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3615 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abase
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v. act in a way that shows that you accept somebody's power over you; 〔地位・品位などを〕落とす
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abash
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v. make someone feel embarrassed; 赤面させる
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abbreviate
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v. make a word, phrase or name shorter by leaving out letters or using only the first letter of each word; 短縮する、省略する
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abdicate
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v. give up the position of being king or queen; 退く、退位する
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aberration
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n. a fact, an action or a way of behaving that is not usual, and that may be unacceptable; 常軌を外れること、逸脱
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abet
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v. help or encourage somebody to do something wrong; 〔悪事を〕けしかける、唆す
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abhor
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v. hate something, for example a way of behaving or thinking, especially for moral reasons; ひどく（忌み）嫌う
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abject
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adj. terrible and without hope; 絶望的な、悲惨な
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abjure
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v. promise publicly that you will give up or reject a belief or a way of behaving; 〔公然と・正式に〕～を捨てる
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ablution
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n. an act of washing oneself; 〔清めのために水などで〕洗浄すること
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abnegation
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n. the act of not allowing yourself to have something that you want; the act of rejecting something; 〔自己の欲求に対する〕自制
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abolish
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v. officially end a law, a system or an institution; 〔法律や制度などを〕無効にする
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abominable
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adj. extremely unpleasant and causing disgust; ひどく嫌な、憎むべき
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abominate
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v. feel hatred or disgust for something/somebody; ひどく嫌う、忌み嫌う
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aboriginal
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adj. relating to the original people, animals, etc. of a place and to a period of time before Europeans arrived; 先住民の
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abortive
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adj. not successful; failed; 不成功の
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abrasive
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adj. rough and can be used to clean a surface or to make it smooth; rude and unkind; 耳障りな、研磨の
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abridge
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v. make a book, play, etc. shorter by leaving parts out; 短縮する、要約する
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abrogate
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v. officially end a law, an agreement, etc.; 〔法律などを〕廃止する、無効にする
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abscission
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n. the natural detachment of parts of a plant, typically dead leaves and ripe fruit; 《植物》器官脱離
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absolute
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adj. total and complete; 絶対の、絶対的な
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absolve
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v. state formally that somebody is not guilty or responsible for something; （人）に無罪を言い渡す、〔人を義務などから〕免除する
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abstain
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v. choose not to use a vote, either in favor of or against something; 〔悪習を〕慎む、棄権する
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abstinence
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n. the practice of not allowing yourself something, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or health reasons; 自制、節制、禁欲
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abstract
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adj. based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation; 抽象的な
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abstruse
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adj. difficult to understand; 難解な
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abusive
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adj. rude and offensive; criticizing rudely and unfairly; 〔言葉遣い・態度が〕悪い、虐待的な
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abut
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v. be next to something or have one side touching the side of something; 隣接する
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abysmal
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adj. extremely bad or of a very low standard; 底知れない、測り知れない、ひどく悪い
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abyss
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n. a very deep wide space or hole that seems to have no bottom; 地の底、深淵
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academic
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adj. connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities; involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills; 大学の、学問の
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accelerate
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v. happen or to make something happen faster or earlier than expected; 速度を増す、加速する
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accessible
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adj. that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc; 到達可能な、入手できる
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accessory
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n. an extra piece of equipment that is useful but not essential or that can be added to something else as a decoration; アクセサリー、付属品
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acclaim
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v. praise or welcome somebody/something publicly; 称賛する
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acclimate
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v. get used to a new place, situation or climate; 〔動植物が環境に〕順応する
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acclivity
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n. an upward slope; 〔地面の〕上り坂
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accolade
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n. praise or an award for an achievement that people admire; 称賛、栄誉
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accommodate
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v. provide somebody with a room or place to sleep, live or sit; 適応する、泊める
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accomplice
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n. a person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something wrong; 共犯（者）
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accord
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n. a formal agreement between two organizations, countries, etc; 調和、一致
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accost
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v. go up to somebody and speak to them, especially in a way that is rude or threatening; （人）に近づいて声をかける
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accoutre
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v. dress somebody in a particular type of clothing or give them a particular type of equipment, especially a noticeable or impressive type; 装備する
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accretion
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n. a layer of a substance that is slowly added to something; 〔成長・付着などによる〕増大、拡大
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accrue
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v. increase over a period of time; 〔当然の結果として〕生じる、〔自然増加として〕増加する
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acerbic
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adj. critical in a direct and rather cruel way; 苦い、酸っぱい
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acerbity
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n. critical in a direct and rather cruel way; 苦味、酸味
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acetic
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adj. relating to vinegar; 酢の、酸っぱい
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acidulous
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adj. having a sour taste; 酸っぱい
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acknowledge
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v. accept that something is true; accept that somebody/something has a particular authority or status; 認める
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acme
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n. the highest stage of development or the most excellent example of something; 極致、絶頂
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acoustics
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n. the shape, design, etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound; 音響効果、音響学
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acquiesce
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v. accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it; 嫌々従う、不本意ながら従う、黙認する
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acquittal
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n. an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime; 《法律》無罪放免
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acrid
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adj. having a strong, bitter smell or taste that is unpleasant; 〔味・においなどが〕刺すような、刺激性の
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acrimonious
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adj. angry and full of strong bitter feelings and words; 辛らつな、痛烈な
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acrophobia
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n. extreme or irrational fear of heights; 高所恐怖症
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actuarial
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adj. relating to a person whose job involves calculating insurance risks and payments for insurance companies by studying how frequently accidents, fires, deaths, etc. happen; 保険数理士の
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actuate
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v. make a machine or device start to work; 作動させる、行動させる
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acuity
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n. the ability to think, see or hear clearly; 〔針などの〕鋭さ、〔知覚などの〕鋭敏さ
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acumen
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n. the ability to understand and decide things quickly and well; 洞察力、眼識
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acute
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adj. very serious or severe; very sensitive and well developed; 鋭い、深刻な、急性の
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adage
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n. a well-known phrase expressing a general truth about people or the world; ことわざ、格言
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adamant
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adj. determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about something; 〔人の意志などが〕非常に固い、断固とした
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adapt
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v. change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation; 状況に合わせて適応する、適応させる
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addendum
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n. a section of extra information that is added to something, especially to a book; 追加物、補遺
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addiction
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n. the condition of being addicted to something; 依存症、中毒
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addle
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adj. no clear or cogent; muddled; (of an egg) rotten; 〔卵などが〕腐った、〔思考などが〕混乱した
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address
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v. make a formal speech to a group of people; think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it; 演説する、〔問題を〕扱う、話し掛ける
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adept
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n. a person good at doing something that is quite difficult; 熟練者、達人
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adherent
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n. a person who supports a political party or set of ideas; 支持者、信奉者
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adhere
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v. stick firmly to something; 付着する、固執する
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adjacent
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adj. next to or near something; 隣接した
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adjunct
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n. a thing that is added or attached to something larger or more important; 補佐役、付加物、〔大学などの〕非常勤職員
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adjuration
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the act of swearing; 嘆願、懇願
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adjutant
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n. an army officer who does office work and helps other officers; 《軍事》〔隊長を補佐する〕副官、助手
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adorn
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v. make something/somebody look more attractive by decorating it or them with something; 装飾する、飾り立てる
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adroit
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adj. skilful and clever, especially in dealing with people; 巧妙な、巧みな
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adulation
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n. admiration and praise, especially when this is greater than is necessary; お世辞、誇大な称賛
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adventitious
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adj. happening by accident; not planned; 偶発的な
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advent
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n. the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc; 出現、到来
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adversary
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n. a person that somebody is opposed to and competing with in an argument or a battle; 敵、敵対者
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adverse
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adj. negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result; 敵意を持つ、不利な、逆の
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adversity
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n. a difficult or unpleasant situation; 逆境、不運
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advert
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v. refer to in speaking or writing; 言及する
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advocacy
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n. the giving of public support to an idea, a course of action or a belief; 擁護
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advocate
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v. support something publicly; 主張する、提唱する
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aegis
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n. the protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization; 後援、保護
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aerie
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n. a nest that is built high up among rocks by a bird of prey (= a bird that kills other creatures for food) such as an eagle; 〔ワシなどの猛禽などの〕高いところに作る巣
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affable
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adj. pleasant, friendly and easy to talk to; 愛想の良い、話しやすい
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affected
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adj. not natural or sincere; 影響を受けた、気取った、不自然な
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affidavit
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n. a written statement that you swear is true, and that can be used as evidence in court; 宣誓供述書
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affiliation
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n. a person's connection with a political party, religion, etc; 加入、所属、提携
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affinity
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n. a strong feeling that you understand somebody/something and like them or it; 強い好み、親近感、親和性
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affirmation
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n. the act of state firmly or publicly that something is true or that you support something strongly; 断言、肯定
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affix
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v. stick or attach something to something else; 接辞、加える、添付する
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affliction
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n. pain and suffering or something that causes it; 〔心身の〕苦痛
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affluence
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v. to have a lot of money and a good standard of living; 豊かさ、豊富
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affront
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n. a remark or an action that insults or offends somebody/something; 侮辱
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agape
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adj. with your mouth wide open, especially because you are surprised or shocked; 口を開けた、ぽかんとした
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agenda
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n. a list of items to be discussed at a meeting; 検討課題、協議事項
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agglomeration
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n. a group of things put together in no particular order or arrangement; 塊、凝集
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aggrandize
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v. increase the power or importance of a person or country; 拡大する、高める
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aggressor
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n. a person, country, etc. that attacks first; 攻撃者
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aghast
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adj. filled with horror and surprise when you see or hear something; びっくりして、あきれ返って
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agility
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n. to be able to move quickly and easily; 機敏さ、敏捷さ
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agitate
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v. argue strongly for something you want, especially for changes in a law, in social conditions, etc.; 煽動する、かき混ぜる
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agnostic
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n. a person who believes that it is not possible to know whether God exists or not; 不可知論者
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agog
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adj. excited and very interested to find out something; 〔好奇心などで〕ワクワクして、熱狂して
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agrarian
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adj. connected with farming and the use of land for farming; 農業の、土地の
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alchemy
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n. a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold; a mysterious power or magic that can change things; 錬金術
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alcove
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n. an area in a room that is formed by part of a wall being built farther back than the rest of the wall; 《建築》アルコーブ、壁のくぼみ
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alias
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n. a false or different name, especially one that is used by a criminal; a name that can be used instead of the actual name for a file, Internet address, etc; 別名、偽名
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alienate
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v. make somebody less friendly or sympathetic towards you; 疎遠にする、仲間外れにする
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alimentary
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adj. relating to nourishment or sustenance; 栄養の、消化の
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alimony
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n. the money that a court orders somebody to pay regularly to their former wife or husband when the marriage is ended; 〔離婚後・別居後に夫が妻に支払う〕生活費、扶養手当
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allay
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v. make something, especially a feeling, less strong; 和らげる、静める
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allege
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v. state something as a fact but without giving proof; 〔～が事実だと〕断言する
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allegiance
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n. a person's continued support for a political party, religion, ruler, etc; 忠誠、忠実
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allegory
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n. a story, play, picture, etc. in which each character or event is a symbol representing an idea or a quality, such as truth, evil, death, etc; the use of such symbols; 寓喩、寓話
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alliteration
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n. the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together, as in sing a song of sixpence; 頭韻
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allocate
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v. give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose; 割り当てる、配置する
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alloy
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n. a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or by mixing metal with another substance; 合金、合金にする
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allude
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v. mention something in an indirect way; それとなく言う、ほのめかす
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allure
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v. powerfully attract or charm; tempt; 魅惑する、唆す
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allusion
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n. something that is said or written that refers to or mentions another person or subject in an indirect way (= alludes to it); さりげない言及、ほのめかし
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alluvial
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adj. made of sand and earth that is left by rivers or floods; 堆積してできた、沖積の
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aloft
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adv. high in the air; 上方に、空高く
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aloof
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adj. not friendly or interested in other people; 高飛車な、遠く離れて
