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270 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Miscible |
Liquids are mutually soluble |
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Immiscible |
Not mutually soluble |
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Emulsify |
Mixtures of two or more immiscible substances United with an emulsifier. Stay together for a while but separates over time. |
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PH of skin |
5.5 |
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Macronutrients |
-proteins -carbs -fats (lipids) |
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Carbs (macronutrients) |
-Glycosaminoglycans (skin hydration) -energy (glucose) -mono (simple sugars) -di (starch- complex carbs) -poly (fiber- soluble/insoluble) |
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Micronutrients |
-vitamins- fat soluble (liver) A, D, E, K. water soluble- B, C, P -minerals -trace minerals |
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Fifth cranial nerve (trifacial) |
chief SENSORY nerve of the face and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing - ophthalmic nerve - mandibular nerve - maxillary nerve |
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Seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve) |
Chief MOTOR nerve of the face. Near the lowest part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck |
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Eleventh cranial nerve (accessory nerve) |
Type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles. |
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The integumentary system |
Made up of skin and its various accessory organs (oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails) |
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Aseptic procedures |
The process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination. |
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Bleach |
5.25% sodium hypochlorite |
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Chelating soaps |
Work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, masks |
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Two types of disinfectants used in a salon or spa |
-tuberculocidal -hospital strength |
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Decontamination |
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials |
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Efficacy |
The ability to provide an effect |
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Bioburden |
The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on the surface of an object. |
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Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds) |
Disinfectants that are very effective when used properly. Advanced type called multiple quats. |
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Phenolic disinfectants |
Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. Form of formaldehyde, high PH, can damage skin and eyes. |
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Disinfection |
Using a chemical that kills most microorganisms on hard, non porous surfaces. |
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Immunity |
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection |
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Natural immunity |
Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living |
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Acquired immunity |
Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (vaccines), or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed. |
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Local infection (pimple/abscess) |
Confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. |
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General infection |
Infection carried to different parts of the body |
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Contagious disease (communicable disease) |
When a disease spreads from one person to another. (common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis, viral infections, natural nail, toe, or foot infections. |
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Virus |
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism. They can only live and reproduce by taking over other cells and becoming part of them. |
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Fungi |
Microscopic plant parasites that include molds, mildew, and yeasts (ringworm) |
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Motile |
(motility) denotes certain bacterias ability to independently move about. |
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Mildew |
A fungus that affects plants or grows on an inanimate object but does not cause human infections |
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Dermatophytes |
The fungi that cause skin, nail, and hair infections |
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Tinea pedis |
(ringworm) fungus of the foot or athletes foot, and onychomycosis (a nail infection), tinea corporis (ringworm) |
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Ruddy |
Skin that is red, wind burned, or affected by rosacea |
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Sallow |
Skin that has a yellowish hue |
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Vesicles (blisters) contain |
Clear, watery fluid |
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Pus is most likely to be found in |
Pustules |
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The duct of oil glands empty into the |
Hair follicle |
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The function of sebum is to |
Lubricate the skin or keep it moist |
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The sebaceous oil glands secrete |
Oil (sebum) |
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Melanin protects skin from the harmful action of |
Ultraviolet rays |
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Continued pressure and friction on the skin will cause area to become |
Callused |
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Following the removal of blackheads, apply the following to the skin |
An antiseptic |
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Dry skin is caused by |
Lack of sebum |
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Acne is a disorder of the sebaceous glands, it requires |
Medical attention |
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For dry skin, avoid using lotions that have a large percentage of |
Alcohol |
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Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much |
Oil |
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Hardened darkened sebum in blocked follicles form |
Blackheads (comedones) |
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Milia is a common skin disorder that often occurs in skin texture that is |
Fine |
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Draping for a facial or makeup (to cover hair) should include |
Clean towel or headband or turban |
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Cheek color should coordinate with |
Lip color |
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The wax strip is removed in what direction? |
Opposite of hair growth |
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To remove blackheads use |
A comedone extractor |
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Inflammation of the skin of a chronic nature, cause unknown |
Eczema |
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To lubricate the skin while giving a facial use |
Emollient cream |
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Do not expose the face and neck to infrared rays for more than |
5 mins |
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For normal skin, the recommendation for facials is |
Once per week |
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When coloring eyebrows or eyelashes, apply petroleum jelly below the hair to |
Protect skin from staining |
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Before tinting eyelashes, what do you place underneath the lashes? |
Paper eye shields |
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What instrument used in a facial requires high level disinfectant? |
Comedone extractor |
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A chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin is called |
Acne |
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The skin is lubricated by secretions from |
The sebaceous glands |
