Basic Cards For Gepn Pharm3 Exam

Front 1

Opioids MOA

Back 1

1. Bind to and activate opioid receptors
2. Block transmission of pain signal
3. Raise pain threshold

Front 2

If the Opioid Receptor is MU, the effect is...

Back 2

analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, ++sedation, decreased motility, nausea, confusion, urinary retention

Front 3

If the Opioid Receptor is KAPPA, the effect is...

Back 3

analgesia, ++++sedation, miosis

Front 4

If the Opioid Receptor is SIGMA, the effect is...

Back 4

dysphoria, psychomotor stimulation, tachycardia

Front 5

If the Opioid Receptor is DELTA, the effect is...

Back 5

endogenous analgesia

Front 6

Pure Agonists

Back 6

Bind to and activate MU and KAPPA receptors

Front 7

Partial Agonists

Back 7

Bind to parts of MU receptors causing less pronounced effects than the pure agaonists + ceiling effect

Front 8

Mixed Agonist/Antagonist

Back 8

Act as pure agonist at KAPPA receptors and antagonists at MU receptors + ceiling effect

Front 9

Pure Antagonists

Back 9

Bind to and block effects at KAPPA and MU receptors

Front 10

Opioids are metabolized in the...

Back 10

LIVER, so watch for patients with renal failure

Front 11

Opioids are excreted by the...

Back 11

KIDNEYS

Front 12

Meperidine

Back 12

~Less potent than morphine
~Don't give with MAOIs = severe HTN/HypoTN, coma, seizures, cardiac collapse

Front 13

Caution! Opioids may interfere with...

Back 13

CNS evaluation and cause increased ICP!

Front 14

If sedation occurs with Opioids...

Back 14

Decrease the Dose and Increase the Frequency

Front 15

Common causes of Analgesic Failure

Back 15

1. Practitioner failure to correctly assess pain
2. Inadequate dose
3. Practitioners too worried about dependence

Front 16

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
MOA

Back 16

Binds to viral DNA reverse transcriptase to inhibit viral replication

Front 17

AZT (NRTI) Caution

Back 17

Bone Marrow Supression

Front 18

ABACAVIR Caution

Back 18

Hypersensitivity - may be fatal

Front 19

NRTI adverse effects

Back 19

N/V/D, pacreatitis, Lactic Acidosis, Peripheral Neuropathy

Front 20

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
MOA

Back 20

Binds to reverse transcriptase preventing the conversion of RNA to DNA

Front 21

NNRTI Caution

Back 21

Many drug interactions

Front 22

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
MOA

Back 22

Inhibits HIV Protease necessary for cleaving HIV proteins to form infectious new virions

Front 23

PI Caution

Back 23

Extensive food and drug interactions, Ritnavir most potent reactions

Front 24

PI adverse effects

Back 24

Many pills, N/V/D, Hyperglycemia, lipid abnormalities and lipodystrophy

Front 25

Ritnavir special considerations

Back 25

1. Rarely used alone
2. COmbined with other agents to be a pharmacokinetic booster
3. May help remove food restrictions or decrease dose of other meds

Front 26

Amphotericin B (antifungal)
MOA

Back 26

Binds to sterols in fungal cell membranes and increases permeability of membrane causing leakage

Front 27

Amphotericin B adverse effects

Back 27

shaking chills, N/V, fever, headache, myalgia, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, phlebitis, anemia, anaphylaxis

Front 28

Amphotericin B special precaution

Back 28

Use only with Dextrose in IV and not more than .1mg/ml

Front 29

"Nazole" Antifungals
MOA

Back 29

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, increase membrane permeability causing leakage

Front 30

Special considerations with Fluconazole and Ketoconazole antifungals

Back 30

FLUC: serious candidal infections like UTI, peritonitis, pneumonia
KETO: extensive drug interactions

Front 31

Antiviral
MOA

Back 31

Inhibit DNA synthesis or replication

Front 32

Foscarnet (antiviral) MOA

Back 32

inhibits viral replication by binding to DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptase

Front 33

Protese Inhibitor drugs end in...

Back 33

"navir"

Front 34

Antiviral drugs end in...

Back 34

"clovir"

Front 35

Antifungal drugs end in...

Back 35

"nazole"

Front 36

Antacid (Mylanta Maalox)
MOA

Back 36

Neutralize gastric acid

Front 37

Histamine Receptor Antagonist (H2As)
MOA

Back 37

Blocks histamine Release, Ach, and gastrin

Front 38

Histamine Receptor Antagonist (H2A) Caution

Back 38

Not for children under 16

Front 39

SUCRALFATE
MOA

Back 39

coats ulcers and absorbs bile salts and pepsins

Front 40

SUCRALFATE special notes

Back 40

Has metallic taste
Antacids prevent drug from binding (seperate)
Decreases effects of vitamins

Front 41

Misoprostol
MOA

Back 41

increases gastric mucous and bicarbonate secretion; inhibits acid secretion

Front 42

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
MOA

Back 42

Irreversibly inhibits HKATPAse enzyme system in parietal cells

Front 43

Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
MOA

Back 43

Irreversibly inhibits HKATPAse enzyme system in parietal cells

Front 44

Alginic Acid
MOA

Back 44

Provides mechanical barrier to reflux, coats esophagus

Front 45

Bethanechol

Back 45

Increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal clearance

Front 46

Metoclopramide

Back 46

Increases gastric emptying and LES pressure