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altercation
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n. a noisy argument or disagreement; 〔短時間の激しい〕口論
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altruistic
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adj. caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own; 利他的な
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amass
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v. collect something, especially in large quantities; 蓄積する、収集する
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amazon
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n. a woman from a group of female warriors (= soldiers); 男まさりの女、《ギリシャ神話》アマゾン（族）(Amazon)
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ambidextrous
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adj. ambidextrous; 両手利きの、〔手先が〕とても器用な
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ambience
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n. the character and atmosphere of a place; 雰囲気、ムード
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amble
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v. walk at a slow relaxed speed; のんびり歩く
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ambrosia
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n. the food of the gods; 《ギリシャ・ローマ神話》神々の食物
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ambulatory
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adj. related to or adapted for walking; 歩行用の、歩行可能な、〔患者が〕外来の
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amenable
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adj. easy to control; willing to be influenced by somebody/something; 素直に従う、従順な
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amend
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v. change a law, document, statement, etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to improve it; 〔規則・法律などを〕改正する
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amenity
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n. a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in; 快適さ、特典、設備
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amiable
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adj. pleasant; friendly and easy to like; 社交的な、愛想の良い
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amicable
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adj. done or achieved in a polite or friendly way and without arguing; 友好的な
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amiss
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adj. wrong; not as it should be; 間違った、不適切な、欠陥がある
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amity
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n. a friendly relationship between people or countries; 有効、親善
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amnesia
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n. a medical condition in which somebody partly or completely loses their memory; 記憶喪失
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amnesty
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n. an official statement that allows people who have been put in prison for crimes against the state to go free; 大目に見ること、恩赦
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amoral
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adj. not following any moral rules and not caring about right and wrong; 道徳を超越した、道徳心のない
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amorous
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adj. showing sexual desire and love towards somebody; なまめかしい、恋の
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amorphous
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adj. having no definite shape, form or structure; 不定形の
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amphibian
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n. any animal that can live both on land and in water; 両生類、水陸両用車
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amphitheater
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n. a round building without a roof and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space; 円形競技場、〔机が半円形状に配置された〕講堂
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ample
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adj. enough or more than enough; 十分な、豊富な
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amplify
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v. increase something in strength, especially sound; 増幅する、詳しく説明する
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amputate
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v. cut off somebody's arm, leg, finger or toe in a medical operation; 〔手足を〕切断する
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amuck
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adb. behaving uncontrollably and disruptively; 荒れ狂って、逆上して
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amulet
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n. a piece of jewellery that some people wear because they think it protects them from bad luck, illness, etc.; お守り
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analgesic
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n. a substance that reduces pain; 鎮痛剤
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analogy
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n. a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features; a feature that is similar; 類似、共通点、例え
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anarchist
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n. a person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary; 無政府主義者
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anathema
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n. a thing or an idea which you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe; 呪い、忌み嫌われるもの
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ancestry
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n. the family or the race of people that you come from; 祖先、家系、家柄
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anchor
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n. a heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one place; いかり
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ancillary
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adj. providing necessary support to the main work or activities of an organization; 付属物、付属の
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anecdote
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n. a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event; 逸話、秘話
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anemia
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n. a medical condition in which somebody has too few red cells in their blood, making them look pale and feel weak; 貧血（症）、無気力
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anesthetic
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n. a drug that makes a person or an animal unable to feel anything, especially pain, either in the whole body or in a part of the body; 麻酔薬
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anguish
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n. severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness; 苦痛、悲しみ
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angular
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adj. thin and without much flesh so that the bones are noticeable; 角のある、〔人が〕やせこけた
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animadversion
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n. criticism or censure; 批評、非難
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animated
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adj. full of interest and energy; 生き生きとした、快活な
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animosity
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n. a strong feeling of opposition, anger or hatred; 敵意、悪意
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animus
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n. a strong feeling of opposition, anger or hatred; 敵意、憎悪
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annal
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n. an official record of events or activities year by year; historical records; 1年間の記録、年報
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anneal
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v. heat metal or glass and allow it to cool slowly, in order to make it stronger or softer; 〔金属やガラスを〕焼きなます、〔精神などを〕鍛える
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annex
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v. take control of a country, region, etc, especially by force; 付け加える、〔領土・国を〕併合する
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annihilate
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v. destroy somebody/something completely; defeat somebody/something completely; 滅ぼす、絶滅させる、[競技などで相手に]圧勝する
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annotate
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v. add notes to a book or text, giving explanations or comments; ～に注釈を付ける
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annuity
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n. a fixed amount of money paid to somebody each year, usually for the rest of their life; 年金（額）
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annul
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v. state officially that something is no longer legally valid; 〔契約・結婚などを〕無効にする、撤回する
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anodyne
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n. unlikely to cause disagreement or offend anyone; not expressing strong opinions; 鎮痛剤
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anoint
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v. put oil or water on somebody's head as part of a religious ceremony; 塗る、～に油［軟膏］を塗る
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anomaly
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n. a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or expected; 例外、異例、異常
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anonymity
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n. the state of remaining unknown to most other people; 匿名（性）
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antagonism
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n. feelings of hatred and opposition; 敵意、対立、〔医薬品などの〕拮抗作用
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antecedent
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n. a thing or an event that exists or comes before another, and may have influenced it; 前例、先例
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antecede
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adj. coming before another; ～に先行する
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antediluvian
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adj. very old-fashioned; 時代遅れの（人）
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anthem
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n. a song that has a special importance for a country, an organization or a particular group of people, and is sung on special occasions; 国家、賛美歌
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anthology
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n. a collection of poems, stories, etc. that have been written by different people and published together in a book; 詞華集、名詩選、選集
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anthropoid
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adj. looking like a human; 類人猿
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anthropologist
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n. a person who studies anthropology; 人類学者
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anthropomorphic
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adj. treating gods, animals or objects as if they had human qualities; 〔人間以外のものが〕擬人化された
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antic
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adj. grotesque or bizarre; ふざけた、おどけた
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anticlimax
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n. a situation that is disappointing because it happens at the end of something that was much more exciting, or because it is not as exciting as you expected; 期待外れの結果
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antidote
|
n. a substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease; 解毒剤
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antiquated
|
adj. old-fashioned and no longer suitable for modern conditions; 時代遅れの
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antiseptic
|
n. a substance that helps to prevent infection in wounds by killing bacteria; 消毒剤、防腐剤
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antithesis
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n. the opposite of something; a contrast between two things; 正反対、対照（法）、アンチテーゼ
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anvil
|
n. an iron block on which a blacksmith puts hot pieces of metal before shaping them with a hammer; 金床、金敷き
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aperture
|
n. a small opening in something; an opening that allows light to reach a lens, especially in cameras; 〔カメラなどの〕絞り、（光などが漏れる）すき間、開口
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apex
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n. the top or highest part of something; 頂点、先端、絶頂（期）
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ape
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v. copy the way somebody else behaves or talks, in order to make fun of them; 真似る
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aphasia
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n. the loss of the ability to understand or produce speech, because of brain damage; 失語（症）
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aphorism
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n. a short phrase that says something true or wise; 格言、金言
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apiary
|
n. a place where bees are kept; 養峰場
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aplomb
|
n. self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a demanding situation; 〔難事に対処するときの〕落ち着き、冷静
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apocalyptic
|
adj. describing very serious damage and destruction in past or future events; 啓示の、黙示の
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apocryphal
|
adj. well known, but probably not true; 真正さ［出典］が疑わしい、偽りの
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apogee
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n. the highest point of something, where it is greatest or most successful; 《天文》（軌道の）遠地点、極点、最高点
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apolitical
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adj. not interested in politics; not thinking politics are important; 政治に無関心な
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apologist
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n. a person who tries to explain and defend something, especially a political system or religious ideas; 弁証家、弁明者
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apostate
|
n. a person who has rejected their religious or political beliefs; 背教者、脱党者
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apothecary
|
n. a person who made and sold medicines in the past; 〈古〉薬剤師、薬局
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apothegm
|
n. a concise saying or maxim; an aphorism;（簡潔な）警句、格言
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apotheosis
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n. the highest or most perfect development of something; 極致、神格化、完璧な例
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appall
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v. greatly dismay or horrify; ぞっとさせる、ショックを与える
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apparition
|
n. a ghost or an image of a person who is dead; 幻影、亡霊
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appellation
|
n. a name or title; 命名、呼称
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append
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v. add something to the end of a piece of writing; 付け加える
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application
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n. determination to work hard at something; great effort; 専念、勤勉
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apposite
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adj. very appropriate for a particular situation or in relation to something; 適切な
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appraise
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v. consider or examine somebody/something and form an opinion about them or it; 〔土地・財産などを〕評価する
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appreciate
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v. be grateful for something that somebody has done; welcome something; understand that something is true; 感謝する、～の価格を上げる、正しく理解する
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apprehend
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v. catch somebody and arrest them; understand or recognize something; 懸念する、理解する、逮捕する
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apprehensive
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adj. worried or frightened that something unpleasant may happen; 気遣っている、心配している、聡明な
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appurtenance
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n. a thing that forms a part of something larger or more important; 付属品
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apropos
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n. concerning or related to somebody/something; 適切な、折よい、適切に
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aptitude
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n. natural ability or skill at doing something; 適性、才能
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aquiline
|
adj. thin and curved, similar to the beak of an eagle; （ワシの嘴のように）曲がった
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arabesque
|
n. a position in which the dancer balances on one leg with the other leg lifted and stretched out behind parallel to the ground; 唐草模様
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arable
|
adj. connected with growing crops such as wheat; 耕作に適する
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arbiter
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n. a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted; 権威者、審判者、〔正式に任命された〕調停者
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arbitrary
|
adj. not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair; 任意の、独断的な
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arbitrate
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v. officially settle an argument or a disagreement between two people or groups; 〔争いなどを〕仲裁する、調停に持ち込む
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arboretum
|
n. a garden where many different types of tree are grown, for people to look at or for scientific study; 樹木園、森林公園
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arcade
|
n. a covered passage with arches along the side of a row of buildings (usually a row of shops/stores); アーケード（商店街などの覆いのある通り）
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arcane
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adj. secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand; 難解な、不可解な
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archaeology
|
n. the study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the ground; 老古学
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archaic
|
n. old and no longer used; very old-fashioned; 古風な、初期の、時代遅れの
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archetype
|
adj. the most typical or perfect example of a particular kind of person or thing; 典型、原型
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archipelago
|
n. a group of islands and the sea surrounding them; 群島
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archive
|
n. a collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; the place where these records are stored; 公文書（保管所）、記録保管所
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ardor
|
n. very strong feelings of enthusiasm or love; 情熱、熱狂
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argot
|
n. words and phrases that are used by a particular group of people and not easily understood by others; 隠語
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aria
|
n. a song for one voice, especially in an opera or oratorio; 旋律、アリア
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arid
|
adj. having little or no rain; very dry; with nothing new or interesting in it; 湿気のない、〔異常に〕乾燥した、不毛の
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aristocracy
|
n. (in some countries) people born in the highest social class, who have special titles; 貴族、貴族政治
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armada
|
n. a large group of armed ships sailing together; 《軍事》大艦隊、大群
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aromatic
|
adj. having a pleasant noticeable smell; 香りの良い、芳香族の
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arraign
|
v. bring somebody to court in order to formally accuse them of a crime; 《法律》法廷に召喚する
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array
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v. arrange a group of things in a pleasing way or so that they are in order; 配置する、整列させる、（人）を美しく着飾る
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arrears
|
n. money that somebody owes that they have not paid at the right time; （支払いの）滞り、滞納（金）
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arrest
|
v. take someone to a police station and kept there because they may be guilty of a crime; 逮捕する、注意を引く
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arrhythmic
|
adj. not having a regular pattern of sounds, movements or events; 〔心臓の鼓動が〕不整脈の、不規則な
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arrogance
|
n. the behavior of a person when they feel that they are more important than other people, so that they are rude to them or do not consider them; 傲慢、横柄
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arroyo
|
n. a narrow channel with steep sides cut by a river in a desert region; 小峡谷
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arsenal
|
n. a collection of weapons such as guns and explosives; a building where military weapons and explosives are made or stored; 貯蔵武器、武器庫
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artful
|
adj. clever at getting what you want, sometimes by not telling the truth; 巧妙な、狡猾な
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articulate
|
v. express or explain your thoughts or feelings clearly in words; speak, pronounce or play something in a clear way; はっきり発音された、明確な、〔人が〕雄弁な、〔考えを〕明確に述べる
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artifact
|
n. an object that is made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest; 人工物、作為
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artifice
|
n. the clever use of tricks to cheat somebody; （巧みな）策略、ごまかし
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artisan
|
n. a person who does skilled work, making things with their hands; 伝統工芸などの職人、熟練工
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ascendancy
|
n. the position of having power or influence over somebody/something; 優勢（な状態）、支配的勢力
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ascertain
|
v. find out the true or correct information about something; 突き止める、解明する
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ascribe
|
v. consider that something is caused by a particular thing or person; 〔原因を～の〕せいにする
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aseptic
|
adj. free from harmful bacteria; 無菌の
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ashen
|
adj. very pale; without colour because of illness or fear; 灰の、灰色の
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asinine
|
adj. stupid or silly; 愚かな
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askance
|
adv. looking at or react to somebody/something with suspicion or doubt, or in a critical way; 横目で、疑いの目で、不信感を持って
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askew
|
adv. not in a straight or level position; 斜めに、一方に傾いて
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asperity
|
n. the fact of being rough or severe, especially in the way you speak to or treat somebody; 〔言動などの〕荒々しさ、刺々しさ