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Following removal of hair, the skin should be cleaned with |
Medicated lotion/antiseptic lotion |
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A disease that attacks a large number of people in a particular location is known as an |
Epidemic |
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The vibrator is an electrical appliance that |
Stimulates the area being treated |
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About 80% of natural sunshine consists of |
Infrared rays |
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A glass electrode that gives off sparks operates on |
High frequency current |
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A glass electrode should be sanitized with |
An EPA low level disinfectant |
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A substance that resists the passage of an electric current is a |
Non conductor or insulator (dry wood, rubber) |
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A substance that readily transmits electric current is a |
Conductor (metal wire, copper) |
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Matter is anything that |
Occupies space |
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Removing impurities from water by passing it through a porous substance is the process of |
Filtration |
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Witch hazel is a solution that works as an |
Astringent |
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A solution that has a PH balance above 7 is a |
Alkaline |
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A solution that has a PH balance below 7 is |
Acidic |
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The largest organ of the body is |
Skin |
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The outer protective layer of the skin is called |
The epidermis |
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The skin is nourished by |
Blood and lymph |
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A safe antiseptic to use on skin is |
3% hydrogen peroxide |
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A papule is a |
Primary skin lesion |
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A Crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis (chapped lips/hands) is called a |
Fissure |
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Round dry patches of skin with silvery scales may indicate the presence of |
Psoriasis |
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No oil glands are found on the |
Palms |
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The palms, soles, forehead, and armpits contain numerous |
Sudoriferous glands (sweat gland) |
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The skin is the thinnest on the |
Eyelids |
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The technical term for excessive perspiration is |
Hyperhidrosis |
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Bromidrosis means |
Foul smelling perspiration |
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Hypertrichosis means |
Excessive growth of hair |
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Functions of the skin |
-Protection -sensation -heat regulation -excretion -secretion -absorption
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The skin protects |
-against outside elements and microorganisms -barrier function (TEWL) -melanin (pigment) -against the sun |
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The skin excretes through the sudoriferous glands to help with |
-detoxifying the body -heat regulation |
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The skin secretes through the sebaceous glands to help with |
-Protection -keeping skin soft and youthful |
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Bulla |
A large blister containing watery fluid |
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Cyst |
A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin. |
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Macule |
A flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed. Neither raised nor sunken. |
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Nodules |
Small bumps caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections |
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Papule |
Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule. |
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Pustule |
An inflamed papule with a while to yellow center containing pus. |
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Tumor |
A large nodule, an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication |
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Vesicle |
A small blister or sac containing clear fluid. (poison ivy and poison oak) |
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Wheal |
Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings. |
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Keloid |
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue |
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Ulcer |
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body. Accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth |
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An accumulation of epidermal flakes, dry or greasy is called |
Scale |
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The technical term for excessive perspiration is |
Hyperhidrosis |
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Excessive hair growth is called |
Hypertrichosis |
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The sweat and oil glands are also called |
Duct glands |
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Dry skin may be caused by under activity of the |
Sebaceous glands |
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Prior to a chemical treatment, it is necessary to give a |
Skin test. It must remain on for 7-10 minutes |
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Massage should not be given to clients with high blood pressure or a heart condition because |
It increases circulation |
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The direction of pressure in massage movements should be |
From insertion to origin |
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Cover the client's eyes with cotton pads soaked with witch hazel or an astringent before exposing the face to |
Infrared light |
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Pack facials are recommended for |
Dry and scaly skin |
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In corrective makeup, a lighter shade is used to |
Emphasize a facial area (highlight) |
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In corrective makeup, a darker shade is used to |
Minimize a facial area |
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When using ultraviolet rays during a facial treatment, who should wear safety goggles? |
Both client and esthetician |
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When applying facial pack, avoid the |
Eye, mouth, nostril |
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Albinism is a form of |
Leucoderma |
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Pustules and boils are infections containing |
Pathogens |
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Technical term for wart |
Verruca |
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Direct high frequency should not be used for more than |
5 minutes |
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Vulgaris is known as |
Acne |
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Miliaria rubra is commonly known as |
Prickly heat |
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What type of mask should be used on oily skin? |
Clay mask |
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Exfoliation also means |
Sloughing |
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Hyperpigmentation |
Over production of pigment |
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Hypopigmentation |
Lack of pigment |
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Hypertrophy |
An abnormal growth, many are benign. Some can become malignant. |
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Retention hyperkeratosis |
The failure of the skin to shed dead skin cells causing the follicle to be plugged and allowing bacteria to grow inside causing acne. |
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P acne bacteria |
The bacteria that causes acne |
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Sebaceous filaments |
Mainly small, solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter. Often found on the nose |
