6

the two characteristics under consideration are assorting (give rise to different combination) in an independent manner. this principle is known as independent assortment.

Front 7

Law of Dominance

Back 7

out of the 2 alleles, the one which is able to express its self is the dominant allele while the other is the recessive allele. in the presence of recessive allele and dominant allele, only dominant allele will express itself

Front 8

Law of Alleles

Back 8

Mendel proposed that each genetic character is controlled by a pair of unit factor,now commonly called alleles or allelomorphic factor.

Front 9

Heredity

Back 9

traits or characteristics which are transmitted from generation and it is therefore fixed for a particular individual.

Front 10

Recombination

Back 10

the process or act of exchanges of genes between chromosomes, resulting in a different genetic combination and ultimately to the formation of unique gametes with chromosomes that are different from those in parents.

Front 11

Alleles

Back 11

one member of a pair (or any of the series) of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome (called locus) that controls the same trait

Front 12

Dominant

Back 12

1) (of or pertaining to) an allele or a gene that is expressed in an organisms phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present

2) (of or pertaining to) an organism that expresses the dominant gene (or allele)

Front 13

Recessive

Back 13

(genetics) of or pertaining to, a gene (or allele) whose phenotypic expression is masked by a dominant gene (or allele)

Front 14

Incomplete dominance

Back 14

a kind of dominance occurring in heterozygotes in which the dominant allele is only partially expressed, and usually resulting in an offspring with an intermediate phenotype

Front 15

Polygenic Dominance

Back 15

non-mendelian form of inheritance in which a particular trait is produced by the interaction os many genes. EX: height weight and skin color

Front 16

Sex linked inheritance

Back 16

trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome

Front 17

karyotype

Back 17

to arrange and classify the chromosome complement of an organism based on the number, size, shape, and other characteristics of the chromosome.

Front 18

P-Generation

Back 18

first fet of parents crossed in which their genotype is the base for producting the genotype of their offspring which in turn may be crossed (filial generation) the 'p' stands for parental.