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aspersion
|
n. an attack on the reputation or integrity of something/something; 非難、中傷
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aspirant
|
n. a person with a strong desire to achieve a position of importance or to win a competition; 〔名誉や進歩を求めて〕熱望を抱く人
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aspire
|
v. have a strong desire to achieve or to become something; 熱望する、切望する
|
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assail
|
v. attack somebody/something violently, either physically or with words; 攻撃する、襲う、～を言葉［議論］で攻め立てる
|
|
|
assay
|
v. metals and chemicals for quality, often to see how pure they are; 分析する、試験する
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assent
|
v. agree to a request, an idea or a suggestion; 同意する、賛同する
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assert
|
v. state clearly and firmly that something is true; 断言する
|
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assessment
|
n. an opinion or a judgement about somebody/something that has been thought about very carefully; the act of judging or forming an opinion about somebody/something; 評価、査定
|
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assimilate
|
v. fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself; become, or allow somebody to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group; 同化する、〔食物などを〕吸収［消化］する
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assumption
|
n. a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof; 想定、前提
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assurance
|
n. a statement that something will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it; 確かさ、保証
|
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|
asteroid
|
n. any one of the many small planets that go around the sun; 小惑星
|
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|
astigmatism
|
n. a fault in the shape of a person's eye that prevents them from seeing clearly; 乱視
|
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astral
|
adj. connected with the stars; 星の、星形の
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astringent
|
adj. able to make the skin feel less oily or to stop the loss of blood from a cut; critical in a severe or clever way; 収斂性の、厳しい、辛辣な
|
|
|
astronomical
|
adj. connected with astronomy; very large; 天文（学）の、天文学的な
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|
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astute
|
adj. very clever and quick at seeing what to do in a particular situation, especially how to get an advantage; 明敏な、抜け目のない
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asunder
|
adj. into pieces; apart; バラバラに
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asylum
|
n. protection that a government gives to people who have left their own country, usually because they were in danger for political reasons; 保護施設、避難所、〔政治犯の〕亡命、庇護
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asymmetric
|
adj. having two sides or parts that are not the same in size or shape; 非対称の
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atavism
|
n. recurrence in an organism of a trait or character typical of an ancestral form and usually due to genetic recombination; 隔世遺伝
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atheist
|
n. a person who believes that God does not exist; 無神論者
|
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atone
|
v. act in a way that shows you are sorry for doing something wrong in the past; 償う、罪滅ぼしをする
|
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|
atrocity
|
n. a cruel and violent act, especially in a war; 残虐行為
|
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|
atrophy
|
n. the condition of losing flesh, muscle, strength, etc. in a part of the body because it does not have enough blood; 《医》〔身体器官の〕萎縮、退化
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attentive
|
adj. listening or watching carefully and with interest; helpful; making sure that people have what they need; 用心深い、（人）に思いやりのある
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attest
|
v. show or prove that something is true; 証言する
|
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attribute
|
v. say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing; n. a quality or feature of somebody/something; 〔元々備わっている〕特質、特性、～のせいにする
|
|
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attrition
|
n. a process of making somebody/something, especially your enemy, weaker by repeatedly attacking them or creating problems for them; the process of reducing the number of people who are employed by an organization by, for example, not replacing people who leave their jobs; 人員削減、〔攻撃による〕消耗
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atypical
|
adj. not typical or usual; 代表例ではない、非定型の
|
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audit
|
n. an official examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct; v. officially examine the financial accounts of a company; 会計検査（報告書）、聴講する
|
|
|
augment
|
v. increase the amount, value, size, etc. of something; 増加する
|
|
|
augury
|
n. a sign of what will happen in the future; 占い、前兆
|
|
|
august
|
adj. impressive, making you feel respect; 威厳のある、恐れ多い
|
|
|
aureole
|
n. a circle of light; corona; 《天文》コロナ(corona)、後光、光輪
|
|
|
auroral
|
adj. relating to aurora; オーロラの
|
|
|
auspicious
|
adj. showing signs that something is likely to be successful in the future; 幸先の良い
|
|
|
authenticate
|
v. prove that something is genuine, real or true; 本物であることを証明する
|
|
|
authoritarian
|
n. people believing that people should obey authority and rules, even when these are unfair, and even if it means that they lose their personal freedom; 権威主義者
|
|
|
authoritative
|
adj. showing that you expect people to obey and respect you; 権威のある
|
|
|
autocratic
|
adj. relating to a ruler who has complete power; 独裁的な、専制の
|
|
|
automaton
|
adj. a machine that moves without human control; a small robot; オートマトン、自動装置
|
|
|
autopsy
|
n. an official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death; 検視解剖
|
|
|
auxiliary
|
adj. giving help or support to the main group of workers; 補助の、補助的な
|
|
|
avalanche
|
n. a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain; 雪崩
|
|
|
avarice
|
n. extreme desire for wealth; 強欲、貪欲
|
|
|
avenge
|
v. punish or hurt somebody in return for something bad or wrong that they have done to you, your family or friends; 仕返しをする
|
|
|
averse
|
adj. not liking something or wanting to do something; opposed to doing something; ひどく嫌って
|
|
|
aversion
|
n. a strong feeling of not liking somebody/something; 反感、嫌うこと
|
|
|
avert
|
v. prevent something bad or dangerous from happening; 〔災害・惨事などを〕防ぐ、回避する
|
|
|
aviary
|
n. a large cage or building for keeping birds in, for example in a zoo; 鳥小屋
|
|
|
avid
|
adj. very enthusiastic about something (often a hobby); 熱烈な、欲深い
|
|
|
avocation
|
n. a hobby or other activity that you do for interest and enjoyment; 副業、趣味、本職
|
|
|
avow
|
v. say firmly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is true, etc; 率直に認める、明言する
|
|
|
avuncular
|
adj. behaving in a kind and friendly way towards young people, similar to the way an uncle treats his nieces or nephews; 叔父の、〔叔父のように〕慈愛にあふれた
|
|
|
awe
|
n. feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by something/somebody; 畏敬（の念）
|
|
|
awl
|
n. a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather; 突き錐、千枚通し
|
|
|
awry
|
adv. not in the right position; 斜めに、ゆがんで
|
|
|
axiom
|
n. a rule or principle that most people believe to be true; 原理、公理
|
|
|
azure
|
adj. bright blue in color like the sky; 空色の、青色の
|
|
|
babble
|
v. talk quickly in a way that is difficult to understand; make the sound of water flowing over rocks, like a stream; 片言を言う、おしゃべりをする
|
|
|
bacchanalian
|
adj. wild and involving large amounts of alcohol; どんちゃん騒ぎの
|
|
|
badger
|
v. put pressure on somebody by repeatedly asking them questions or asking them to do something; しつこく言う、せっつく
|
|
|
badinage
|
n. friendly joking between people; 冗談、からかい
|
|
|
baffle
|
v. confuse somebody completely; be too difficult or strange for somebody to understand or explain; 困惑させる、迷わせる
|
|
|
bait
|
v. place food on a hook, in a trap, etc. in order to attract or catch an animal; deliberately try to make somebody angry by making cruel or insulting remarks; 悩ます、いじめる、誘い込む、餌
|
|
|
baleful
|
adj. threatening to do something evil or to hurt somebody; 有害な、悪意に満ちた
|
|
|
balk
|
v. prevent somebody from getting something or doing something; 妨げる、妨害する
|
|
|
ballast
|
n. heavy material placed in a ship or hot-air balloon to make it heavier and keep it steady; a layer of stones that makes a strong base on which a road, railway/railroad, etc. can be built; 船の底荷、安定器
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balmy
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adj. warm and pleasant; さわやかな、快い
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balm
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n. oil with a pleasant smell that is obtained from some types of trees and plants, used in the past to help heal wounds, for example; 香油、慰め
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bandy
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v. argue with somebody or speak rudely to them; 言い合う、言いふらす
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baneful
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adj. evil or causing evil; 有毒［有害］な
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bane
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n. something that causes trouble and makes people unhappy; 破滅、死、毒
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bantering
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adj. amusing and friendly; 〔会話が〕冗談の多い
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barb
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n. the point of an arrow or a hook that is curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out; 〔矢じりや釣り針の〕かかり、返し、辛らつな言葉
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bard
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n. a person who writes poems; 吟遊詩人
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barefaced
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adj. showing that you do not care about offending somebody or about behaving badly; 厚かましい、隠さない
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baroque
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n. used to describe European architecture, art and music of the 17th and early 18th centuries that has a grand and highly decorated style; バロック様式の、飾り立てた、バロック様式の作品
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barrage
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n. the continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they are attacking or moving towards the enemy; 《軍事》集中砲火、連発
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barrister
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n. a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of law; 〈英〉法律家、弁護士
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barterer
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n. a person who exchanges goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money; 物々交換する人
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bask
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v. enjoy sitting or lying in the heat or light of something, especially the sun; 浴びる、日光に当たる、浴する
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bastion
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n. a group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief when it seems that it may disappear; 砦、拠り所
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bate
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v. reduce the force or intensity of; 減らす、弱まる
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bauble
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n. a piece of jewellery that is cheap and has little artistic value; 安物の宝石
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bawdy
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n. loud, and dealing with sex in an amusing way; 下品な、猥雑な
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beatific
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adj. showing great joy and peace; 至福の、幸福に満ちた
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beatify
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v. give a dead person a special honour by stating officially that he/she is very holy; 《カトリック》列福する
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beatitude
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n. the eight statements made by Christ about people who are blessed; 至福、最高の幸せ
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bedizen
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v. dress up or decorate gaudy; 飾り立てる
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bedraggle
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v. make something wet, dirty or untidy by rain, mud, etc; グシャグシャに湿らせる
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beeline
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n. a straight line between two places; 最短コース
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befuddle
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v. cause to become unable to think clearly; 混乱させる
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beget
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v. become the father of a child; make something happen; 生じさせる、引き起こす、父親になる
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begrudge
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v. feel unhappy that somebody has something because you do not think that they deserve it; feel unhappy about having to do, pay or give something; 出し渋る、ねたむ
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beguile
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v. trick somebody into doing something, especially by being nice to them; だます、楽しく過ごす
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behemoth
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n. a very big and powerful company or organization; 《聖書》ビヒモス、巨大なもの
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beholden
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adj. owing something to somebody because of something that they have done for you; 恩義を受けて
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behoove
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v. be a duty or responsibility for someone to do something; 〔～することが〕（人）にとって義務［当然］である
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belabor
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v. repeat an idea, argument, etc. many times to emphasize it, especially when it has already been mentioned or understood; 長々と続ける
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belated
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adj. coming or happening late; 遅れて到着した、遅まきの
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beleaguer
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v. surround; lay siege to; 包囲する、取り巻く
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belittle
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v. make somebody or the things that somebody does seem unimportant; 見くびる、軽く扱う
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bellicose
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adj. having or showing a desire to argue or fight; 好戦的な
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belligerent
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adj. unfriendly and aggressive; 好戦的な、攻撃的な
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bemoan
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v. complain or say that you are not happy about something; 嘆く、不満に思う
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bemused
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adj. showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly; 困惑した
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benediction
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n. the utterance of a blessing, especially at the end of a religious service; 祝福
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benefactor
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n. a person who gives money or other help to a person or an organization such as a school or charity; 後援者、恩人
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beneficial
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adj. improving a situation; having a helpful or useful effect; 有益になる、ためになる
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beneficiary
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n. a person who gains as a result of something; a person who receives money or property when somebody dies; 利益を受ける人、受益者
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benevolent
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adj. kind, helpful and generous; 慈悲深い、親切な
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benign
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adj. kind and gentle; not hurting anybody; not dangerous or likely to cause death; 良性の、穏やかな、慈悲深い
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benison
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n. a blessing; 祝福
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bent
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adj. not straight; a natural skill or interest in something; 曲がった、傾向、性質
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berate
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v. criticize or speak angrily to somebody because you do not approve of something they have done; ひどくしかりつける、（激しく）非難する
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bereavement
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n. the state of having lost a relative or close friend because they have died; 〔親友・近親者との〕死別
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bereft
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adj. completely lacking something; having lost something; 奪われた
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berserk
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a person who is very angry, often in a violent or uncontrolled way; 凶暴な人
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beseech
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v. ask somebody for something in an anxious way because you want or need it very much; 切望する、嘆願する
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beset
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v. affect somebody/something in an unpleasant or harmful way; 悩ませる、包囲する
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besiege
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v. surround a building, city, etc. with soldiers until the people inside are forced to let you in; 包囲する
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besmirch
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v. damage the opinion that people have of somebody/something; 〔名声を〕汚す
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bestial
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adj. cruel and disgusting; of or like a beast; 野獣の、野蛮な
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bestow
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v. give something to somebody, especially to show how much they are respected; 授ける、贈る
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betoken
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v. be a sign of something; 示す
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betray
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v. give information about somebody/something to an enemy; hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them; 裏切る、漏らす
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betroth
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v. make someone promise to marry someone; 婚約させる
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bevy
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n. a large group of people or things of the same kind; 〔女性や鳥などの〕群れ
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bicameral
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adj. having two main parts, such as the Senate and the House of Representatives in the US, and the House of Commons and the House of Lords in Britain; 二院制の
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bicker
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v. argue about things that are not important; 口論する
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biennial
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adj. happening once every two years; 2年に1回の
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bifurcated
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adj. divided into two separate parts; 分岐した
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bigotry
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n. the state of feeling, or the act of expressing, strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions; 偏見、偏狭
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bilious
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adj. feeling as if you might vomit soon; creating an unpleasant effect; 気持ちが悪い、胆汁の
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bilk
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v. cheat somebody, especially by taking money from them; だます
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billowing
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adj. rising and moving in a large mass; はためく、うねる
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bivouac
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n. a temporary camp or shelter, without using a tent, that is made and used especially by people climbing mountains or by soldiers; 野営、露営
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bizarre
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adj. very strange or unusual; 奇妙な、風変わりな
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blanch
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v. prepare food, especially vegetables, by putting it into boiling water for a short time; 漂白する、湯通しする
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blandishment
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n. pleasant things that you say to somebody or do for them to try to persuade them to do something; 甘言、お世辞
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blandish
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v. coax someone with kind words or flattery; だます、ご機嫌を取る
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bland
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adj. with little colour, excitement or interest; without anything to attract attention; not having a strong or interesting taste; 〔気候・人の態度などが〕穏やかな、味が薄い、淡泊な
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blare
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v. make a loud unpleasant noise; 〔らっぱなどを〕高々と鳴らす、大声で叫ぶ
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blase
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adj. not impressed, excited or worried about something, because you have seen or experienced it many times before; 享楽に飽きて、感動しない
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blasphemy
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n. behavior or language that insults or shows a lack of respect for God or religion; 神への冒涜、冒涜的な言動
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blatant
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adj. done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked; 〔うそなどが〕見え透いた、あからさまな
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bleak
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adj. not encouraging or giving any reason to have hope; cold and unpleasant; 寒々とした、荒涼とした、不毛な
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blighted
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adj. spoiled or damaged causing a lot of problems; 荒廃した、破滅した
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blithe
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adj. showing you do not care or are not anxious about what you are doing; happy; not anxious; 陽気な、思慮のない
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bloated
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adj. full of liquid or gas and therefore bigger than normal, in a way that is unpleasant; 膨れた
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blowhard
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v. a person who talks too proudly about something they own or something they have done; 自慢、ほら吹き