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Alipidic |
Skin lacks oil, feels rough |
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Occlusive |
Products that are thick and lay on top of skin to reduce TEWL |
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Minimal erythemal dose (MED) |
Describes how long it takes to become red from sun exposure |
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Functional ingredients |
Helps products spread, gives them body, texture, and form |
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Performance ingredients |
Cause actual changes. (active ingredients) |
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Emollients |
"fatty" materials derived from oils or fats used to lubricate and moisturize the skin |
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Surfactants |
Reduce surface tension between the skin and the product. Increases spreadability. |
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Detergents |
Reduce tension of the dirt and oil on the skin's surface and form an emulsion to lift them from the skin. |
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Preservatives |
Prevent bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product |
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Chelating agent |
A chemical that is added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative. |
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Colorants |
Vegetable, pigment, mineral dyes that give product color |
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Certified colors |
Synthetic, inorganic, and are now as metal salts. Batch certified and FDA approved. |
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Non certified colors |
Organic (carbon based) compounds from animal or plant extracts and can also be natural mineral pigments. |
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Physical exfoliation |
-scrub -washcloth -microderm -ultrasonic machine |
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Chemical exfoliation |
-enzymes -chemical peel (AHA, BHA) |
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Liposomes |
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of skin, and control their release. |
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Polyglucans (and beta-glucans) |
Used to enhance skin's defense mechanism and stimulate cell metabolism. Derived from yeast. |
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Alpha hydroxy acids |
-glycolic (sugar cane) mw 90 -lactic (milk) mw 76 -malic (apples) mw 134 -tartaric (grapes) mw 150 -mandelic (almonds) mw 152 -citric (citrus fruit) mw 192 |
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Beta hydroxy acids |
-salicylic - anti inflammatory - antiseptic - oil loving |
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Oregon cannot use unbuffered AHAs where concentration is greater than |
15% |
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Tesla high frequency |
-kills bacteria -sparking -acne |
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Galvanic |
-iontophoresis -anphoresis -desincrustation -cataphoresis |
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Microcurrent |
-toning |
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Voltage |
Measures the pressure |
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Amp |
Measures the strength |
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Milli amp |
Measures 1/1000 of an amp (strength) |
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Ohm |
Measures the resistance |
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Watt |
Measures how much energy is used in one second |
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Laser |
Light amplification stimulation emission of radiation |
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Ultrasound and ultrasonic send waves through the skin to assist in |
Product penetration (sonophorsis) |
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Sclerotherapy |
Minimizes varicose veins by injecting chemical agents into the affected areas |
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Electrolysis |
Removing hair with electricity |
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Depilation |
Removes hair at or near the surface of skin (shaving) |
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Epilation |
Removes hair from bottom of follicle (tweezing, waxing) |
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Folliculitis barbae |
Ingrown hair |
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Depilatory |
A caustic alkali product that removes hair |
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How many major systems in the human body? |
Eleven |
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Cell |
-The unit of all living things Composed of protoplasm |
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Protoplasm |
Colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements and water are present |
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Anabolism |
Constructive metabolism |
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Catabolism |
The phase of cell metabolism that involves complex compounds being broken down into smaller ones |
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Connective tissue |
Bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, fascia, and fat (adipose) tissue |
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Nerve tissue |
-Composed of neurons -carries messages to and from the brain. -helps control bodily functions, coordinates bodily functions |
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Skeletal tissue |
Produces white and red blood cells. 206 bones in the human body (22 in skull) |
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Risorius |
Muscle draws back the corner of the mouth out and back (grinning) |
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Zygomaticus major and minor |
Elevate the lip (laughing) |
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Mentalis muscle |
Elevates lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin |
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Nerves |
Fine fibers that supply every square inch of the human body |
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Buccal nerve |
Affects the muscles of the mouth |
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Infratrochlear nerve |
Affects the membrane of the nose |
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Blood |
-80% water -helps equalize body temp -protects from harmful microorganisms (white blood cells) |
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Endocrine system |
-Contains glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body -made up of two main glands - exocrine and endocrine |
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Epicranius muscle |
Made up of occipitalis and frontalis |
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Integumentary system |
Made up of skin and its accessory organs (oil glands, sweat glands, sensory receptors) |
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Dendrites |
Nerve fibers that receive impulses from other neurons |
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Supraorbital artery |
Supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead |
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Infraorbital artery |
Supplies blood to the eye muscles |
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Anatomy |
Study of structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye |
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Physiology |
Study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures |
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Histology |
Microscopic anatomy |
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Metabolism |
Nourishes cells |
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Connective tissue |
Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body |
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Thorax (chest) |
An elastic, bony cage made up of the -sternum(breastbone) -spine -ribs -connective cartilage |
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Muscular system |
Covers, shapes, supports skeletal system |
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Cerebrum |
Sends messages such as thought, hearing, and sight |
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Efferent nerves |
Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles to produce movement |
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Thyroid gland |
Controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes protein. And affects how sensitive the body should be to other hormones |
