Basic Anatomy And Physiology - Skeletal

Front 1

function of the skeleton

Back 1

support
movement
protection of organs
storage of calcium and fat
production of blood cells

Front 2

What is bone made of?

Back 2

calcium salts, collagen, cells

Front 3

- the name of a bone cell
- embedded in a hard substance called matrix
- looks like chocolate chips in a chocolate chip cookie

Back 3

osteocyte

Front 4

- hard substance of bone tissue
- like the cookie
- contains calcium salts and collagen fibers
- a storage location for calcium

Back 4

bone matrix

Front 5

2 molecules that comprise bone matrix and their function

Back 5

- calcium salts: gives strength and hardness
- collagen fibers: gives flexibility

Front 6

2 types of bone tissue

Back 6

compact bone
spongy bone

Front 7

- bone tissue is arranged in circular layers around a blood vessel
- looks like several slices of onion

Back 7

compact bone

Front 8

- bone tissue looks like a sponge
- has many holes
- blood vessels are located in these holes

Back 8

spongy bone

Front 9

types of bone

Back 9

flat bone
long bone

Front 10

the compact and sponge bone are arranged like a sandwich

Back 10

flat bone

Front 11

- the compact bone is on the outside and the spongy bone is on the inside
- its inntermost part is hollow

Back 11

long bone

Front 12

where bone marrow is stored

Back 12

marrow cavity

Front 13

2 types of bone marrow

Back 13

red
yellow

Front 14

makes blood cells

Back 14

red bone marrow

Front 15

stores fat

Back 15

yellow bone marrow

Front 16

- a hormone made in the thyroid gland
- causes bone to take calcium out of the blood and store it in the bone matrix

Back 16

calcitonin

Front 17

- a hormone made in the parathyroid gland
- causes bone to release calcium into the blood

Back 17

PTH

Front 18

- a disorder where your bones are weak due to a lack of calcium
- makes it easier for bones to break
- the recommended amount of calcium and regular exercise are helpful

Back 18

osteoporosis

Front 19

a molecule you need for strong bones

Back 19

calcium

Front 20

accessory structures associated with bone

Back 20

cartilage
ligament
tendon
joint (articulation)

Front 21

- more flexible than bone
- found in areas where bones connect (knee or elbow) and that need some support but require more flexibility for movement (ear or nose)
- made of cells, collagen fibers, and matrix

Back 21

cartilage

Front 22

the role of cartilage in the skeletal system

Back 22

movement and flexibility

Front 23

- connective tissue that connects bones to one another
- comprised of collagen and some elastin fibers

Back 23

ligaments

Front 24

the strands of connective tissue that connect bones to muscles

Back 24

tendons

Front 25

difference bt. ligaments and tendons

Back 25

- ligaments: connect bones to one another
- tendons: connect bones to muscles

Front 26

- the place where two or more bones come together
- classified according to the amount of movement they provide at their location

Back 26

joint (articulation)

Front 27

- joints where there is little or no movement bt. bones
- most commonly found in the skull

Back 27

suture joints

Front 28

joints where there is some movement bt. bones (such as in the spine)

Back 28

slightly moveable joints

Front 29

- allows a great deal of movement bt. bones
- has a special type of space called the synovial cavity bt. the bones

Back 29

synovial joints

Front 30

a fluid which acts as a cushion for the bones when the joint is moved

Back 30

synovial fluid

Front 31

- a painful condition when synovial joints become worn
- most common in people over 60 yrs old

Back 31

osteoarthritis

Front 32

- a painful condition when extra synovial fluid builds up in the synovial cavity
- an autoimmune disorder caused by an attack of the body defenses on the joint tissue causing inflammation
- can occur at any age
- can be relieved (but not cured) by using anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin

Back 32

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 33

- happens because the body mistakenly makes chemicals that identify it as "foreign"
- defense against self

Back 33

autoimmune disorder

Front 34

If you have an inflammation, what is happening in your body?

Back 34

swelling and accumulation of fluid

Front 35

3 basic parts of the skeleton

Back 35

skull
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton

Front 36

bones surrounding the head

Back 36

skull

Front 37

bones that support the main axis or trunk of the body

Back 37

axial skeleton

Front 38

bones of the arms and legs, and the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton

Back 38

appendicular skeleton

Front 39

bones in the skull

Back 39

- frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
- maxilla, mandible
- zygomatic

Front 40

covers the front of your head (forehead)

Back 40

frontal bone

Front 41

located at the side of the head

Back 41

temporal bones

Front 42

just behind the temporal bone

Back 42

parietal bones

Front 43

located at the back of the head

Back 43

occipital bone

Front 44

- form the upper jaw

Back 44

maxillae

Front 45

forms the lower jaw below your moth

Back 45

mandible

Front 46

- under your eyes
- also called the cheekbones

Back 46

zygomatic bones

Front 47

bones in the axial skeleton

Back 47

vertebrae
sternum, ribs

Front 48

- backbone or spine that supports the trunk
- consists of 33 bones

Back 48

vertebrae

Front 49

names of vertebrae

Back 49

cervical vertebrae (7)
thoracic vertebrae (12)
lumbar vertebrae (5)
sacrum (5 fused)
coccyx (4 fused)

Front 50

breastbone in the middle of the chest

Back 50

sternum

Front 51

12 pairs of bones that protect the heart and lungs

Back 51

ribs

Front 52

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

Back 52

cartilage

Front 53

bones of the arm and shoulder

Back 53

- clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade)
- humerus (upper arm), radius, ulna
- 8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals (hand), 14 phanlanges (finger bones)

Front 54

bones of the pelvis and leg

Back 54

- hip bones (ilium, pubis, ischium)
- femur (upper leg), patella (kneecap), tibia, fibula
- 7 tarsals (ankle), 5 metatarsals (foot), 14 phanlanges (toe bones)

Front 55

- a break in a bone
- usually heals quite easily because of the good blood supply to the bones

Back 55

fracture

Front 56

occurs when a bone is moved out of its normal position within a joint

Back 56

dislocation