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bludgeon
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n. a thick stick with a heavy end, used as a weapon; 棍棒
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bluff
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v. try to make somebody believe that you will do something that you do not really intend to do, or that you know something that you do not really know; ぶっきらぼうな、荒っぽい、空威張り、虚勢、（人）をだます
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blunder
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n. a stupid or careless mistake; 大失敗、大間違い
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blurt
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v. say something suddenly and without thinking carefully enough; うっかり口に出す
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bluster
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v. talk in an aggressive or threatening way, but with little effect; blow violently; 〔風・波などが〕荒れ狂う、怒鳴り散らす
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bode
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v. be a good/bad sign for somebody/something; ～の前兆となる
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bogus
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adj. pretending to be real or genuine; 偽の、偽物の
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bohemian
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adj. socially unconventional, especially involved in the arts; 慣習にとらわれない、自由奔放な
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boisterous
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adj. noisy and full of life and energy; 騒々しい、乱暴な
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bolt
|
n. a long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lock it; 締めくぎ、かんぬき、〔織物などの〕一巻き、急に駆け出す、かんぬきを掛ける、かまずに飲み込む
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bombardment
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n. to attack a place by firing large guns at it or dropping bombs on it continuously; 爆撃、砲撃
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boon
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n. something that is very helpful and makes life easier for you; 恩恵、利益
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bouillon
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n. a liquid made by boiling meat or vegetables in water, used for making clear soups or sauces; ブイヨン、肉汁
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bountiful
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adj. in large quantities; large; giving generously; 〔物が〕豊富な、〔人が〕気前の良い
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bourgeois
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adj. belonging to the middle class; 中産階級の
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bovine
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adj. connected with cows; stupid and slow; 牛属の、牛に似た、鈍重な
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bowdlerize
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v. remove the parts of a book, play, etc. that you think are likely to shock or offend people; 〔本などから不穏当な部分を〕削除する
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boycott
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v. refuse to buy, use or take part in something as a way of protesting; ボイコットする、販売を拒否する、購入を拒否する
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brackish
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adj. salty in an unpleasant way; 汽水性の、半塩水の
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braggadocio
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n. behavior that seems too proud or confident; 自慢、自慢屋
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braggart
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n. a person who brags; 自慢、自慢屋
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brandish
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v. hold or wave something, especially a weapon, in an aggressive or excited way; 威嚇するように振り回す、振りかざす
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bravado
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n. a confident way of behaving that is intended to impress people, sometimes as a way of hiding a lack of confidence; 虚勢、強がり
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brawn
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n. physical strength; たくましい筋肉、筋力、たくましさ
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brazen
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v. open and without shame, usually about something that people find shocking; 厚かましい、恥知らずの
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breach
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n. a failure to do something that must be done by law; 〔法律・約束などに対する〕違反、破棄、破る
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breadth
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n. the distance or measurement from one side to the other; how broad or wide something is; a wide range (of knowledge, interests, etc.); 幅、大きさ
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brevity
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n. the quality of using few words when speaking or writing; the fact of lasting a short time; 〔表現などの〕簡潔さ
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brindled
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adj. brown with bands or marks of another color; ブリンドル模様の
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bristling
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adj. stand upright away from the skin, typically as a sign of anger or fear; 毛が逆立った
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brittle
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adj. hard but easily broken; もろい、脆弱な
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broach
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v. begin talking about a subject that is difficult to discuss, especially because it is embarrassing or because people disagree about it; 〔話などを〕切り出す、飲み口を開ける
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brocade
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n. a type of thick heavy cloth with a raised pattern made especially from gold or silver silk thread; ブロケード
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brochure
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n. a small magazine or book containing pictures and information about something or advertising something; 冊子、パンフレット
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brooch
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n. a piece of jewellery with a pin on the back of it, that can be fastened to your clothes; ブローチ
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brook
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v. not allow something; 我慢する、耐える
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browbeat
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v. frighten or threaten somebody in order to make them do something; 〔表情・言葉などで人を〕威嚇する
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browse
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v. look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one particular thing; ざっと見る、〔動物が草・葉などを〕食べる
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brunt
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n. the principal force, shock, or stress (as of an attack); 〔打撃などの〕衝撃、〔攻撃の〕矛先
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brusque
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adj. using very few words and sounding rude; 無愛想な、ぶっきらぼうな
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buccaneer
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n. (in the past) a sailor who attacked ships at sea and stole from them; 海賊、〔無節操で冷酷な〕冒険家
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bucolic
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n. connected with the countryside or country life; 牧歌、田園生活の
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buffet
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n. a meal at which people serve themselves from a table and then stand or sit somewhere else to eat; knock or push somebody/something roughly from side to side; ビュッフェ、（強く）打つ、打ちのめす
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buffoonery
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n. something silly but amusing; おどけ
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bugaboo
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n. a thing that people are afraid of; 〔いわれのない〕恐怖、〔付きまとう〕心配の種
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bullion
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n. gold or silver in large amounts or in the form of bars; 金塊、銀塊
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bulwark
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n. a person or thing that protects or defends something; a wall built as a defence; 防塁、防御
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bungle
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v. do something badly or without skill; fail at something; へまをする、しくじる
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buoyant
|
adj. tending to increase or stay at a high level, usually showing financial success; 浮力の有る、陽気な
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bureaucracy
|
n. the system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or an organization has, especially when these seem to be too complicated; 官僚機構
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burlesque
|
n. a performance or piece of writing which tries to make something look ridiculous by representing it in a humorous way; 風刺劇、ちゃかし、ちゃかす
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buxom
|
n. large in an attractive way, and with large breasts; （健康で）快活な、胸が豊かな
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cabal
|
n. a small group of people who are involved in secret plans to get political power; 〔政治的〕陰謀団、〔排他的な〕徒党
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cache
|
n. a hidden store of things such as weapons; 隠し場所、貯蔵所
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cadaverous
|
adj. extremely pale, thin and looking ill/sick; 〈文〉死人の、〔死人のように〕青ざめた
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cadaver
|
n. a dead human body; 〔解剖用の〕死体
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cadence
|
n. the rise and fall of the voice in speaking; リズム、拍子
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cadge
|
v. ask somebody for food, money, etc. especially because you cannot or do not want to pay for something yourself; 〔人に物を〕ねだる、たかる
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|
cajole
|
v. make somebody do something by talking to them and being very nice to them; おだてる、甘言でだます
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|
|
calamity
|
n. an event that causes great damage to people's lives, property, etc.; 災難、災害
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calculated
|
adj. carefully planned to get what you want; 計算された、計画的な
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caldron
|
n. a large deep pot for boiling liquids or cooking food over a fire; 大釜
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caliber
|
n. the quality of something, especially a person's ability; 才能、能力、品質
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calligraphy
|
n. beautiful handwriting that you do with a special pen or brush; the art of producing this; 書道
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|
callous
|
adj. not caring about other people's feelings or suffering; 無神経な、冷淡な
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|
calorific
|
adj. containing a lot of calories and likely to make you fat; 熱の、熱を生じる
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|
calumny
|
n. a false statement about a person that is made to damage their reputation; 中傷、悪口
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camaraderie
|
n. a feeling of friendship and trust among people who work or spend a lot of time together; 友情、仲間意識
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|
cameo
|
n. a small part in a movie or play for a famous actor; カメオ（細工）、浮き彫り装身具、〔映画やテレビなどの一場面に限られている〕名優の登場
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|
camouflage
|
v. hide someone or something by making them or it look like the things around, or like something else; 偽装する、隠し立てする
|
|
|
canard
|
n. a false report or piece of news; 虚報、流言、作り話
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|
candor
|
n. the quality of saying what you think openly and honestly; 率直さ、正直
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|
canine
|
n. connected with dogs; 犬科（の動物）、犬科の
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|
|
canker
|
n. a disease that destroys the wood of plants and trees; a disease that causes sore areas in the ears of animals, especially dogs and cats; 〔主に口腔などの〕潰瘍、悪の元凶
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|
|
canny
|
adj. intelligent, careful, and showing good judgment, especially in business or politics; 抜け目のない、慎重な
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|
|
canon
|
n. a generally accepted rule, standard, or principle by which something is judged; a list of the books or other works that are generally accepted as the genuine work of a particular writer or as being important; 〔確立された〕規範、〔一般に〕真正と認められた書物
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|
|
cantankerous
|
adj. bad-tempered and always complaining; 怒りっぽい、気難しい、扱いにくい
|
|
|
cantata
|
n. a short musical work, often on a religious subject, sung by solo singers, often with a choir and orchestra; 《音楽》カンタータ
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|
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canter
|
n. a movement of a horse at a speed that is fairly fast but not very fast; a ride on a horse moving at this speed; 〔馬の〕普通駆け足
|
|
|
canto
|
n. one of the sections of a long poem; （詩歌の）編
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|
|
cant
|
n. statements, especially about moral or religious issues, that are not sincere and that you cannot trust; うわべだけの言葉、偽善的な言葉
|
|
|
canvass
|
v. ask someone to support a particular person, political party, etc., especially by going around an area and talking to people; 〔地域を〕訪ね回る、遊説する
|
|
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capacious
|
adj. having a lot of space to put things in; 容量の大きい、広々とした
|
|
|
capacity
|
n. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold; the ability to understand or to do something; 〔学習や記憶の〕知的能力、〔適合できる〕能力、地位
|
|
|
capillary
|
adj. related to any of the smallest tubes in the body that carry blood; 毛（状）の、細長い
|
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|
capitulate
|
v. agree to do something that you have been refusing to do for a long time; 降伏する、屈服する
|
|
|
caprice
|
n. a sudden change in attitude or behavior for no obvious reason; 気まぐれ
|
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caption
|
n. words that are printed underneath a picture, cartoon, etc. that explain or describe it; （短い）説明文、見出し
|
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|
captious
|
adj. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections; あら探しする
|
|
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carafe
|
n. a glass container with a wide neck in which wine or water is served at meals; the amount contained in a carafe; 〔水やワインを入れる〕カラフ、水差し
|
|
|
carapace
|
n. the hard shell on the back of some animals such as crabs, that protects them; 〔カメなどの〕甲羅
|
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|
carat
|
n. a unit for measuring the weight of diamonds and other precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams; 《重量金衡単位》カラット
|
|
|
carcinogenic
|
adj. likely to cause cancer; 発癌性の
|
|
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cardinal
|
adj. most important; having other things based on it; n. a priest of the highest rank in the Roman Catholic Church; 基本的な、主要な、枢機卿
|
|
|
cardiologist
|
n. a doctor who studies and treats heart diseases; 心臓専門医
|
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careen
|
v. move forward very quickly, especially in a way that is dangerous or uncontrolled; 傾く、すごいスピードで進む、（揺れながら）疾走する
|
|
|
caricature
|
n. a funny drawing or picture of someone that exaggerates some of their features; 戯画、風刺画
|
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|
carillon
|
n. a set of bells on which tunes can be played, sometimes using a keyboard; a tune played on bells; カリヨン（の曲）、組み鐘
|
|
|
carnage
|
n. the violent killing of a large number of people; 大虐殺
|
|
|
carnal
|
adj. connected with the body or with sex; 肉欲の、〈文〉体の
|
|
|
carnivorous
|
adj. related to animals that eat meat; 肉食（性）の
|
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|
carousal
|
n. to drink a lot, be noisy, and have fun; 大酒盛り
|
|
|
carping
|
n. to keep complaining about someone or something in an annoying way; あら捜し
|
|
|
carrion
|
n. the decaying flesh of dead animals; 死肉、腐肉
|
|
|
cartographer
|
n. a person who draws or makes maps; 地図製作者
|
|
|
cascade
|
n. a small waterfall, especially one of several falling down a steep slope with rocks; 〔小さな〕滝
|
|
|
caste
|
n. any of the four main divisions of Hindu society, originally those made according to functions in society; the system of dividing Hindu society in this way; カースト、〔インドの〕社会階級
|
|
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casualty
|
n. a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident; 災害、死傷者、損害
|
|
|
cataclysm
|
n. a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for example a flood or a war; 〔社会〕大変動、激変
|
|
|
catapult
|
n. a weapon used in the past to throw heavy stones; 投石機、パチンコ
|
|
|
cataract
|
n. a medical condition that affects the lens of the eye and causes a gradual loss of sight; a large, steep waterfall; 大雨、滝、白内障
|
|
|
catastrophe
|
n. a sudden event that causes many people to suffer; 大惨事、大災害
|
|
|
catcall
|
n. a noise or shout expressing anger at or disapproval of someone who is speaking or performing in public; やじ
|
|
|
catechism
|
n. a set of questions and answers that are used for teaching people about the beliefs of the Christian religion; 《カトリック》公教要理、問答式教授（法）
|
|
|
categorical
|
adj. expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are saying; 絶対的な、明確な
|
|
|
catharsis
|
n. the process of releasing strong feelings, for example through plays or other artistic activities, as a way of providing relief from anger, suffering, etc.; カタルシス、〔精神の〕浄化、〔下剤による〕便通
|
|
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cathartic
|
n. a medicine that causes the bowels to be purged; 下剤
|
|
|
catholic
|
adj. including many or most things; 普遍的な、包容力のある
|
|
|
caucus
|
n. a meeting of the members or leaders of a political party to choose candidates or to decide policy; the members or leaders of a political party as a group; 党員集会、政党の幹部会
|
|
|
caulk
|
v. fill the holes or cracks in something, especially a ship, with a substance that keeps out water; 〔水などが漏れるのを防ぐために〕詰め物をする、ふさぐ
|
|
|
causal
|
adj. connected with the relationship between two things, where one causes the other to happen; 因果関係を示す、原因となる
|
|
|
cauterize
|
v. burn a wound, using a chemical or heat, in order to stop the loss of blood or to prevent infection; 《医》焼灼する
|
|
|
cavalcade
|
n. a line of people on horses or in vehicles forming part of a ceremony; 騎馬行進、車上パレード
|
|
|
cavalier
|
n. not caring enough about something important or about the feelings of other people; 傲慢な、尊大な
|
|
|
cavil
|
v. make unnecessary complaints about something; 難癖［けち］をつける
|
|
|
cede
|
v. give someone control of something or give them power, a right, etc., especially unwillingly; 譲渡する、譲る
|
|
|
celerity
|
n. speed; 〔行動などの〕迅速さ
|
|
|
celestial
|
adj. of the sky or of heaven; 天の、天国の、空の
|
|
|
celibate
|
adj. not married and not having sex, especially for religious reasons; 〔宗教的理由による〕禁欲主義の、独身の
|
|
|
censorious
|
adj. tending to criticize people or things a lot; 批判的な、検閲官のような
|
|
|
censor
|
v. remove the parts of a book, movie, etc. that are considered to be offensive, immoral, or a political threat; 検閲する
|
|
|
censure
|
v. criticize someone severely, and often publicly, because of something they have done; 非難する、酷評する
|
|
|
centaur
|
n. (in ancient Greek stories) a creature with a man's head, arms, and upper body on a horse's body and legs; 《ギリシャ神話》ケンタウロス
|
|
|
centigrade
|
n. of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°; 摂氏度、百分度
|
|
|
centrifugal
|
adj. moving or tending to move away from a center; 外側に向かう、遠心性の
|
|
|
centrifuge
|
n. a machine with a part that spins around to separate substances, for example liquids from solids, by forcing the heavier substance to the outer edge; 遠心分離器
|
|
|
centripetal
|
adj. moving or tending to move toward a center; 中心に向かう、求心性の
|
|
|
centurion
|
n. (in ancient Rome) an army officer who commanded 100 soldiers; 百人隊長
|
|
|
cerebral
|
adj. relating to the brain; 脳の
|
|
|
cerebration
|
n. the act of thinking; consideration; thought; 大脳作用、思考
|
|
|
ceremonious
|
adj. behaving or performed in an extremely formal way; 厳かな、儀礼を尽くした、改まった
|
|
|
certitude
|
n. a feeling of being certain; a thing about which you are certain; 確信
|
|
|
cessation
|
n. the stopping of something; a pause in something; 停止、休止
|
|
|
cession
|
n. the act of giving up land or rights, especially to another country after a war; 譲渡、譲与
|
|
|
chafe
|
adj. rub a part of the body in order to make it warm or restore feeling to it; こすって温める
|
|
|
chaff
|
n. the outer covering of the seeds of grain such as wheat, which is separated from the grain before it is eaten; もみ殻、くず、つまらないもの
|
|
|
chagrin
|
n. a feeling of being disappointed or annoyed; 悔しさ、残念さ
|
|
|
chalice
|
n. a large cup for holding wine, especially one from which wine is drunk in the Christian communion service; 〔金属製の〕杯
|
|
|
chameleon
|
n. a small lizard (= a type of reptile ) that can change color according to its surroundings; a person who changes their behavior or opinions according to the situation; カメレオン
|
|
|
champion
|
v. fight for or speak in support of a group of people or a belief; 擁護する、支持する
|
|
|
chaotic
|
adj. in a state of complete confusion and lack of order; 大混乱の、混沌とした
|
|
|
charisma
|
n. the powerful personal quality that some people have to attract and impress other people; 人を引き付ける強い個性、カリスマ性
|
|
|
charlatan
|
n. a person who claims to have knowledge or skills that they do not really have; ペテン師
|
|
|
chary
|
adj. not willing to risk doing something; fearing possible problems if you do something; 用心深い、慎重な、けちな
|
|
|
chase
|
v. cut patterns or designs on metal; 〔金属を〕くぼませる
|
|
|
chasm
|
n. a deep crack or opening in the ground; a very big difference between two people or groups, for example because they have different attitudes; 〔地面の〕深い裂け目、深淵
|
|
|
chassis
|
n. the frame that a vehicle is built on; 胴体、シャーシ
|
|
|
chastened
|
adj. feeling sorry for something they have done; 〔苦労などに〕鍛えられた、悔やんだ
|
|
|
chasten
|
v. make someone feel sorry for something they have done; 罰する、懲らしめる
|
|
|
chaste
|
adj. not having sex with anyone; only having sex with the person that you are married to; 〔行動や考え方が〕慎み深い、処女の
|
|
|
chastise
|
v. criticize someone for doing something wrong; 厳しく非難する、罰する
|
|
|
chauvinist
|
n. a person who has an aggressive and unreasonable belief that their own country is better than all others; 熱狂的［狂信的］愛国主義者、〔特定の性・集団などに対する〕偏執的優越主義者
|
|
|
checkered
|
adj. containing both successful and not successful periods; 〔人の過去・経歴・生涯などが〕波乱に富んだ、波瀾万丈の
|
|
|
check
|
v. control something; stop something from increasing or getting worse; 抑制する、阻止する
|
|
|
cherubic
|
adj. like an angel, shown as a small, fat, usually male, child with wings; 無邪気な、天使のような
|
|
|
chide
|
v. criticize or blame someone because they have done something wrong; たしなめる、小言を言う
|
|
|
chimerical
|
adj. imaginary or not really possible; 幻想上の、想像上の
|
|
|
chisel
|
n. a tool with a sharp, flat edge at the end, used for shaping wood, stone, or metal; のみ、彫刻刀
|
|
|
chivalrous
|
adj. polite, kind, and behaving with honor, especially toward women; 礼儀正しい、騎士道の、勇敢な
|
|
|
choleric
|
adj. easily made angry; 癇癪持ちの、怒りっぽい
|
|
|
choreography
|
n. the art of designing and arranging the steps and movements in dances, especially in ballet; the steps and movements in a particular ballet or show; 〔舞踊などの〕振り付け（法）
|
|
|
chortle
|
v. laugh loudly with pleasure or because you are amused; 〔面白くて・楽しくて〕声を立てて笑う
|
|
|
chronicle
|
v. record events in the order in which they happened; 記録にとどめる、年代順に記録する
|
|
|
chronic
|
adj. lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of; 慢性の
|
|
|
churlish
|
adj. It would be churlish to refuse such a generous offer.; 〈軽蔑的〉野卑な、不作法な
|
|
|
ciliated
|
adj. having a fringe of hairs; 繊毛のある
|
|
|
cipher
|
n. a person or thing of no importance; a secret way of writing, especially one in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others; 取るに足りない人［物］、暗号