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Pancreas |
Secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbs, proteins and fats |
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Respiratory system |
-Composed of lungs and disphragm -protected by rib cage |
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Lightest element on earth |
Hydrogen |
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Most abundant element on earth |
Oxygen |
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Water |
65% of body 75% of land |
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Physical mixtures |
-Solutions -solvents -suspensions -emulsions |
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Molecule |
Two or more atoms that are chemically joined |
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The potential hydrogen (PH) of a substance is |
The relative degree of acidity of alkalinity |
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Acid mantle |
Protective barrier of skin |
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Antioxidants |
Prevent oxidation by neutralizing free radicals |
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Liquid matter |
Definite size, no definite shape |
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Titanium dioxide |
Mineral/sunscreen ingredient commonly used in mineral makeup |
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Tertiary colors |
Formed by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and it's neighboring primary color |
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Complementary colors |
Appear brighter in comparison |
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Warm colors |
Yellow undertones |
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Cool colors |
Blue, green, violet, blue-red undertones |
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First civilization to practice beauty |
Egyptians |
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Civilization that used beauty for bodily health |
Hebrews |
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Most famous civilization for their bathhouses |
Romans |
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20th century introductions to cosmetics |
Botox, retin A, alpha hydroxy acids |
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Cover letter should begin with |
Position of interest |
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Salon owners should carry this(these) insurance policy(s) |
-liability and malpractice -disability and burglary -theft and business interruption |
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What connects the dermis to the epidermis? |
The epidermal-dermal junction |
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Adipose |
Fat tissue that is found below the dermis (and rectal layer) |
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Melanocytes |
Specialized cells containing pigment, they produce pigment granules in basil layer |
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Fibroblasts |
Aid in production of collagen and elastin |
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Secretory nerve fibers |
Regulate secretions from sweat glands and control sebum output to the surface of the skin |
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Arrector pili muscles |
Stimulated by the motor nerve fibers |
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Free radicals |
Atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, can be characterized by inflammation |
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Papillae |
Located at bottom of follicle |
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Macules |
Freckles |
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Excoriation |
A skin sore produced by scratching or scraping the skin |
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Seborrheic dermatitis |
Inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting and/or itchiness |
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Steatoma |
A sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum |
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Sebaceous hyperplasia |
Benign lesion formed in oilier areas of the face |
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Miliara rubra |
Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands caused by excessive heat exposure |
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Atopic dermatits |
Rash |
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Urticaria |
Hives |
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Pruitis |
Itching |
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Vascular nerves |
Port wine stain |
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80% of UV damage occurs before age |
18 |
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Anaerobic |
Cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
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Androgens |
Male hormones |
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Skin type most sensitive to peels |
Asian skin |
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What should estheticians be concerned about first when performing a service? |
Skin condition |
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Actinic keratosis |
Rough areas caused by sun exposure sometimes accompanied by layered scales or scabs |
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Erythema |
Redness caused by inflammation |
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Polyphenols |
Plant chemicals and a family of antioxidants found in: green tea, red grapes, strawberries, pomegranates |
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Drugs |
Products that affect the structures and/or functions of the human bodu |
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Fatty acids |
-Oleic acid -stearic acid -caprylic acid |
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Fatty ester |
Lubricant |
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Fatty alcohol |
Used as emollients or spreading agents |
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PH adjustors |
Acids or alkalis that are used to adjust the PH of products |
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Botanical |
Plant based ingredients |
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Natural exfoliators |
Jojoba beads, grounds nuts, various seeds |
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Polyglucans |
Thought to help strengthen the immune system and stimulate the metabolism |
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Glycoproteins |
Enhance cellular metabolism |
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Beta-glucans |
Help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen |
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Tissue respiratory factor (TRF) |
Functions as an anti inflammatory and moisturizing ingredient |
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Polypeptides |
Long chains made up of amino acids |
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Polymers |
Large molecules formed by combining many smaller molecules in a regular pattern |
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Peptides |
Made up of two or more amino acid molecules |
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Sulfer |
Reduces oil glands activity and dissolves dry, dead cells on the surface of skin |
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Phytotherapy |
Using plant extracts for therapeutic benefits |
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Olfactory |
Sense of smell |
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Ampoule |
A sealed vial containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base |
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Thermal/paraffin mask |
Plumps up skin and force feeds nutrients. Should be a little warmer than body temp |
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Sinusoidal current |
Only used during scalp and facials manipulations |
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Light waves/electricity travels |
186000 miles per second |
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Polarity |
Indicates the negative or positive pole of an electrical current |
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Desincrustation |
-Softens and emulsifier grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles. Emulsifies sebum. -(lifting masks, galvanic current, enzyme peels |
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High frequency electrotherapy |
Sanitized the skin, does not allow product penetration |
