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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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if the ant, arch of the atlas is posterior to the vertical line this would be considered....
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posterior weight bearing
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pelvic anteriority is obtained by measuring from...
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1/4 inch below pubic symphasis to a point at the junction of the femur to the ischium
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what is the range of the normal sacral base angle?
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26-55
41 +/- 7.7 degrees (book) |
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the sacral measurement is obtained by (best answer)
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2nd sacral tubercle to the lateral portion of the sacrum
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the placement of the 9 dots on the x-ray film includes .....
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(sacrum)1st or 2nd sacral tubercle
(femur heads)highest tangent point at the top of the femur heads |
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what is the normal disc angulation on a lateral film?
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0-7
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in order to have a balanced lateral spine the anterior tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas should be directly over....
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the anterior of the sacral base
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leg deficiancy is determined by
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measuring from the top of the femur head to a point above the femur head
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the length of the spine is measured from (on lateral film)
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the atlas to the sacrum
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the units of measurement for the full spine A-P are in...
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millimeters
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used to determine TLD & TSA
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PA
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1/2 measurement added to vertebral measurement
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SA
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determined by 1/2 PA
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TSA
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may be functional or structural
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LD
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determined by 1/3 of PA
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TLD
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for every degree of sacral base angle change, you would have _______ millimeters of change at the atlas
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10.76
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t/f
the heart shadow should be on the right when marking an A-P full spine film |
False
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t/f
the full spine xray should face right when marking the film |
False
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t/f
off centering must be done to determine LD and TLD |
false
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the normal disc angulation on the lateral xray of the lumbar spine is 0-20 degrees
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false
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acute and highly transitional: found usually in children
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distortion #1
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primary & secondary rotary scoliosis
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distortion #2
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primary, secondary, and tertiary rotary scoliosis
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distortion #3
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pathognomonic sign: leg deficiancy on same side as sacro-iliac subluxation
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distortion #4
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paradox
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distortion #5
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due entirely to traumatic or structural leg deficiency
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distortion #6
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bilateral anterior/inferior sacral subluxation
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distortion #7
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ramrod spine
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distortion #8
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entire sacrum anterior; marked thoracic kyphosis
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distortion #9
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illustrates effect of wedging of L5
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distortion #10
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vertebrae in the spine
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24
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vertebrae in spinal cord
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26
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IVD in spine
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23
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IVD in the spinal cord
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24
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bones of the pelvis
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4
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greater sciatic notch has a ______ angle in women than in men
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larger
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3 parts of the innominate
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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articular surface of sacrum extends from ____ to ____ segment
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1st to 3rd
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bodies of sacral vertebra unite around what age
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20
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ligaments of the SI joint
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ant SI
interosseous SI post SI |
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ligaments attaching sacrum to ischium
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sacrosciatic ligament
*made up of sacrotuberous--psis to lower part of sacrum and upper part of coccyx & sacrospinous -- lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to spine of ischium |
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intrinsic muscle runs across ___ joint(s)
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1 joint
2 joints -- extrinsic |
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attaches to ant sacrum from ST ligament and inserts on post border of greater trochanter
- external rotator & abducts - extrinsic mm |
piriformis
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from ilium & lower part of sacrum & inserts on fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur
-rotates thigh & fixes the bone |
gluteus maximus
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from spine of ischium and SS ligament and inserts on coccyx and lower sacrum
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coccygeus mm
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from TPs of lumbars and inserts on lesser trochanter
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psoas major
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from sides of 12th thoracic and IVD and inserts to pectin pubis and iliopectineal eminence
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psoas minor
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• From iliac fossa, inner lip of iliac crest, ventral SI and iliolumbar ligaments and upper surface of lateral part of sacrum and inserts on lesser trochanter
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iliacus
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longest mm of the body
from ASIS and inserts at pes anserine extrinsic mm |
sartorious
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interspinous line runs from..
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ASIS to PSIS
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when the head is rotated (if no subluxations) the head should drop how far
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2mm
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tests for piriformis dysfxn
weakness in resisted abduction and external rotation |
pace sign
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tests for piriformis dysfxn
With the patient lying painful side up, the leg is flexed, with the knee resting on the table, buttock pain is produced when the patient lies and holds the knee off the table |
beatty sign
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only mm attached to anterior side of the sacrum
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piriformis
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cumulative thinning of discs can amount to (in a day)
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2 cm
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nutation
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When sacrum rotates, the promontory moves inferiorly and anteriorly while apex of sacrum and tip of coccyx move posteriorly and superiorly
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o Eccentric Rotation
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Innominate bone rotates in a counterclockwise direction, in which the PSIS of ilium moves posterior
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o Concentric Rotation
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Ilium on opposite side of sacral subluxation, will rotate clockwise, in which the PSIS of ilium moves anterior
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o Acute Unilateral Anterior-Inferiority of the Sacrum
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Degree is limited to 1/8 of an inch
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o Ferguson’s Angle
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Average is 40’’
To see the sacral base angle view, use Ferguson’s angle For every 5, move tube 1’’ closer to patient |
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if the anterior arch of the atlas is posterior to the verticle line this would be considered:
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post weight bearing
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PA is obtained by measuring from
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1/4 inch below pubic symphasis to a point at the junction of the femur to the ischium
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what is normal sacral base angle
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26-55
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the sacral measurement is obtained by (best answer)
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2nd sacral tubercle to the lateral portion of the sacrum
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