|
|
|
circlet
|
n. a round band made of precious metal, flowers, etc., worn around the head for decoration; 小円、飾り輪
|
|
|
circuitous
|
adj. long and not direct; 回り道の、遠回しの
|
|
|
circumlocution
|
n. using more words than are necessary, instead of speaking or writing in a clear, direct way; 〔多くの言葉を用いた〕遠回しな表現
|
|
|
circumscribe
|
v. limit someone's or something's freedom, rights, power, etc.; 制限する
|
|
|
circumspect
|
adj. thinking very carefully about something before doing it, because there may be risks involved; 用心深い、慎重な
|
|
|
circumvent
|
v. find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule; 迂回する、巧みに逃れる、～の裏をかく
|
|
|
cistern
|
n. a container in which water is stored in a building, especially one in the roof or connected to a toilet; 貯水池
|
|
|
citadel
|
n. (in the past) a castle on high ground in or near a city, where people could go when the city was being attacked; 要塞、砦
|
|
|
cite
|
v. mention something as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying; order someone to appear in court; to name someone officially in a legal case; 引用する、～に出頭命令を出す
|
|
|
clairvoyant
|
adj. having the power that some people are believed to have to be able to see future events or to communicate with people who are dead or far away; 透視力のある、先見の明のある
|
|
|
clamber
|
v. climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands and feet; よじ登る
|
|
|
clamor
|
n. demand something loudly; a demand for something made by a lot of people; どよめき、やかましい音、わめき、騒ぎ
|
|
|
clandestine
|
adj. done secretly or kept secret; 秘密で行われる、秘密の
|
|
|
clangor
|
n. a continuous loud crashing or ringing sound; カーンカーン、ガランガランという音
|
|
|
clapper
|
n. the piece of metal inside a bell that hits the sides and makes the bell ring; 〔鐘や鈴の〕舌
|
|
|
clarion
|
v. sound loud and clear; 〔音が〕クラリオンのように甲高く響き渡る
|
|
|
claustrophobia
|
n. an extreme fear of being in a small confined place; the unpleasant feeling that a person gets in a situation that restricts them; 閉所恐怖症
|
|
|
clavicle
|
n. collarbone; 鎖骨
|
|
|
cleave
|
v. split or cut something in two using something sharp and heavy; 割る、（切り）裂く、（しっかりと）くっつく、忠実である
|
|
|
cleft
|
n. a natural opening or crack, for example in the ground or in rock, or in a person's chin; 裂け目
|
|
|
clemency
|
n. kindness shown to someone when they are being punished; willingness not to punish someone so severely; 慈悲、温和
|
|
|
cliche
|
n. a phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and is not interesting; 決まり文句、陳腐な表現
|
|
|
clientele
|
n. all the customers or clients of a store, restaurant, organization, etc.; 〔商店・レストランなどの〕常連
|
|
|
climactic
|
adj. very exciting; most important; クライマックスの、絶頂の
|
|
|
clime
|
n. a country with a particular kind of climate; 〔気候区分で分けた〕地方
|
|
|
clique
|
n. a small group of people who spend their time together and do not allow others to join them; 〔排他的な〕小集団、派閥
|
|
|
cloister
|
n. a covered passage with arches around a square garden, usually forming part of a cathedral, convent, or monastery; 修道院、ひきこもらせる
|
|
|
clout
|
n. power and influence; 強い影響力、勢力
|
|
|
cloying
|
adj. so sweet that it is unpleasant; using emotion in a very obvious way, so that the result is unpleasant; 甘すぎる、飽き飽きさせる、過剰でうんざりさせるような
|
|
|
coalesce
|
v. come together to form one larger group, substance, etc.; 合体する、融合する
|
|
|
coalition
|
n. a government formed by two or more political parties working together; a group formed by people from several different groups, especially political ones, agreeing to work together for a particular purpose; 連合、合同
|
|
|
coddle
|
adj. treat someone with too much care and attention; 優しく扱う、甘やかして育てる
|
|
|
codicil
|
n. an instruction that is added later to a will, usually to change a part of it; 《法律》遺言補足書
|
|
|
codify
|
v. arrange laws, rules, etc. into a system; 成文化する、体系化する
|
|
|
coercion
|
n. the action of making someone do something that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force; 強制(力)、抑圧
|
|
|
coeval
|
adj. having the same age or date of origin; 同時代の
|
|
|
cogitate
|
v. think carefully about something; 熟慮する
|
|
|
cognate
|
adj. having the same origin as another word or language; related in some way and therefore similar; 血族の、祖先が同じ、《言語学》〔語が〕同じ語源の
|
|
|
cognitive
|
adj. connected with mental processes of understanding; 認識の
|
|
|
cognizance
|
n. knowledge or understanding of something; 認識（範囲）、認知
|
|
|
cog
|
n. one of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel that fit between the teeth on the next wheel and cause it to move;（歯車の）歯
|
|
|
cohabit
|
v. live together and have a sexual relationship without being married; 共生する
|
|
|
cohere
|
v. have a clear logical connection so that together they make a whole; 首尾一貫する、密着する
|
|
|
cohesion
|
n. the act or state of keeping together; つながり、団結
|
|
|
cohort
|
n. a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behavior; 軍隊、軍団
|
|
|
coiffure
|
n. the way in which a person's hair is arranged; 髪形
|
|
|
coincidence
|
n. the fact of two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way; 〔偶然の〕一致、合致
|
|
|
coin
|
v. invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use; make coins out of metal; 〔貨幣を〕鋳造する
|
|
|
colander
|
n. a metal or plastic bowl with a lot of small holes in it, used for draining water from vegetables, etc. after washing or cooking; 水切りボール
|
|
|
collaborate
|
v. work together with someone in order to produce or achieve something; 協力する、共同して働く
|
|
|
collage
|
n. the art of making a picture by sticking pieces of colored paper, cloth, or photographs onto a surface; a picture that you make by doing this; コラージュ
|
|
|
collateral
|
n. property or something valuable that you promise to give to someone if you cannot pay back money that you borrow; 担保
|
|
|
collate
|
v. collect information together from different sources in order to examine and compare it; 照合する
|
|
|
collation
|
n. a light meal that may be permitted on days of general fast.; 軽食
|
|
|
colloquial
|
adj. used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing; 口語（体）の、話し言葉の
|
|
|
colloquy
|
n. a conversation; 会話、議論
|
|
|
collusion
|
n. secret agreement especially in order to do something dishonest or to trick people; 示し合わせて事を行うこと、共謀、癒着
|
|
|
colossal
|
adj. extremely large; 巨大な
|
|
|
colossus
|
n. a person or thing that is extremely important or large in size; 巨人、巨像
|
|
|
comatose
|
adj. deeply unconscious; in a coma; 昏睡状態の
|
|
|
combustible
|
adj. able to begin burning easily; 可燃の
|
|
|
comely
|
adj. pleasant to look at; 魅力的な
|
|
|
comestible
|
adj. that can be eaten; 食べられる
|
|
|
comeuppance
|
n. a punishment for something bad that you have done, that other people feel you really deserve; 天罰、当然の報い
|
|
|
comity
|
n. friendly social atmosphere; 礼譲、礼節
|
|
|
commandeer
|
v. take control of a building, a vehicle, etc. for military purposes during a war, or by force for your own use; 奪い取る、乗っ取る、ハイジャックする
|
|
|
commemorative
|
adj. intended to help people remember and respect an important person or event in the past; 記念の
|
|
|
commiserate
|
v. show someone sympathy when they are upset or disappointed about something; 哀れむ、同情する
|
|
|
commodious
|
adj. having a lot of space; 〔土地・部屋などが〕広い、広くて便利な
|
|
|
communal
|
adj. shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together; 共有の、地域社会の
|
|
|
compact
|
adj. smaller than is usual for things of the same kind; 小型の、コンパクトな、同意、協定
|
|
|
compatible
|
adj. able to be used together; having have a good relationship because they have similar ideas, interests, etc.; 仲良くやっていける、相性が良い
|
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compelling
|
adj. that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting; 強制的な、従わざるを得ない
|
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compensatory
|
adj. intended to make up for something such as loss, suffering, or injury; 償いの
|
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compilation
|
n. a collection of items, especially pieces of music or writing, taken from different places and put together; the process of compiling something; 編集
|
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compile
|
v. produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs, etc. 編集する、集める
|
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|
complacency
|
adj. a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary; the state of being complacent; 現状に満足しきっていること、自己満足
|
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|
complementary
|
adj. different but together form a useful or attractive combination of skills, qualities, or physical features; 補足的な
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complement
|
v. add to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractive; 完全にする、補完する
|
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compliance
|
n. the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority; 〔規則などの〕遵守
|
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complicity
|
n. the act of taking part with another person in a crime; 共謀
|
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component
|
n. one of several parts of which something is made; 成分、（構成）要素
|
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comport
|
v. behave in a particular way; 振る舞う
|
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composure
|
n. the state of being calm and in control of your feelings or behavior; 落ち着き、冷静
|
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compound
|
v. mix something together; pay or charge interest on an amount of money that includes any interest already earned or charged; 組み合わせる、構成する、〔利子を〕複利で支払う
|
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comprehensive
|
adj. including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned; 包括的な、総合的な
|
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compress
|
v. press or squeeze something together or into a smaller space;be pressed or squeezed in this way; 押し付ける、圧縮する
|
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comprise
|
v. have someone or something as parts or members; be the parts or members that form something; 〔全体が部分として～を〕包む、包含する、〔部分〕から成る
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compromise
|
v. give up some of your demands after a disagreement with someone, in order to reach an agreement; 妥協して解決する、危うくする
|
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compunction
|
n. a guilty feeling about doing something; 良心の呵責、罪の意識にさいなまれること
|
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compute
|
v. calculate; 計算する
|
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concatenate
|
v. link together; 連結させる
|
|
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concave
|
adj. curving in; くぼんだ、凹状の
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concede
|
v. admit that something is true, logical, etc.; 〔敗北を〕認める、〔権利を〕譲る
|
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conceit
|
n. too much pride in yourself and what you do; うぬぼれ、奇想
|
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|
concentric
|
adj. having the same center; 同心の
|
|
|
conception
|
n. the process of forming an idea or a plan; 〔物事の〕始まり、起源、〔頭の中の〕思考、〔妊娠初期の〕受胎
|
|
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concerted
|
adj. done in a planned and determined way, especially by more than one person, government, country, etc.; 一致団結した、共同の
|
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concession
|
n. something that you allow or do, or allow someone to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation less difficult; a right or an advantage that is given to a group of people, an organization, etc., especially by a government or an employer; 譲歩、営業権
|
|
|
concise
|
adj. giving only the information that is necessary and important, using few words; 簡潔な
|
|
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conclave
|
n. a meeting to discuss something in private; the people at this meeting; 秘密会議
|
|
|
conclusive
|
adj. proving something, and allowing no doubt or confusion; 決定的な、確実な、結論的な
|
|
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concoct
|
v. make something, especially food or a drink, by mixing different things; 混ぜ合わせて作る
|
|
|
concomitant
|
adj. happening at the same time as something else, especially because one thing is related to or causes the other; 付属物、付随する
|
|
|
concord
|
n. peace and agreement; the fact of having the same number, gender, or person; 一致、調和
|
|
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concurrent
|
adj. existing or happening at the same time; 〔複数の事柄が〕同時に起こる
|
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concur
|
v. agree; happen at the same time; 同意する、同時に起きる
|
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condescend
|
v. behave toward someone as though you are more important and more intelligent than they are; do something that you think it is below your social or professional position to do; 見下すような態度を取る、へりくだって～する
|
|
|
condign
|
adj. appropriate to the crime; 〔処罰などが〕当然受けるべき、極めて適切な
|
|
|
condiment
|
n. a sauce, etc. that is used to give flavor to food, or that is eaten with food; a substance such as salt or pepper that is used to give flavor to food; 香辛料、調味料
|
|
|
condole
|
v. express sympathetic sorrow; 〔相手の不幸に対して〕悔やみを述べる
|
|
|
conducive
|
adj. making it easy, possible, or likely for something to happen; 資する、貢献する
|
|
|
conduit
|
n. a pipe, channel, or tube through which liquid, gas, or electrical wire can pass; a person, an organization or a country that is used to pass things or information to other people or places; 〔水などの〕導管、〔情報などを秘密裏に伝える〕ルート
|
|
|
confidant
|
n. a person that you trust and who you talk to about private or secret things, 親友
|
|
|
confine
|
v. keep someone or something inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.; 限る、制限する
|
|
|
confiscate
|
v. officially take something away from someone, especially as a punishment; 〔所持品・私有財産などを〕没収する、差し押さえる
|
|
|
conflagration
|
n. a very large fire that destroys a lot of land or buildings; 大火、大火災
|
|
|
conflate
|
v. put two or more things together to make one new thing; 〔複数のものを一つに〕合成する、融合する
|
|
|
confluence
|
n. the place where two rivers flow together and become one; （河川の）合流
|
|
|
conformity
|
n. behavior or actions that follow the accepted rules of society; 〔規則・慣例などに〕従うこと、適合、順応
|
|
|
congeal
|
v. become thick or solid; 凍る、凝固する、凍らせる
|
|
|
congenial
|
adj. pleasant to spend time with because their interests and character are similar to your own; 心地良い、〔好みなどが〕一致する、〔性格などが〕愛想が良い
|
|
|
congenital
|
adj. existing since or before birth; existing as part of a person's character and not likely to change; 《生物》〔病気などが〕生まれつきの、〔性質などが〕固有の
|
|
|
conglomeration
|
n. a mixture of different things that are found all together; 集塊
|
|
|
congruence
|
n. having the same size and shape; being suitable for something; 一致、調和
|
|
|
congruent
|
adj. having the same size and shape; suitable for something; 一致した、調和した
|
|
|
conifer
|
n. any tree that produces hard dry fruit called; 針葉樹
|
|
|
conjecture
|
n. an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing; 憶測、推測、推測する
|
|
|
conjugal
|
adj. connected with marriage and the sexual relationship between a husband and wife; 婚姻の、夫婦の
|
|
|
conjure
|
v. do skillful tricks such as making things seem to appear or disappear as if by magic; 魔法をかける、呪文で呼び出す
|
|
|
connivance
|
n. help in doing something wrong; the failure to stop something wrong from happening; 見て見ぬふりをすること
|
|
|
connotation
|
n. an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning; 言外の意味、含蓄
|
|
|
connubial
|
adj. related to marriage, or the relationship between husband and wife; 婚姻の、結婚の
|
|
|
consanguinity
|
n. relationship by birth in the same family; 血族（関係）、密接な関係
|
|
|
conscientious
|
adj. taking care to do things carefully and correctly; 良心的な、誠実な、勤勉な
|
|
|
conscript
|
n. a person who has been drafted into the armed forces; 徴集兵
|
|
|
consecrate
|
v. state officially in a religious ceremony that something is holy and can be used for religious purposes; make bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ; 捧げる、神聖にする
|
|
|
consensus
|
n. an opinion that all members of a group agree with; 意見の一致
|
|
|
consequential
|
adj. happening as a result or an effect of something; important; もったいぶった、重大な
|
|
|
conservatory
|
n. a school or college at which people are trained in music and theater; 音楽学校、芸術学校
|
|
|
consign
|
v. put someone or something somewhere in order to get rid of them/it; 渡す、預ける、委託する
|
|
|
consistency
|
n. the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistent; 一貫性、調和、整合性
|
|
|
console
|
v. give comfort or sympathy to someone who is unhappy or disappointed; 慰める、元気づける
|
|
|
consolidation
|
n. to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue; to join things together into one; 合同、合併、強化
|
|
|
consonance
|
n. agreement; 一致、調和
|
|
|
consort
|
n. the husband or wife of a ruler; v. spend time with someone that other people do not approve of; 一致させる、調和させる、配偶者、〔悪い人と〕付き合う
|
|
|
conspiracy
|
n. a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal; 陰謀
|
|
|
constituent
|
n. a person who lives, and can vote in a constituency; one of the parts of something that combine to form the whole; 有権者
|
|
|
constraint
|
n. a thing that limits or restricts something, or your freedom to do something; 〔自由な行動などに対する〕制約、遠慮
|
|
|
construe
|
v. understand the meaning of a word, a sentence, or an action in a particular way; 〔言葉や行為の意味を〕理解する、解釈する
|
|
|
consummate
|
adj. extremely skilled; perfect; 完璧な、非常に熟達した
|
|
|
contagion
|
n. the spreading of a disease by people touching each other; something bad that spreads quickly by being passed from person to person; 感染、伝染
|
|
|
contaminate
|
v. make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease; 汚染する
|
|
|
contempt
|
n. the feeling that someone or something is without value and deserves no respect at all; 軽蔑、侮辱
|
|
|
contend
|
v. say that something is true, especially in an argument; compete against someone in order to gain something; 強く主張する、競う
|
|
|
contest
|
v. take part in a competition, election, etc., and try to win it; formally oppose a decision or statement because you think it is wrong; 競う、議論を戦わせる
|
|
|
context
|
n. the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand it; 文脈、〔文中の言葉の〕前後関係
|
|
|
contiguous
|
adj. touching or next to something; 隣接する、〔時間的に〕連続的な
|
|
|
continence
|
n. the ability to control the bladder and bowels; the control of your feelings, especially your desire to have sex; 〔肉体的〕抑制、自制、禁欲
|
|
|
contingent
|
n. a group of people at a meeting or an event who have something in common, especially the place they come from, that is not shared by other people at the event; adj. depending on something that may or may not happen; 偶発的な、代表団、派遣団
|
|
|
contortion
|
n. the state of the face or body being twisted out of its natural shape; a movement which twists the body out of its natural shape; ねじれ、ゆがみ
|
|
|
contraband
|
n. goods that are illegally taken into or out of a country; 密輸（品）
|
|
|
contravene
|
v. do something that is not allowed by a law or rule; 違反する、反対する
|
|
|
contrived
|
adj. planned in advance and not natural or genuine; written or arranged in a way that is not natural or realistic; 不自然な、わざとらしい
|
|
|
controvert
|
v. say or prove that something is not true; 反論する、否定する
|
|
|
contumacious
|
adj. lacking respect for authority; 〔命令などに〕服従しない、反抗的な
|
|
|
contusion
|
n. an injury to part of the body that does not break the skin; 打撲傷
|
|
|
convene
|
v. arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting; 招集する、開く
|
|
|
conventional
|
adj. tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting; 慣習の、陳腐な、平凡な
|
|
|
convention
|
n. a large meeting of the members of a profession, a political party, etc.; 慣習、しきたり、会議
|
|
|
conversant
|
adj. knowing about something; familiar with something; 精通している
|
|
|
converse
|
n. the opposite or reverse of a fact or statement; 逆、反対
|
|
|
convert
|
n. a person who has changed their religion, beliefs, or opinions; 転向者、改宗者
|
|
|
convex
|
adj. curving out; 凸面、凸状の
|
|
|
conveyance
|
n. the process of taking someone or something from one place to another; 運搬、乗物
|
|
|
conviction
|
n. the act of finding someone guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty; 信念、確信、有罪判決
|
|
|
convivial
|
adj. cheerful and friendly in atmosphere or character; 〔パーティなどが〕愉快な、〔人が〕宴会好きな
|
|
|
convoke
|
v. gather together a group of people for a formal meeting; 〔会議などを〕招集する
|
|
|
copious
|
adj. in large amounts; 多量の
|
|
|
coquette
|
n. a woman who behaves in a way that is intended to attract men; なまめかしい女
|
|
|
cordial
|
adj. pleasant and friendly; 誠心誠意の、心からの
|
|
|
cordon
|
n. a line or ring of police officers, soldiers, etc., guarding something or stopping people from entering or leaving a place; 非常線、警戒線
|
|
|
cornice
|
n. a decorative border around the top of the walls in a room or on the outside walls of a building; コーニス、蛇腹
|
|
|
cornucopia
|
n. a decorative object shaped like an animal's horn, shown in art as full of fruit and flowers; something that is or contains a large supply of good things; 豊饒の角、豊かさの象徴、豊富
|
|
|
corollary
|
n. a situation, an argument, or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one; 必然的帰結、当然の結果
|
|
|
corporeal
|
adj. that can be touched; physical rather than spiritual; 身体の、物質的な
|
|
|
corpulent
|
adj. fat; 肥満した
|
|
|
correlation
|
n. a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does; 相互関係
|
|
|
corroborate
|
v. provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc.; 裏付ける、確証する
|
|
|
corrode
|
v. destroy something slowly, especially by chemical action; be destroyed in this way; 侵食する
|
|
|
corrosive
|
adj. tending to destroy something slowly by chemical action; (formal) tending to damage something gradually; 腐食した、腐食性の
|
|
|
corrugated
|
adj. shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves; 波形の
|
|
|
cosmic
|
adj. connected with the whole universe; very great and important; 宇宙の
|
|
|
coterie
|
n. a small group of people who have the same interests and do things together but do not like to include others; 同人、仲間
|
|
|
countenance
|
n. a person's face or their expression; 賛同する、容認する、顔つき、顔色
|
|
|
countermand
|
v. cancel an order that has been given, especially by giving a different order; 撤回する
|
|
|
counterpart
|
n. a person or thing that has the same position or function as someone or something else in a different place or situation; 対をなすものの片方、相手方
|
|
|
couple
|
v. join together two parts of something, for example two vehicles or pieces of equipment; つなぐ、連結する
|
|
|
coup
|
n. a sudden, illegal, and often violent change of government; the fact of achieving something that was difficult to do; 政変、クーデター
|
|
|
courier
|
n. a person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere; 配達人
|
|
|
covert
|
adj. secret or hidden, making it difficult to notice; 秘密の
|
|
|
covetous
|
adj. having a strong desire for the things that other people have; 非常に欲しがる、切望する
|
|
|
cower
|
v. bend low and/or move backward because you are frightened; 縮こまる、小さくなる
|
|
|
cow
|
v. frighten someone in order to make them obey you; 脅す、おびえさせる
|
|
|
coy
|
adj. shy or pretending to be shy and innocent, especially about love or sex, and sometimes in order to make people more interested in you; 遠慮がちな、恥ずかしがりな
|
|
|
cozen
|
v. trick or deceive someone; だます
|
|
|
crabbed
|
adj. small and difficult to read; 気難しい、意地の悪い
|
|
|
crass
|
adj. very stupid and showing no sympathy or understanding; 鈍い、鈍感な、粗野な
|
|
|
credence
|
n. a quality that an idea or a story has that makes you believe it is true; 信用
|
|
|
credo
|
n. a set of beliefs; 信条
|
|
|
credulity
|
n. the ability or willingness to believe that something is real or true; 信じやすいこと
|
|
|
creed
|
n. a set of principles or religious beliefs; 信念、教義、信条
|
|
|
crescendo
|
n. a gradual increase in how loudly a piece of music is played or sung; クレッシェンド、最高潮
|
|
|
crestfallen
|
adj. sad and disappointed because you have failed and you did not expect to; うなだれた、意気消沈した
|
|
|
crevice
|
n. a narrow crack in a rock or wall; （地面や岩の）割れ目、隙間
|
|
|
cringe
|
v. move back and/or away from someone because you are afraid; feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable about something; 縮こまる、縮み上がる
|
|
|
criteria
|
n. a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made; 基準
|
|
|
crone
|
n. an ugly old woman; 〈軽蔑的〉〔しわだらけで醜い〕老婦人
|
|
|
crotchety
|
adj. bad-tempered; easily made angry; 気まぐれな、偏屈な
|
|
|
crux
|
n. the most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue; 最も重要な点
|
|
|
cryptic
|
adj. with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; 不可解な、秘密の
|
|
|
crypt
|
n. a room under the floor of a church, used especially in the past as a place for burying people; 穴蔵、〔納骨用の〕地下室
|
|
|
cubicle
|
n. a small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room; パーティション、小個室
|
|
|
cuisine
|
n. a style of cooking; 調理法
|
|
|
culinary
|
adj. connected with cooking or food; 料理の
|
|
|
cull
|
v. kill a particular number of animals of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large; 〔最上のものを〕選択する、〔役に立たなくなった動物を〕処分する
|
|
|
culmination
|
n. the highest point or end of something, usually happening after a long time; 最高点、絶頂
|
|
|
culpable
|
