Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is an otoscope and what does it vizualize?
|
-instrument used to examine the ear
-visualizes the eardrum |
|
|
What should the eardrum look like?
|
should always be intact,shiny,transparent & opaque or pearly gray
-should be slightly concave, free of lesions |
|
|
What is conductive hearing loss?
|
occurs due to something physically blocking the sound wave transmission
ex: pea, earwax |
|
|
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
|
occurs due to a defect in the cochlea, the eighth cranial nerve or the brain (hearing loss from loud noises)
|
|
|
What is Mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss
|
profound hearing loss
|
|
|
Explain the voice test for hearing.
|
stand approximately 1 to 2 feet away and whisper a sentence. Have the person repeat it back to you. Test one ear at a time (subjective)
|
|
|
Explain the watch test for hearing.
|
hold a ticking watch about 5 inches from the ear and ask if they can hear it. Test one ear at a time (subjective)
|
|
|
What is an audioscopy?
|
type of otoscope that allows hearing frequencies to be measured
|
|
|
What is a tuning fork hearing test?
|
use either a Weber or a Rhinne tuning fork to test hearing via vibration
|
|
|
What is external otitis?
|
A painful condition caused by irritating or infective agents coming in contact with the external ear
aka swimmers ear |
|
|
S/S of external otitis?
|
hearing loss,redness, swelling, tenderness of ear, feeling of stopped up ear, hearing, may have ear drainage
|
|
|
Txment for external otitis?
|
topical antibiotics, heat, steroids, analgesics
|
|
|
S/S of foreign bodies in external canal?
|
maybe able to see the foreign body, feeling of fullness, pain, itching, bleeding, hearing loss
|
|
|
Txment for foreign bodies in the ear canal?
|
*removal
–Irrigation-used for wax removal, not used for vegetable removal –Forceps –Insects should be dead first |
|
|
What is acute otitis media?
|
ear infection that happens suddenly and is of short duration
|
|
|
What is chronic otitis media?
|
ear infection that occurs as a result of acute otitis media and lasts longer. Causes more hearing loss
|
|
|
What is carbamazepine(Tegretol) used for r/t seizures?
|
used for the txment of partial & generalized tonic-clonic seizures
|
|
|
In what type of pts should carbamazepine (Tegretol) be given w/ caution?
|
in pts w/ impaired liver or renal function.
-Monitor throughout therapy |
|
|
What should carbamazepine (Tegretol) NOT be taken with?
|
grapefruit juice
|
|
|
Other general things to know about carbamazepine (Tegretol)?
|
-interacts w/ many other meds, check first
-taper off gradually-may cz status epilepticus otherwise -may cz bone marrow suppression: monitor labs -monitor therapeutic bld levels -may experience drowsiness initially:will get better w/ time -Don't take at same time as other liquid meds |
|
|
What is the therapeutic blood level of carbamazepine (Tegretol)?
|
4-12 mcg/mL
|
|
|
What is diazepam (Valium) used for?
|
used for status epilepticus
|
|
|
What does diazepam (Valium) elevate?
|
elevates the seizure threshold by depressing the CNS
|
|
|
In what type of pts should diazepam (Valium) be used cautiously?
|
use with caution in pts who already have a depressed CNS or who are taking other meds that decrease the CNS
|
|
|
If giving diazepam (Valium) IV, you should not...?
|
should not exceed 5 mg/min, should give in a large vein
|
|
|
What very important thing should be monitored when seizure pt is on diazepam (Valium)?
|
monitor for respiratory depression/hypotension
|
|
|
Other general things about diazepam (Valium)?
|
-Monitor therapeutic bld levels
-may cz drowsiness -gradually taper off -may be habit forming |
|
|
What are the therapeutic bld levels for diazepam (Valium)?
|
0.5-2 mcg/mL
|
|
|
What is lorazepam (Ativan) used for?
|
used for status epilepticus
|
|
|
If giving lorazepam (Ativan) IV should not exceed...?
|
don't exceed 2 mg/min
|
|
|
What important thing should be monitored for when pt taking lorazepam (Ativan)?
|
-monitor for respiratory depression/hypotension
|
|
|
Other general things about lorazepam (Ativan)?
|
-monitor therapeutic bld levels
-may cz drowsiness -gradually taper off |
|
|
Who should not take lorazepam (Ativan)?
|
pregnant women & should notify MD if becomes pregnant while on it
|
|
|
What is phenytoin (Dilantin) used for?
|
used for tonic-clonic, complex partial, cortical frontal seizures & status epilepticus.
|
|
|
If giving phenytoin (Dilantin) IV should not exceed...?
|
don't exceed 50 mg every 2-3 min. Should flush IV line w/ NS b4 & after administration.
|
|
|
What should you monitor for when administering pehnytoin (Dilantin)?
|
Monitor for CNS depression & circulatory collapse.
-Monitor for blood dyscrasias (CBC, platelet count, LFTs) |
|
|
What is therapeutic bld level of phenytoin (Dilantin)?
|
10-20 mcg/mL
|
|
|
What is important w/ phenytoin (Dilantin)?
|
good oral hygiene! czs gingival hyperplasia. Encourage regular dental visits, daily oral hygiene
|
|
|
What is valproic acid (Depakene) used for?
|
used w/ absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic seizures & as an adjunct therapy for other seizures.
|
|
|
If giving valproic acid (Depakene) IV, should infuse at rate no greater than?
|
3 mg/kg/min. Cannot be given w/ any other meds.
|
|
|
What may valproic acid (Depakene) cz?
|
May cz hepatotoxicity, bld dyscrasias-monitor LFT, CBC, platelet cnts
|
|
|
What should you monitor for when pt on valproic acid (Depakene)?
|
monitor for bruising r/t liver toxicity
|
|
|
Therapeutic bld level for valproic acid (Depakene)?
|
50-100 mcg/mL
|