adj. responsible and deserving blame for having done something wrong; 責められるべき、非難に値する
|
|
|
culvert
|
n. a tunnel that carries a river or a pipe for water under a road; 排水溝
|
|
|
cumbersome
|
adj. large and heavy; difficult to carry; slow and complicated; 扱いにくい、厄介な
|
|
|
cumulative
|
adj. having a result that increases in strength or importance each time more of something is added; including all the amounts that have been added previously; 累積した、累積の
|
|
|
cupidity
|
n. a strong desire for more wealth, possessions, power, etc. than a person needs; 〔並外れた〕金銭欲、物欲
|
|
|
curator
|
n. a person whose job is to be in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or art gallery, etc.; 〔博物館・美術館などの〕館長
|
|
|
curmudgeon
|
n. a bad-tempered person, often an old one; 扱いにくい人、意地の悪い人
|
|
|
cursive
|
adj. with the letters joined together; 草書体の
|
|
|
cursory
|
adj. done quickly and without giving enough attention to details; 大急ぎで行う、大ざっぱな
|
|
|
curtail
|
v. limit something or make it last for a shorter time; 縮小する、削減する、切り詰める
|
|
|
cynical
|
adj. believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons; not believing that something good will happen or that something is important; 冷笑的な、ひねくれた
|
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cynosure
|
n. a person or thing that is the center of attention; 注目［称賛］の中心［的］
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dabble
|
adj. take part in a sport, an activity, etc., but not very seriously; move your hands, feet, etc. around in water; ちょっと手を出す、かじる、水をかける
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dais
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n. a stage, especially at one end of a room, on which people stand to make speeches to an audience; 〔貴賓用の〕高座
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dally
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v. do something too slowly; take too much time making a decision; いいかげんに処理する、時間を無駄に過ごす
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damp
|
adj. slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant; 湿気のある、湿らせる、〔勢い・やる気などを〕そぐ
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dank
|
adj. damp, cold, and unpleasant; 湿っぽい
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dapper
|
adj. small with a neat appearance and nice clothes; 〔身なりが〕こざっぱりした、こぎれいな
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dappled
|
adj. marked with spots of color, or shade; まだらの
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daub
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v. spread a substance such as paint, mud, etc., thickly and/or carelessly onto something; 塗りつける、塗りつぶす
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dauntless
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adj. not easily frightened or stopped from doing something difficult; くじけない、不屈の、勇敢な
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dawdle
|
v. take a long time to do something or go somewhere; 〔無駄に〕時間を費やす
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deadlock
|
n. a complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument; 行き詰まり、手詰まり状態
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deadpan
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adj. without any expression or emotion; often pretending to be serious when you are joking; 無表情な、無味乾燥な
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dearth
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n. a lack of something; the fact of there not being enough of something; 不足、欠乏
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debacle
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n. an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment; 総崩れ、崩壊、大災害
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debase
|
v. make someone or something less valuable or respected; （品位や評価を）落とす
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debauch
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v. make someone immoral in their sexual behavior, drinks a lot of alcohol, takes drugs, etc.; 堕落させる、誘惑する
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debilitate
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v. make someone's body or mind weaker; make a country, an organization, etc., weaker; 衰弱させる、弱体化させる
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debonair
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adj. fashionable and confident; 礼儀正しい、愛想の良い
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debris
|
n. pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc., that are left after something has been destroyed; がらくた、がれき
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debunk
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v. show that an idea, a belief, etc., is false; show that something is not as good as people think it is; 誤りを暴く、偽りであることを証明する
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debutante
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n. a young, rich woman who is going to upper-class social events for the first time; デビューする女性、初舞台を踏む女性
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decadence
|
n. behavior, attitudes, etc., that show a fall in standards, especially moral ones, and an interest in pleasure and enjoyment rather than more serious things; 退廃、堕落
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decant
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v. pour liquid, especially wine, from one container into another; 静かに注ぐ
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decapitate
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v. cut off someone's head; 首を切る
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decelerate
|
v. reduce the speed at which something, especially a vehicle, is traveling; become or make something become slower; 減速する
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deciduous
|
adj. that loses its leaves every year; 〔髪・毛などが〕抜け落ちる、《植物》落葉性の
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decimate
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v. kill large numbers of animals, plants, or people in a particular area; severely damage something or make something weaker; 10人に1人の割合で殺す
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decipher
|
v. succeed in finding the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand; 読み解く、解読する
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declivity
|
n. a downward slope, esp. of the ground; 〔地面の〕下り坂
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decollete
|
adj. the top edge of a woman's dress, etc. that is designed to be very low in order to show her shoulders and the top part of her breasts; デコルテの、深い襟ぐりの
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decomposition
|
n. be destroyed gradually by natural chemical processes; 腐敗
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decoy
|
n. an animal or a bird, or a model of one, that attracts other animals or birds, especially so that they can be shot by people who are hunting them; おとり、おびき寄せる
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decrepitude
|
n. the state of being old and in poor condition or health; 老衰、老朽
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decry
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v. strongly criticize someone or something, especially publicly; 公然と非難する、けなす
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deducible
|
adj. forming an opinion about something based on the information or evidence that is available; 演繹可能な、推論可能な
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deface
|
v. damage the appearance of something, especially by drawing or writing on it; 外観を損なう
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defame
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v. harm someone by saying or writing bad or false things about them; 中傷する、そしる
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defeatist
|
n. a person expecting not to succeed, and showing it in a particular situation; 敗北主義者の
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defection
|
n. to leave a political party, country, etc. to join another that is considered to be an enemy; 亡命、離脱、欠陥
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defer
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v. delay something until a later time; 延ばす、延期する、〔人の判断などを尊重して〕～に任せる
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defiance
|
n. open refusal to obey someone or something; 果敢な抵抗、挑戦
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defile
|
v. make something dirty or no longer pure, especially something that people consider important or holy; ～の美観を損なう、汚す、冒涜する
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definitive
|
adj. final; not able to be changed; 最も信頼のおける、最も確実な、決定的な
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deflect
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v. change direction or make something change direction, especially after hitting something; そらす、屈折させる
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defoliate
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v. destroy the leaves of trees or plants, especially with chemicals; 落葉させる
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defray
|
v. give someone back the money that they have spent on something; 〔～の費用を〕支払う、負担する
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defrock
|
v. officially remove a priest from his or her job, because he or she has done something wrong; ～から聖職［特権］を剥奪する
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deft
|
adj. skillful and quick; 器用な、腕の良い
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defunct
|
adj. no longer existing, operating, or being used; 現存しない、機能していない、故人
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degenerate
|
v. become worse, for example by becoming lower in quality or weaker; 退化する、悪化する
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degradation
|
n. the degradation of being sent to prison; 不名誉、体面を傷つけること、〔地位の〕格下げ、悪化
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dehydrate
|
v. remove the water from something, especially food, in order to preserve it; 水分を取り除く、脱水する
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deify
|
v. treat or worship someone as a god; 神格化する
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deign
|
v. do something in a way that shows you think you are too important to do it; 〔恐れ多くも～して〕くださる
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deleterious
|
adj. harmful and damaging; 有害な
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delete
|
v. remove something that has been written or printed, or that has been stored on a computer; 削除する
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deliberate
|
v. think very carefully about something, usually before making a decision; 熟考する
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delirium
|
n. a mental state where someone becomes delirious, usually because of illness; 狂乱状態
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delta
|
n. an area of land, shaped like a triangle, where a river has split into several smaller rivers before entering the ocean; 三角州
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delude
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v. make someone believe something that is not true; だます
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deluge
|
n. a sudden, very heavy fall of rain; a large number of things that happen or arrive at the same time; 大雨、豪雨、大洪水、〔大量のものが〕～に押し寄せる
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delusion
|
n. a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation; 誤った信念、思い込み
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delusive
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adj. not real or true; 人を惑わせる
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delve
|
v. search for something inside a bag, container, etc.; 地面を深く掘る、掘り下げて調査する
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demagogue
|
n. a political leader who tries to win support by using arguments based on emotion rather than reason; 扇動政治家、民衆扇動家
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demeanor
|
n. the way that someone looks or behaves; 態度、振る舞い
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demean
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v. do something that makes people have less respect for you; 品位を落す
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demented
|
adj. behaving or thinking in a crazy way, especially because you are extremely upset or worried; 発狂した
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demise
|
n. the end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, etc.; 死亡、死去、〔活動などの〕終焉、消滅
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demographic
|
n. data relating to the population and different groups within it; 人口統計（学）の
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demolition
|
n. to completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else; 破壊、破滅、滅亡
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demoniac
|
adj. connected with, or like, a demon; 悪魔のような、邪悪な
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demotic
|
adj. used by or typical of ordinary people; 民衆の
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demure
|
adj. behaving in a way that does not attract attention to herself or her body; quiet and serious; 慎み深い、控えめな
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demur
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v. say that you do not agree with something or that you refuse to do something; 異議を唱える、異議、反対
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denizen
|
n. a person, an animal, or a plant that lives, grows, or is often found in a particular place; 居住者
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denotation
|
n. the act of naming something with a word; the actual object or idea to which the word refers; 〔語の〕明示的意味
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denouement
|
n. the end of a play, book, etc., in which everything is explained or settled; the end result of a situation; 結末、終局
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denounce
|
v. strongly criticize someone or something that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.; 〔公然と〕非難する、告発する
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depict
|
v. show an image of someone or something in a picture; 描く、描写する
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deplete
|
v. reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; 〔保有物・資源などを〕消耗する、使い果たす
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deplore
|
v. strongly disapprove of something and criticize it, especially publicly; 残念に思う、非難する
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deploy
|
v. move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action; 〔軍隊などを〕配備する
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depose
|
v. remove someone, especially a ruler, from power; 退位させる
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deposition
|
n. (law) a formal statement, taken from someone and used in court; 宣誓証言
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depravity
|
n. the state of being morally bad; 堕落、腐敗
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deprecate
|
v. feel and express strong disapproval of something or someone, often yourself; 反対する
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depreciate
|
v. become less valuable over a period of time; ～の価値を下げる、減価償却する
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depredation
|
n. acts that cause damage to people's property, lives, etc.; 略奪行為
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derange
|
v. make someone unable to behave and think normally, especially because of mental illness; 混乱させる、狂わせる
|
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|
derelict
|
adj. (especially of land or buildings) not used or cared for and in bad condition; 放置された、遺棄された
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dermatologist
|
n. a doctor who studies and treats skin diseases; 皮膚科医
|
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derogatory
|
adj. showing a critical attitude toward someone; 軽蔑的な
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|
descry
|
v. suddenly see someone or something; 〔遠くにあるものを〕見つける
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desecrate
|
v. damage a holy thing or place or treat it without respect; 〔～の〕神聖を汚す
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desolate
|
adj. empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened; 〔場所などが〕無人の、人けのない、〔人が〕わびしい、孤独の
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|
desperado
|
n. a man who does dangerous and criminal things without caring about himself or other people; 無法者、ならず者
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despise
|
v. dislike and have no respect for someone or something; 軽蔑する
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|
despoil
|
v. steal something valuable from a place; make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying it; 〔人から～を〕強奪する
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despondent
|
adj. sad, without much hope; 落胆した、意気消沈した
|
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despot
|
n. a ruler with great power, especially one who uses it in a cruel way; 専制君主、独裁者
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destitute
|
adj. without money, food, and the other things necessary for life; 極貧の、全く無い
|
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desuetude
|
n. the condition of not being in use or practice; disuse; 廃止
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detached
|
adj. not influenced by other people or by your own feelings; 分離した、孤立した
|
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|
determinate
|
adj. fixed and definite; （すでに）決定されている、確定された
|
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|
determination
|
n. the quality that makes you continue trying to do something even when this is difficult; 決定、決意、測定
|
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|
detonation
|
n. an explosion; the action of making something explode; 爆発
|
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|
detraction
|
v. to make something seem less good or enjoyable; 減損
|
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|
detrimental
|
adj. harmful; 有害な、不利な
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|
deviate
|
v. be different from something; do something in a different way from what is usual or expected; 外れる、逸脱する
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devious
|
adj. behaving in a dishonest or indirect way, or tricking people, in order to get something ; 素直でない、不正な、曲がりくねった
|
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|
devise
|
v.. invent something new or a new way of doing something; 発明する、ひねり出す
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|
devoid
|
v. completely lacking in something; 欠けている
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|
devolve
|
v. given to you by someone at a higher level of authority; receive something after someone dies; 〔義務・財産などが〕移る、譲渡される
|
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devotee
|
n. a person who admires and is very enthusiastic about someone or something; 心酔者、愛好者
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|
devout
|
adj. believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its laws and practices; 敬虔な、信心深い
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|
dexterous
|
adj. skillful with your hands; skillfully done; 器用な、巧妙な
|
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|
diabolical
|
adj. (informal) extremely bad or annoying; 悪魔の（ような）、魔性の
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|
diadem
|
n. a crown, worn especially as a sign of royal power; 王冠
|
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|
dialectical
|
adj. related to a method of discovering the truth of ideas by discussion and logical argument, and by considering ideas that are opposed to each other; 弁証法の、弁証法的な
|
|
|
diaphanous
|
adj. so light and fine that you can almost see through it; 透けて見える、透明な
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|
dictum
|
n. a statement that expresses something that people believe is always true or should be followed; 公式見解、正式な声明、ことわざ
|
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|
didactic
|
adj. designed to teach people something, especially a moral lesson; 教訓的な、説教的な
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|
die
|
n. a block of metal with a special shape, or with a pattern cut into it, that is used for shaping other pieces of metal such as coins, or for making patterns on paper or leather; 〔金属板などの〕型打ち機
|
|
|
dilapidated
|
adj. old and in very bad condition; 〔建物・車などが〕荒廃した、荒れ果てた
|
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|
dilate
|
v. become or to make something larger, wider, or more open; 〔体の器官が〕広がる、拡張する
|
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|
dilatory
|
adj. not acting quickly enough; causing delay; 遅れがちな
|
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|
dilemma
|
n. a situation that makes problems, often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance; ジレンマ、〔二者択一の〕板挟み
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|
dilettante
|
n. a person who does or studies something but is not serious about it and does not have much knowledge; 芸術愛好家、素人芸術家
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diligence
|
n. careful and thorough work or effort; 勤勉
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|
dilute
|
v. make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it; 〔液体を〕薄める、～の強度を弱める
|
|
|
diminution
|
n. the act of reducing something or of being reduced; 減少
|
|
|
dinghy
|
n. a small open boat that you sail or row; 小さなボート、ゴムボート
|
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|
dingy
|
adj. dark and dirty; くすんだ、薄汚い
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|
dint
|
n. mean; way; 方法、努力
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|
din
|
n. a loud, unpleasant noise that lasts for a long time; 〔やかましく鳴り響く〕騒音、どよめき
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|
diorama
|
n. a model representing a scene with figures, especially in a museum; ジオラマ（館）、透視画
|
|
|
dire
|
adj. very serious; (of a warning or threat) predicting disaster; 悲惨な、不吉な、ものすごい、緊急の
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|
|
disaffected
|
adj. no longer satisfied with your situation, organization, belief, etc. and therefore not loyal to it; 〔政府などに対して〕不平［不満］を抱いている、不忠実な
|
|
|
disapprobation
|
n. disapproval of someone or something that you think is morally wrong; 不同意、不賛成
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|
|
disarray
|
n. a state of confusion and lack of organization in a situation or a place; 混乱、無秩序（状態）、混乱させる
|
|
|
disavowal
|
n. to state publicly that you have no knowledge of something or that you are not responsible for something or someone; 〔知識・責任・関与などの〕否定、否認
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|
|
disband
|
v. stop someone or something from operating as a group; separate or no longer operate as a group; 解散する、解体する
|
|
|
disburse
|
v. pay money to someone from a large amount that has been collected for a purpose; 支払う、支出する
|
|
|
discernible
|
adj. being able to be known, recognized, or understood; 認められる、認識できる
|
|
|
disclaim
|
v. state publicly that you have no knowledge of something, or that you are not responsible for something; 否認する、放棄する
|
|
|
disclose
|
v. give someone information about something, especially something that was previously secret; 開示する、暴露する
|
|
|
discombobulated
|
adj. confused; drunken; 混乱した、酒に酔った
|
|
|
discomfit
|
v. make someone feel confused or embarrassed; 当惑させる、まごつかせる、打ち負かす
|
|
|
disconcert
|
v. make someone feel anxious, confused, or embarrassed; 人の心を乱す、まごつかせる
|
|
|
disconsolate
|
adj. very unhappy and disappointed; わびしい、絶望的な、やるせない
|
|
|
discord
|
n. disagreement; arguing; 不和、不一致
|
|
|
discount
|
v. think or say that something is not important or not true; 無視する、軽視する
|
|
|
discourse
|
n. a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing; 談話
|
|
|
discretion
|
n. the freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation; 分別、思慮、思慮深さ
|
|
|
discriminating
|
adj. able to judge the good quality of something; 識別力のある、差別的な
|
|
|
discursive
|
adj. moving from one point to another without any strict structure; 散漫な、とりとめのない
|
|
|
disdain
|
v. think that someone or something is not good enough to deserve your respect; 軽蔑する、見下す
|
|
|
disembark
|
v. leave a vehicle, especially a ship or an aircraft, at the end of a journey; 上陸する、〔船や飛行機から～を〕降ろす
|
|
|
disenfranchise
|
v. take away someone's rights, especially their right to vote; 〔人から〕公民権［選挙権など］を奪う
|
|
|
disengage
|
v. free someone or something from the person or thing that is holding them or it; to become free; 解放する、離す、解く
|
|
|
disfigure
|
v. spoil the appearance of a person, thing, or place; ～の外観を損なう、外観を台無しにする
|
|
|
disgorge
|
v. pour something out in large quantities; 引き渡す、〔勢いよく～を〕吐き出す、〔口から～を〕吐く
|
|
|
disgruntle
|
v. annoy or disappoint someone because something has happened to upset you; 不機嫌にさせる
|
|
|
dishearten
|
v. make someone lose hope or confidence; 落胆させる
|
|
|
disheveled
|
adj. very messy; 〔服装・髪などが〕乱れた、だらしない
|
|
|
disinclination
|
n. a lack of willingness to do something; a lack of enthusiasm for something; 気が進まないこと、嫌気
|
|
|
disinter
|
v. dig up something, especially a dead body, from the ground; 〔墓から死体などを〕掘り出す、～を明るみに出す
|
|
|
disjunction
|
n. a difference between two things that you would expect to be in agreement with each other; 分離、分裂
|
|
|
dislodge
|
v. force or knock something out of its position; 除去する、取り除く
|
|
|
dismantle
|
v. take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces; 分解する
|
|
|
dismember
|
v. cut or tear the dead body of a person or an animal into pieces; 〔国土などを〕分割する、～の手足を切断する
|
|
|
disparity
|
n. a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment; 格差、差異、相違
|
|
|
dispassionate
|
adj. not influenced by emotion; 〔物事の見方などが〕個人的感情によらない、公平な
|
|
|
dispatch
|
n. a message or report sent quickly from one military officer to another or between government officials; 〔仕事などの〕素早さ、効率の良さ、〔新聞記者などの〕記事、特報、〔部隊などを〕派遣する
|
|
|
dispel
|
v. make something, especially a feeling or belief, go away or disappear; 〔考えや想いなどを〕追い払う、払拭する
|
|
|
disperse
|
v. move apart and go away in different directions; make someone or something do this; 散らす、普及させる
|
|
|
dispirited
|
adj. having no hope or enthusiasm; 元気のない、意気消沈した
|
|
|
disport
|
v. enjoy yourself by doing something active; 楽しませる
|
|
|
disputatious
|
adj. being fond of discussion; 論争好きな、議論好きな
|
|
|
disquietude
|
n. feelings of worry and unhappiness about something; 不安（な状態）、心配
|
|
|
disquisition
|
n. a long complicated speech or written report on a particular subject; 詳細で長い説明［論文など］
|
|
|
dissection
|
n. to cut up a dead person, an animal, or a plant in order to study it; 解体、解剖、詳細な分析
|
|
|
dissent
|
v. have or express opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted; 異議を唱える、反対する
|
|
|
dissertation
|
n. a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree; （学位）論文
|
|
|
dissident
|
adj. disagreeing with and criticizing their government, especially in a country where this kind of action is dangerous; 意見を異にする、異なる
|
|
|
dissimulate
|
v. hide your real feelings or intentions, often by pretending to have different ones; 〔本心や真意などを〕偽る、隠す
|
|
|
dissipate
|
v. gradually become or make something become weaker until it disappears; 〔雲などを〕散らす、〔時間・金などを〕浪費する
|
|
|
dissuade
|
v. persuade someone not to do something; （人）に説得して〔当初予定していた行動を〕やめさせる
|
|
|
distant
|
adj. not friendly; not wanting a close relationship with someone; 遠い、他人行儀な、よそよそしい
|
|
|
distinction
|
n. a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related; 区別、差別、名声
|
|
|
distort
|
v. change the shape, appearance, or sound of something so that it is strange or not clear; 曲げる、歪める
|
|
|
distrait
|
adj. Distracted or absentminded; 〔不安のために〕心が奪われた、上の空の
|
|
|
distraught
|
adj. extremely upset and anxious so that you cannot think clearly; 取り乱した、困惑した
|
|
|
diurnal
|
adj. active during the day; 昼間の、日中の
|
|
|
diva
|
n. a famous woman singer, especially an opera singer; 歌姫、花形女性歌手
|
|
|
divergent
|
adj. Tending to be different or develop in different directions; 相違する、発散する
|
|
|
diverse
|
adj. very different from each other and of various kinds; 様々な、種々の
|
|
|
diversion
|
n. the act of changing the direction that someone or something is following, or what something is used for; 気晴らし、気分転換
|
|
|
diversity
|
n. a range of many people or things that are very different from each other; the quality or fact of including a range of many people or things; 多様性
|
|
|
divine
|
v. find out something by guessing; 〔占いによって〕～を予言する、〔直感によって〕～と分かる
|
|
|
divulge
|
v. give someone information that is supposed to be secret; 〔秘密などを〕漏らす、打ち明ける
|
|
|
docile
|
adj. quiet and easy to control; 従順な、素直な、おとなしい
|
|
|
docket
|
n. a list of cases to be dealt with in a particular court; 訴訟事件一覧表
|
|
|
doctrinaire
|
adj. strictly following a theory in all circumstances, even if there are practical problems or disagreement; 空論家、空論の、狂信的な
|
|
|
doctrine
|
n. a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, a political party, etc.; 教義、信条、原則
|
|
|
doddering
|
adj. weak, slow, and not able to walk in a steady way, especially because you are old; 〔老齢などで〕よぼよぼの
|
|
|
doff
|
v. take off your hat, especially to show respect for someone or something; 〔洋服や帽子などを〕脱ぐ
|
|
|
dogged
|
adj. showing determination; not giving up easily; 根気強い、粘り強い、頑固な
|
|
|
doggerel
|
n. poetry that is badly written or ridiculous, sometimes because the writer has not intended it to be serious; 下手な詩
|
|
|
doldrums
|
n. the state of feeling sad or depressed; a lack of activity or improvement; 憂鬱、不振
|
|
|
doleful
|
adj. very sad; 悲しげな
|
|
|
dolorous
|
adj. feeling or showing great sadness; 悲しみに満ちた、悲しそうな
|
|
|
dolt
|
n. a stupid person; ばか、間抜け
|
|
|
domicile
|
n. the place where someone lives, especially when it is stated for official or legal purposes; 居住地、自宅
|
|
|
domineer
|
v. control other people without considering their opinions or feelings; 独裁的に支配する、威張り散らす
|
|
|
don
|
v. put clothes, etc. on; 〔帽子などを〕着用する
|
|
|
dormer
|
n. a vertical window in a room that is built into a sloping roof; 屋根窓
|
|
|
dorsal
|
adj. on or connected with the back of a fish or an animal; 〔動物の〕背面の、背部の
|
|
|
dossier
|
n. a collection of documents that contain information about a person, an event, or a subject; 関係書類、調査書類
|
|
|
dotage
|
n. to be old and not always able to think clearly; もうろく、ぼけ
|
|
|
dote
|
v. feel and show great love for someone, ignoring their faults; 溺愛する
|
|
|
dour
|
adj. giving the impression of being unfriendly and severe; 気難しい、不機嫌な
|
|
|
douse
|
v. stop a fire from burning by pouring water over it; put out a light; ～に（水を）浴びせる、～をずぶぬれにする
|
|
|
dowdy
|
v. not attractive or fashionable; dull or boring and not attractive;〔服装などが〕みすぼらしい、だらしない
|
|
|
downcast
|
adj. looking down; うつむいた、意気消沈した
|
|
|
drab
|
adj. without interest or color; dull and boring; 淡褐色の、くすんだ、活気のない
|
|
|
draconian
|
adj. extremely cruel and severe; 〔罰などが〕過酷な、極めて厳しい
|
|
|
dreg
|
n. the last parts of something; くず
|
|
|
drivel
|
n. silly nonsense; たわ言、愚痴
|
|
|
droll
|
adj. amusing, but not in a way that you expect; ひょうきんな、おどけた、からかう
|
|
|
drone
|
n. a continuous low noise; 怠け者、雄バチ、ダラダラと単調に話す、ブンブンうなる
|
|
|
dross
|
n. something of very low quality; the least valuable part of something; くず、無価値なもの
|
|
|
drudgery
|
n. hard boring work; 単調でつまらない仕事
|
|
|
dubious
|
adj. not certain and slightly suspicious about something; not knowing whether something is good or bad; 〔人が物事を〕疑わしく思う、〔人物や話などが〕怪しげな
|
|
|
ductile
|
adj. that can be made into a thin wire; 延性のある、可塑性の、素直な
|
|
|
dulcet
|
adj. sounding sweet and pleasant; 耳に快い、旋律が美しい
|
|
|
dumbfound
|
adj. surprise or shock someone so much that they are unable to speak; あきれさせる、びっくりさせる
|
|
|
duplicity
|
n. dishonest behavior that is intended to make someone believe something that is not true; 〔人をだまそうとする〕不誠実な行為、二枚舌
|
|
|
duration
|
n. the length of time that something lasts or continues; 持続期間
|
|
|
duress
|
n. threats or force that are used to make someone do something; 脅し、無理強い
|
|
|
dutiful
|
adj. doing everything that you are expected to do; willing to obey and to show respect; 忠実な、従順な
|
|
|
dwindle
|
v. become gradually less or smaller; だんだん小さくなる、縮小する
|
|
|
dynamic
|
adj. having a lot of energy and a strong personality; 力強い、活動的な、原動力
|
|
|
dyspeptic
|
adj. connected with or suffering from dyspepsia; bad-tempered; 《医》消化不良の
|
|
|
earthy
|
adj. concerned with the body, sex, etc. in an open and direct way that some people find rude or embarrassing; of or like earth or soil; 世俗的な、俗っぽい、粗野な、土の
|
|
|
ebb
|
v. move away from the land; 引く、衰退する
|
|
|
eccentricity
|
n. behavior that people think is strange or unusual; the quality of being unusual and different from other people; 奇行、偏心
|
|
|
eccentric
|
adj. considered by other people to be strange or unusual; （一風）変わった、突飛な、偏心の
|
|
|
ecclesiastic
|
n. a priest or minister in the Christian Church; 聖職者
|
|
|
eclipse
|
v. cause an eclipse; make someone or something seem dull or unimportant by comparison; 暗くする、輝きを失わせる、～を上回る
|
|
|
ecologist
|
n. a scientist who studies ecology; 生態学者
|
|
|
economy
|
n. the use of the time, money, etc. that is available in a way that avoids waste; 〔動き・言葉などの〕簡潔さ、無駄のなさ
|
|
|
ecstasy
|
n. a feeling or state of very great happiness; 無我夢中、恍惚、有頂天
|
|
|
eddy
|
n. a movement of air, dust, or water in a circle; 渦
|
|
|
edict
|
n. an official order or statement given by someone in authority; 布告、政令、法令
|
|
|
edify
|
v. improve people's minds or character by teaching them about something; 〔話・文章・芸術品などが〕（人）を啓発する
|
|
|
eerie
|
adj. strange, mysterious, and frightening; 不気味な、ぞっとする
|
|
|
efface
|
v. make something disappear; remove something; 〔絵・文字・痕跡などを〕こすって消す、削除する
|
|
|
effectual
|
adj. producing the result that was intended; 有効な、効果的な
|
|
|
effeminate
|
adj. looking, behaving, or sounding like a woman or a girl; 〔男が〕女のような、女らしい
|
|
|
effervescence
|
n. being excited, enthusiastic, and full of energy; having or producing small bubbles of gas; 興奮、はつらつさ、沸騰、泡立ち
|
|
|
effete
|
adj. without strength; looking or behaving like a woman; weak; 〔果樹・家畜が〕産出力のない、〔人・制度などが〕疲弊した、衰退した
|
|
|
effigy
|
n. a statue of a famous person, a saint or a god; a model of a person that makes them look ugly;（何かを）かたどった物、肖像
|
|
|
effluvium
|
n. an unpleasant or harmful odor, secretion, or discharge.; 残余物、〔残余物から出る〕悪臭
|
|
|
effusion
|
n. something, especially a liquid, that flows out of someone or something; the act of flowing out; 流出、〔感情などの〕吐露
|
|
|
effusive
|
adj. showing much or too much emotion; 感情をあらわ［むき出し］にした
|
|
|
egoism
|
n. the fact of thinking that you are better or more important than anyone else; うぬぼれ、利己主義
|
|
|
egotistical
|
adj. thinking that you are better or more important than anyone else; うぬぼれの強い、自己中心的な
|
|
|
egregious
|
adj. extremely bad; 実にひどい、とんでもない
|
|
|
egress
|
n. the act of leaving a place; 退出、脱出
|
|
|
elaboration
|
n. to explain or describe something in a more detailed way; 入念に作り上げること、精巧さ
|
|
|
elated
|
adj. very happy and excited because of something good that has happened, or will happen; 鼻を高くして、大得意で
|
|
|
elixir
|
n. a magic liquid that is believed to cure illnesses or to make people live forever; 万能薬
|
|
|
ellipsis
|
n. the act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them; 省略
|
|
|
elliptical
|
adj. with a word or words left out of a sentence deliberately; 楕円形の、〔言葉が省略され過ぎて〕あいまいな
|
|
|
eloquence
|
n. to be able to use language and express your opinions well, especially when you are speaking in public; 雄弁、能弁
|
|
|
elucidate
|
v. make something clearer by explaining it more fully; 解明する、明瞭にする
|
|
|
elusive
|
adj. difficult to find, define, or achieve; 手に入りにくい、見つかりにくい、理解しにくい
|
|
|
elysian
|
adj. relating to heaven or to a place of perfect happiness; エリュシオン(Elysium)の、この上なく幸福な
|
|
|
emaciated
|
adj. thin and weak, usually because of illness or lack of food; やせ衰えた、衰弱した
|
|
|
emanate
|
v. produce or show something; 出る、発する、生じる
|
|
|
emancipate
|
v. free someone, especially from legal, political, or social restrictions; 解放する、自由にする
|
|
|
embargo
|
n. an official order that bans trade with another country; 出入港の禁止命令、通商禁止
|
|
|
embark
|
v. get onto a ship; put something onto a ship; 乗船する、着手する
|
|
|
embed
|
v. fix something firmly into a substance or solid object; 〔物を〕埋め込む、組み込む
|
|
|
embezzlement
|
n. to steal money that you are responsible for or that belongs to your employer; 横領、着服
|
|
|
emboss
|
v. put a raised design or piece of writing on paper, leather, etc.; 浮き彫りにする、エンボス加工にする
|
|
|
embrace
|
v. put your arms around someone as a sign of love or friendship; 抱き締める、喜んで応じる、抱擁
|
|
|
embroider
|
v. decorate cloth with a pattern of stitches, usually using colored thread; ～に刺繍をする
|
|
|
embroil
|
v. involve someone/yourself in an argument or a difficult situation; 巻き込む、混乱させる
|
|
|
embryonic
|
adj. (formal) in an early stage of development; 萌芽期の、初期の、未発達の
|
|
|
emendation
|
n. a letter or word that has been changed or corrected in a text; the act of making changes to a text; 〔文書などの〕校正、修正
|
|
|
emend
|
v. remove the mistakes in a piece of writing, especially before it is printed; 〔文書などを〕校正する、修正する
|
|
|
emetic
|
n. a substance that makes you vomit; 吐剤
|
|
|
eminent
|
adj. famous and respected, especially in a particular profession; 素晴らしい、著名な
|
|
|
emissary
|
n. a person who is sent to deliver an official message, especially from one country to another, or to perform a special task; 使節、使者
|
|
|
emollient
|
adj. used for making your skin soft or less painful; 皮膚軟化剤、〔皮膚などを〕柔らかにする
|
|
|
emolument
|
n. money paid to someone for work they have done, especially to someone who earns a lot of money; 報酬、給与
|
|
|
empathy
|
n. the ability to understand another person's feelings, experience, etc.; 共感、感情移入
|
|
|
enamored
|
adj. (often in negative sentences) liking something a lot; 夢中になった、魅惑された
|
|
|
encipher
|
v. convert (a message or piece of text) into a coded form; encrypt; 〔文書などを〕暗号化する
|
|
|
enclave
|
n. a small area of a city or country where the people have a different religion, culture, or nationality from those who live in the city or country that surrounds it; 飛び地、飛び領土
|
|
|
encomiastic
|
adj. formally expressing praise; 称賛の、褒め称える
|
|
|
encomium
|
n. a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly; 称賛、賛辞
|
|
|
encompass
|
v. include a large number or range of things; 包囲する、包含する
|
|
|
encroachment
|
n. to begin to affect or use up too much of someone's time, rights, personal life, etc.; 侵略、侵害
|
|
|
encumber
|
v. make it difficult for someone to do something or for something to happen; 重荷を負わせる、妨げる
|
|
|
endearment
|
n. a word or an expression that is used to show affection; 愛情を示す行為［言葉］
|
|
|
endorse
|
v. say publicly that you support a person, statement, or course of action; 承認する、支持する
|
|
|
endue
|
v. endow or provide with a quality or ability; 〔神・自然などが人に資質・才能などを〕授ける、与える
|
|
|
enduring
|
adj. lasting for a long time; 長続きする、永続的な
|
|
|
energize
|
v. make someone enthusiastic about something; ～にエネルギーを与える、活性化する
|
|
|
enfranchise
|
v. give someone the right to vote in an election; 公民権［参政権］を与える
|
|
|
engage
|
v. succeed in attracting and keeping someone's attention and interest; 従事させる、没頭させる、雇う、約束する
|
|
|
engaging
|
adj. interesting or pleasant in a way that attracts your attention; 興味をそそる、魅力的な
|
|
|
engross
|
v. give something all your attention and time; 買い占める、独占する
|
|
|
enigmatic
|
adj. mysterious and difficult to understand; 謎のような、不思議な
|
|
|
enigma
|
n. a person, thing, or situation that is mysterious and difficult to understand; 謎
|
|
|
enjoin
|
v. order or strongly advise someone to do something; say that a particular action or quality is necessary; 命じる、禁止する
|
|
|
enmity
|
n. feelings of hatred toward someone; 悪意、憎しみ
|
|
|
ennui
|
n. feelings of being bored and not satisfied because nothing interesting is happening; 倦怠、退屈
|
|
|
enormity
|
n. the very great size, effect, etc. of something; the fact of something being very serious; 巨大さ、極悪、大罪
|
|
|
enrapture
|
v. give someone great pleasure or joy; うっとりさせる、有頂天にさせる
|
|
|
ensconce
|
v. make yourself comfortable and safe in that place or position; 身を隠す、安置する
|
|
|
ensue
|
v. happen after or as a result of another event; 結果として起きる
|
|
|
entail
|
v. involve something that cannot be avoided; 必要とする
|
|
|
enterprising
|
adj. having or showing the ability to think of new projects or new ways of doing things and make them successful; 進取的な、積極的な
|
|
|
enthrall
|
v. make someone give all your attention to something because it is so interesting, beautiful, etc.; 〔頭から離れなくなるほど〕夢中にさせる、魅了する
|
|
|
entice
|
v. persuade someone or something to go somewhere or to do something, usually by offering them something; 誘惑する
|
|
|
entity
|
n. something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity; 実在するもの、実在物
|
|
|
entomology
|
n. the scientific study of insects; 昆虫学
|
|
|
entrance
|
v. make someone feel great pleasure and admiration so that they give someone or something all their attention; 夢中にさせる、うっとりさせる
|
|
|
entreat
|
v. ask someone to do something in a serious and often emotional way; 懇願する、切望する
|
|
|
entree
|
n. the right or ability to enter a social group or institution; 〔入りにくい所への〕入場(権)
|
|
|
entrepreneur
|
n. a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks; 起業家、企業家、請負人
|
|
|
enumerate
|
v. name things on a list one by one; 列挙する、数え上げる
|
|
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enunciate
|
v. say or pronounce words clearly; 明確に発音する、明確に述べる
|
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|
environ
|
v. encircle, surround; 取り巻く、囲む
|
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eon
|
n. an extremely long period of time; thousands of years; 永劫、無限に長い年月、《地質》累代
|
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epaulet
|
n. a decoration on the shoulder of a coat, jacket, etc., especially when part of a military uniform; 〔軍服などの〕肩章
|
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epicure
|
n. a person who enjoys food and drink of high quality and knows a lot about it; 美食家
|
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epic
|
n. a long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation's history; this style of poetry; 叙事詩、叙事詩的な大作、壮大な
|
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epigram
|
n. a short poem or phrase that expresses an idea in an amusing way; 短くて人の胸を突く言葉［表現］、警句
|
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|
epilogue
|
n. a speech, etc. at the end of a play, book, or movie that comments on or acts as a conclusion to what has happened; 〔小説や映画などの〕終章、終末部
|
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episodic
|
adj. happening occasionally and not at regular intervals; 一時的な、突発的な、不規則な
|
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epistemologist
|
n. a person who studies the part of philosophy that deals with knowledge; 認識論者
|
|
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epitaph
|
n. words that are written or said about a dead person, especially words on a gravestone; 墓碑銘、墓誌、碑文
|
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|
epithet
|
n. an adjective or a phrase that is used to describe someone/something's character or most important; あだ名、別称
|
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|
epitome
|
n. a perfect example of something; 典型（的な例）、縮図、概略
|
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|
epoch
|
n. a period of time in history, especially one during which important events or changes happen; 時代、時期
|
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equable
|
adj. calm and not easily upset or annoyed; keeping a steady temperature with no sudden changes; 安定した、一様な、穏やかな
|
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|
equilibrium
|
n. a state of balance, especially between opposing forces or influences; 均衡、釣り合い、平衡、落ち着き、平静
|
|
|
equine
|
adj. connected with horses; like a horse; 馬の（ような）
|
|
|
equinox
|
n. one of the two times in the year when the sun is above the equator and day and night are of equal length; 昼夜平分時
|
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|
equipoise
|
n. a state of balance; 均衡、平衡
|
|
|
equitable
|
adj. fair and reasonable; treating everyone in an equal way; 公平な、公正な
|
|
|
equity
|
n. the value of a company's shares; the value of a property after all charges and debts have been paid; 公平さ、財産物件の純粋価値、株、株式
|
|
|
equivocal
|
adj. not having one clear or definite meaning or intention; able to be understood in more than one way; 曖昧な、はっきりしない
|
|
|
erode
|
v. gradually destroy the surface of something through the action of wind, rain, etc.; be gradually destroyed in this way; 腐食する
|
|
|
erotic
|
adj. showing or involving sexual desire and pleasure; intended to make someone feel sexual desire; 性愛を扱った、官能的な
|
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errant
|
adj. doing something that is wrong; not behaving in an acceptable way; （諸国）遊歴の、冒険的遍歴の
|
|
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erratic
|
adj. not happening at regular times; not following any plan or regular pattern; that you cannot rely on; 突飛な、風変わりな
|
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|
erroneous
|
adj. not correct; based on wrong information; 間違った、誤りのある
|
|
|
escapade
|
n. an exciting adventure (often one that people think is dangerous or stupid); いたずら、突飛な行為
|
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|
eschew
|
v. deliberately avoid or keep away from something; 〔悪いことなどを意図的に〕避ける、控える
|
|
|
espionage
|
n. the activity of secretly getting important political or military information about another country or of finding out another company's secrets by using spies; スパイ行為、偵察
|
|
|
espouse
|
v. give your support to a belief, policy, etc.; 〔主義などを〕信奉する、支持する
|
|
|
essay
|
v. try to do something; 試しにやってみる
|
|
|
esteem
|
v. great respect and admiration; a good opinion of someone; 尊重する、重んじる
|
|
|
estimable
|
adj. deserving respect and admiration; 評価できる、尊重できる
|
|
|
estranged
|
adj. no longer living with your husband or wife; no longer friendly, loyal, or in contact with someone; 疎遠になった
|
|
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ethereal
|
adj. extremely delicate and light; seeming to belong to another, more spiritual, world; 空気のような、〔音楽・芸術作品・雰囲気などが〕極めて優美な
|
|
|
ethnic
|
adj. connected with or belonging to a nation, race, or people that shares a cultural tradition; 民族（集団）の
|
|
|
ethnology
|
n. the scientific study and comparison of human races; 民族学、人類学
|
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ethos
|
n. the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society; 精神、気風、方針、理念、指導原理
|
|
|
etymology
|
n. the study of the origin and history of words and their meanings; 語源（学）
|
|
|
eugenic
|
n. the study of methods to improve the mental and physical characteristics of the human race by choosing who may become parents; 優生（学）の
|
|
|
eulogistic
|
adj. praising someone or something very highly; 賛美の、褒め称える
|
|
|
euphony
|
n. to be pleasant to listen to; 〔言葉の〕音調の良さ、好音調
|
|
|
euphoria
|
n. an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement that usually lasts only a short time; 高揚感、幸福（感）、陶酔
|
|
|
euthanasia
|
n. the practice (illegal in most countries) of killing without pain a person who is suffering from a disease that cannot be cured; 安楽死
|
|
|
evanescent
|
adj. disappearing quickly from sight or memory; 消えていく、つかの間の
|
|
|
evasive
|
adj. not willing to give clear answers to a question; 責任逃れの、はっきりしない
|
|
|
evenhanded
|
adj. completely fair, especially when dealing with different groups of people; 公正な、公平な
|
|
|
evince
|
v. show clearly that you have a feeling or quality; 明らかにする
|
|
|
evocative
|
adj. making you think of or remember a strong image or feeling, in a pleasant way; 〔記憶などを〕呼び起こす、刺激的な
|
|
|
evoke
|
v. bring a feeling, a memory, or an image into your mind; 呼び起こす、喚起する
|
|
|
ewe
|
n. a female sheep; 〔成長した〕雌羊
|
|
|
exacting
|
adj. needing or demanding a lot of effort and care about details; 過酷な、骨の折れる、厄介な
|
|
|
exact
|
v. demand and get something from someone; 要求する、〔力ずくで〕～を取り立てる
|
|
|
exalt
|
v. make someone rise to a higher rank or position, sometimes to one that they do not deserve; 高める、昇進させる
|
|
|
exasperate
|
v. annoy or irritate someone very much; （人）を憤慨させる、イライラさせる
|
|
|
exceptionable
|
adj. giving any reason for criticism; 好ましくない、反対されそうな
|
|
|
excerpt
|
n. a short piece of writing, music, film, etc. taken from a longer whole; 抜粋する、引用する、抜粋
|
|
|
excise
|
v. remove something completely; 切除する、切り取る
|
|
|
exclaim
|
v. say something suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain; 叫ぶ、非難する
|
|
|
excoriate
|
v. criticize someone or something severely; 激しく非難する
|
|
|
execrable
|
adj. very bad; 嫌悪すべき、粗悪な
|
|
|
execrate
|
v. feel or express great loathing for; curse; 嫌悪する、ののしる
|
|
|
execute
|
v. do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc.; 実行する、遂行する
|
|
|
exegesis
|
n. the detailed explanation of a piece of writing, especially religious writing; 解釈、解説
|
|
|
exemplary
|
adj. providing a good example for people to copy; 他の模範となる、称賛すべき、典型的な
|
|
|
exemplify
|
v. be a typical example of something; 例示する
|
|
|
exempt
|
adj. not affected by something, do not have to do it or pay it, etc.; 免除されている
|
|
|
exertion
|
n. physical or mental effort; the act of making an effort; 骨折り、努力
|
|
|
exhilarating
|
adj. very exciting and enjoyable; 陽気にさせる、ウキウキさせる
|
|
|
exhort
|
v. try hard to persuade someone to do something; 強く［熱心に］勧める
|
|
|
exhume
|
v. remove a dead body from the ground especially in order to examine how the person died; 〔埋葬した死体を検視のために〕掘り出す
|
|
|
exiguous
|
adj. very small in size or amount; hardly enough; 乏しい、ごくわずかの
|
|
|
existential
|
adj. connected with human existence; 存在の
|
|
|
exodus
|
n. a situation in which many people leave a place at the same time; 大量の人間の脱出［移住・移動］
|
|
|
exonerate
|
v. officially state that someone is not responsible for something that they have been blamed for; ～の容疑を晴らす、～の潔白を証明する
|
|
|
exorbitant
|
adj. much too high; 途方もない、法外な
|
|
|
exorcise
|
v. make an evil spirit leave a place or someone's body by special prayers or magic; （悪魔を）追い払う
|
|
|
exotic
|
adj. from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries; 異国風の、風変わりな
|
|
|
expansive
|
adj. covering a large amount of space; 広大な、膨張力のある
|
|
|
expatiate
|
v. write or speak in detail about a subject; 詳細に話す、長々と述べる
|
|
|
expatriate
|
n. a person living in a country that is not their own; 国籍離脱者、国外居住する
|
|
|
expedient
|
adj. useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but not always fair or right; 目的にかなった、適切な、ご都合主義の、急場しのぎの方法
|
|
|
expedite
|
v. make a process happen more quickly; ～の進行を早める、はかどらせる
|
|
|
expenditure
|
n. the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent; the use of energy, time, materials, etc.; 支出（額）、支払い、出費
|
|
|
expertise
|
n. expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity, or job; 専門的知識［技術］
|
|
|
expiate
|
v. accept punishment for something that you have done wrong in order to show that you are sorry; 〔罪などを〕償う
|
|
|
expletive
|
n. a word, especially an offensive word, that you use when you are angry or in pain; 虚辞、ののしり言葉
|
|
|
explicate
|
v. explain an idea or a work of literature in a lot of detail; 〔～を分析的に〕詳説する
|
|
|
explicit
|
adj. clear and easy to understand; 明示的な
|
|
|
exploit
|
n. a brave, exciting, or interesting act; 手柄、功績
|
|
|
expository
|
adj. intended to explain or describe something; 解説の、説明的な
|
|
|
expostulation
|
n. to argue, disagree, or protest about something; 忠告、苦言
|
|
|
exposure
|
n. the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant; 〔風雨・危険などに〕露出、さらすこと
|
|
|
expropriate
|
v. officially take away private property from its owner for public use; 取り上げる、没収する
|
|
|
expunge
|
v. remove or get rid of something such as a name or memory from a book or list or from your mind; 消し去る、削除する
|
|
|
expurgate
|
v. remove or leave out parts of a piece of writing or a conversation when printing or reporting it, because you think those parts could offend people; 〔本や映画などから不適切な言葉などを〕削除する
|
|
|
extant
|
adj. still in existence; 現存している、現存の
|
|
|
extemporaneous
|
adj. spoken or done without any previous thought or preparation; 即興の
|
|
|
extenuate
|
adj. showing reasons why a wrong or illegal act, or a bad situation, should be judged less seriously or excused; 〔罪などを〕軽くする、軽減する、弱める
|
|
|
extirpate
|
v. destroy or get rid of something that is bad or not wanted; 根絶する、《医》〔腫瘍などを〕摘出する
|
|
|
extol
|
v. praise someone or something very much; 称賛する、褒めたたえる
|
|
|
extort
|
v. make someone give you something by threatening them; 〔金を〕ゆすり取る、〔自白・約束などを〕強要する
|
|
|
extradition
|
v. to officially send back someone who has been accused or found guilty of a crime to the country where the crime was committed; 〔犯罪（容疑）者の管轄国への〕送還、引き渡し
|
|
|
extraneous
|
adj. not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with; 外部からの、無関係な
|
|
|
extricate
|
v. escape or enable someone to escape from a difficult situation; 〔もつれている状態から〕解放する、〔束縛から〕自由にする
|
|
|
extrinsic
|
adj. not belonging naturally to someone or something; coming from or existing outside someone or something rather than within them; 外部の、外来性の
|
|
|
extrovert
|
n. a lively and confident person who enjoys being with other people; 外向性［型］の人
|
|
|
extrude
|
v. force or push something out of something; to be forced or pushed in this way; 押し出す
|
|
|
exuberance
|
n. being full of energy, excitement, and happiness; 豊富、元気溢れる状態
|
|
|
exude
|
v. come out; にじみ出る、染み出す
|
|
|
exult
|
v. feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of something that has happened; 大喜びする、歓喜する
|
|
|
fabricate
|
v. invent false information in order to trick people; 組み立てる、加工する、でっち上げる、捏造する
|
|
|
facade
|
n. the way that someone or something appears to be, which is different from the way someone or something really is; 外観、見せかけ、〔建物の〕正面、前面
|
|
|
facet
|
n. a particular part or aspect of something; 宝石などの小平面、面、様相
|
|
|
facile
|
adj. produced without effort or careful thought; 手軽な、軽薄な
|
|
|
facsimile
|
v. take an exact copy of something; 複写する
|
|
|
faction
|
n. a small group of people within a larger one, whose members have some different aims and beliefs to those of the larger group; 派閥、党派
|
|
|
factious
|
adj. relating or inclined to a state of faction.; 党派的な、派閥争いの好きな
|
|
|
factitious
|
adj. not genuine but created deliberately and made to appear to be true; 不自然な、人工的な
|
|
|
factotum
|
n. a person employed to do a wide variety of jobs for someone; 雑用係
|
|
|
faculty
|
n. any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with; all the teachers of a particular university, college, or school; 〔ある分野の身体的・精神的〕能力、〔大学のある学部の〕教員陣
|
|
|
fallacy
|
n. a false idea that many people believe is true; 間違った考え
|
|
|
fallible
|
adj. able to make mistakes or be wrong; 誤りを犯しがちな、〔情報が〕当てにならない
|
|
|
fallow
|
adj. (of farm land) not used for growing crops, especially so that the quality of the land will improve; 〔土地が〕作付けしてない、休閑中の
|
|
|
falter
|
v. become weaker or less effective; ためらう、行き詰まる
|
|
|
fanaticism
|
n. extreme beliefs or behavior, especially in connection with religion or politics; 熱狂
|
|
|
fancied
|
adj. imaginary; 想像上の、架空の
|
|
|
fancier
|
n. a person who has a special interest in something, especially someone who keeps or breeds birds, animals, or plants; 〔動物や植物の〕愛好家
|
|
|
fancy
|
n. something that you imagine; your imagination; a feeling that you would like to have or to do something; 幻想、気まぐれ、〔気まぐれで一時的な〕好み
|
|
|
fanfare
|
n. a short loud piece of music that is played to celebrate someone or something important arriving; ファンファーレ、鳴り物入りの宣伝
|
|
|
farce
|
n. a funny play for the theater that is based on ridiculous and unlikely situations and events; this type of writing or performance; 笑劇、お笑い草
|
|
|
fastidious
|
adj. being careful that every detail of something is correct; 好みの難しい、選り好みした
|
|
|
fatalism
|
n. the belief that events are decided by fate and that you cannot control them; the fact of accepting that you cannot prevent something from happening; 運命論、〔運命と〕あきらめること
|
|
|
fathom
|
v. understand or find an explanation for something; 〔人の考えなどを〕探る、推測する、見抜く
|
|
|
fauna
|
n. all the animals living in an area or in a particular period of history; 動物相、動物区分
|
|
|
faze
|
v. make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do; びっくりさせる、慌てさせる
|
|
|
feasible
|
adj. that is possible and likely to be achieved; 〔計画などが〕実現可能な、実行可能な
|
|
|
febrile
|
adj. nervous, excited, and very active; 熱の（ある）、熱病の
|
|
|
feckless
|
adj. having a weak character; not behaving in a responsible way; 無責任な、無能な、無気力な
|
|
|
fecundity
|
n. being able to produce a lot of children, crops, etc.; 肥沃、豊かさ
|
|
|
feign
|
v. pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are sick, tired, etc.; 装う、ふりをする
|
|
|
feint
|
v. confuse your opponent by making them think you are going to do one thing when you are really going to do something else; フェイントをかける
|
|
|
felicity
|
n. great happiness; 至福、喜ばしい出来事
|
|
|
fell
|
adj. very evil or violent; 残忍な、凶暴な、〔木を〕切り倒す、伐採する
|
|
|
felon
|
n. a person who has committed a felony; 《法律》重罪犯人、重罪犯罪者
|
|
|
feral
|
adj. living wild, especially after escaping from life as a pet or on a farm; 野性化した、野性の
|
|
|
ferment
|
n. a state of political or social excitement and confusion; 発酵、興奮、政治的動揺、発酵する
|
|
|
ferret
|
v. search for something that is lost or hidden among a lot of things; 捜し出す、探り出す
|
|
|
fervent
|
adj. having or showing very strong and sincere feelings about something; 熱心な、熱烈な、熱い
|
|
|
fervid
|
adj. feeling something too strongly; showing feelings that are too strong; 熱烈な、熱情的な
|
|
|
fester
|
v. become badly infected; 悩ます、痛ませる、腐らせる
|
|
|
festive
|
adj. typical of a special event or celebration; お祝いの、陽気な、華やいだ
|
|
|
fete
|
n. a special occasion held to celebrate something; 祝宴を開いて（人）に敬意を表する
|
|
|
fetid
|
adj. smelling very unpleasant; 悪臭のする
|
|
|
fetter
|
v. restrict someone's freedom to do what they want; 足枷をはめる、束縛する
|
|
|
fiasco
|
n. something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment; しくじり、失態、失敗
|
|
|
fiat
|
n. an official order given by someone in authority; 命令、認可
|
|
|
fickle
|
adj. changing often and suddenly; 〔天候などが〕変わりやすい、気まぐれな、移り気な
|
|
|
fictitious
|
adj. invented by someone rather than true; 作り話の、架空の
|
|
|
fidelity
|
n. the quality of being loyal to someone or something; 厳守、忠実、忠誠
|
|
|
figment
|
n. something that someone has imagined and that does not really exist; 虚構、作り話
|
|
|
figurative
|
adj. used in a way that is different from the usual meaning, in order to create a particular mental picture.; 比喩の、比喩的な
|
|
|
figurine
|
n. a small statue of a person or an animal, used as a decorative object; 〔金属や陶器の〕小さな像
|
|
|
filch
|
v. steal something, especially something small or not very valuable; 盗む、くすねる
|
|
|
filial
|
adj. connected with the way children behave toward their parents; 子供の
|
|
|
filibuster
|
v. make a long speech made in Congress in order to delay a vote; 〔長々と演説を続けて〕議事進行を妨害する
|
|
|
filigree
|
n. delicate decoration made from gold or silver wire; 金線［銀線］細工
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filing
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n. very small pieces of metal, made when a larger piece of metal is filed; やすりくず
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finale
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n. the last part of a show or a piece of music; an ending to something of the type mentioned; フィナーレ、終曲、終局
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finesse
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n. great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a delicate way; 手腕、手際の良さ、精妙さ
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finicky
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adj. too worried about what you eat, wear, etc.; disliking many things; 〔食べ物・服装などについて〕好みがうるさい、気難しい
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finite
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adj. having a definite limit or fixed size; 限界のある、限定された
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firebrand
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n. a person who is always encouraging other people to take strong political action, often causing trouble; 煽動者、たいまつ
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fissure
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n. a long, deep crack in something, especially in rock or in the earth; 亀裂、裂け目
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fitful
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adj. happening only for short periods; not continuous or regular; 断続的な、発作的な
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flagrant
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adj. shocking because it is done in a very obvious way and shows no respect for people, laws, etc.; 〔行為や品性が〕目に余る、言語道断の
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flail
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v. move around without control; move your arms and legs around without control; ～を殻ざおで打つ
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flair
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n. a natural ability to do something well; 才能、素質
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flamboyant
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adj. different, confident, and exciting in a way that attracts attention; きらびやかな、華々しい
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flaunt
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v. show something you are proud of to other people, in order to impress them; 堂々と見せる、見せびらかす、誇示する
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flay
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v. remove the skin from an animal or person, usually when they are dead; 皮を剥ぐ、〔金品を〕巻き上げる、むち打つ
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fleck
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v. cover or mark something with small areas of a particular color or with small pieces of something; 斑点を付ける
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fleece
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v. take a lot of money from someone by charging them too much; ～に法外な値段をふっかける、～から金品を巻き上げる
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flick
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a small, sudden, quick movement or hit, for example with a whip or part of the body; (informal) movie; 軽く打つこと、軽く叩くこと、映画
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flinch
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v. void thinking about or doing something unpleasant (flinch from); 尻込みする
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flippant
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adj. showing that you do not take something as seriously as other people think you should; ぶしつけな、軽率な、不真面目な
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flit
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v. move lightly and quickly from one place or thing to another; かろやかに飛ぶ、素早く過ぎ去る
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floe
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n. a large area of ice, floating in the ocean; 《地学》氷盤
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flora
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n. the plants of a particular area, type of environment, or period of time; 植物相
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florid
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adj. having too much decoration or detail; red; 赤みがかった、花でいっぱいの
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flotsam
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n. parts of boats, pieces of wood or garbage, etc. that are found on land near the ocean or floating on the ocean; any kind of garbage; 難破船の漂流物、がらくた
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flounder
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v. have a lot of problems and to be in danger of failing completely; まごつく、もがく
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flourish
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v. develop quickly and be successful or common; grow well; be healthy and happy; 繁栄する
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fluctuate
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v. change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc., especially from one extreme to another; 変動する、上下する
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fluency
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n. the quality of being able to speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well; the quality of moving in a smooth and skillful way; 流暢さ
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fluke
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n. a lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident, not because of planning or skill; まぐれ、偶然の出来事
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fluster
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v. make someone nervous and/or confused, especially by giving them a lot to do or by making them hurry; 混乱する、狼狽する
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fluted
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adj. with a pattern of curves cut around the outside; 〔柱などが〕縦溝彫りの
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flux
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n. continuous movement and change; a flow; 不安定さ、絶え間ない変化、流れ
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fodder
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n. food for horses and farm animals; 〔家畜用の〕飼料、素材
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foible
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n. a silly habit or a strange or weak aspect of a person's character, that is considered harmless by other people; ささいな欠点、〔性格上の〕弱点
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foil
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n. a person or thing that contrasts with, and therefore emphasizes, the qualities of another person or thing; v. stop something from happening, especially something illegal; 引き立て役、〔計画などを〕失敗させる、くじく
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foist
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v. force someone to accept someone or something that they do not want; 〔偽りを〕本物だとして押し付ける、〔文章などを〕不正に挿入する
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foliage
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n. the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together; 葉、木の葉
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foolhardy
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adj. taking unnecessary risks; 向こう見ずな、無謀な
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fop
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n. a man who is too interested in his clothes and the way he looks; 〔男の〕気取り屋、めかし屋
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foray
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n. an attempt to become involved in a different activity or profession; 急襲、襲撃
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forbearance
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n. the quality of being patient and sympathetic toward other people, especially when they have done something wrong; 差し控えること、自制
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ford
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n. a shallow place in a river where it is possible to drive or walk across; 〔川の〕浅瀬
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forebear
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n. a person in your family who lived a long time ago; 先祖、祖先
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foreboding
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n. a strong feeling that something unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen; 〔不吉な〕前兆
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forensic
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adj. connected with the scientific tests used by the police when trying to solve a crime; 法廷の、弁論の、犯罪科学の
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foreshadow
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v. be a sign of something that will happen in the future; 前兆となる、予示する
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foresight
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n. the ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future; 先見の明、〔将来に対する〕洞察力
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forgo
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v. decide not to have or do something that you would like to have or do; ～なしで済ませる、差し控える
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forlorn
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adj. appearing lonely and unhappy; not cared for and with no people in it; わびしい、見捨てられた、惨めな
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formality
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n. a thing that you must do as a formal or official part of a legal process, a social situation, etc.; 形式的であること、儀礼（的行為）
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formidable
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adj. feeling fear and/or respect for them, because they are impressive or powerful, or because they seem very difficult; 恐るべき、恐ろしい、〔仕事などが〕大変な、〔敵などが〕手強い
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forsake
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v. leave someone or something, especially when you have a responsibility to stay; 見捨てる、〔大切なものを〕断念する
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forswear
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v. stop doing or using something; make a promise that you will stop doing or using something; 誓って～をやめる
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forte
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n. a thing that someone does particularly well; 強み、長所
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forthright
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adj. direct and honest in manner and speech; 真っすぐの、率直な
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fortitude
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n. courage shown by someone who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties; 不屈の精神、勇気
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fortuitous
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adj. happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result; 偶然の、思いがけない
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foster
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v. encourage something to develop; 育てる、助長する
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founder
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n. a person who starts an organization, institution, etc. or causes something to be built; 創始者、設立者、完全に失敗する、〔船などが〕沈没する
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fracas
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n. a noisy argument or fight, usually involving several people; 騒ぎ、騒動
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fractious
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adj. bad-tempered or easily upset, especially by small things; 怒りっぽい、手に負えない
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frail
|
adj. physically weak and thin; 虚弱な、か弱い
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franchise
|
n. the right to vote in a country's elections; formal permission given by a company to someone who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area; 特権、参政権
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frantic
|
adj. unable to control your emotions because you are extremely frightened or worried about something; 熱狂した、狂乱した
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fraudulent
|
adj. intended to cheat someone, usually in order to make money illegally; 詐欺的な、詐欺の
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fraught
|
adj. filled with something unpleasant; causing or feeling worry and anxiety; 満ちて、充満して、悲惨な、困難な
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fray
|
n. a fight, a competition, or an argument, especially one that is exciting or seen as a test of your ability; 争い、騒動
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frenetic
|
adj. involving a lot of energy and activity in a way that is not organized; 熱狂した、大騒ぎの
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frenzied
|
adj. involving a lot of activity and strong emotions in a way that is often violent or frightening and not under control; ひどく興奮した、逆上した
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fresco
|
n. a picture that is painted on a wall while the plaster is still wet; the method of painting in this way; フレスコ画法、フレスコ画
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fret
|
v. be worried or unhappy and not able to relax; 思い悩む、くよくよする
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friction
|
n. the action of one object or surface moving against another; 〔物理的な〕摩擦、〔人間関係などの〕衝突
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frieze
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n. a border that goes around the top of a room or building with pictures or carvings on it; 《建築》〔古典建築の〕フリーズ
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frigid
|
adj. very cold; not showing any feelings of friendship or kindness; ひどく寒い、極寒の
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fritter
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v. waste time or money on things that are not important; 無駄に使う、浪費する
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frivolous
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adj. silly or amusing, especially when such behavior is not suitable; つまらない、取るに足らない、軽薄な、軽率な
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frolicsome
|
adj. playing in a lively, happy way; 陽気な、悪ふざけの
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frond
|
n. a long leaf of some plants or trees, especially palms or ferns; 《植物》葉状体
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froward
|
adj. difficult to deal with; contrary; 偏屈な
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fructify
|
v. become productive or fruitful; 実を結ぶ、結実させる
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fruition
|
n. the successful result of a plan, a process, or an activity; 達成、実現
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frustrate
|
v. make someone feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want; （敵を）打ち破る、妨げる
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fugitive
|
n. a person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught; 逃亡者、脱走者、つかの間の
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fulcrum
|
n. the point on which a lever turns or is supported; the most important part of an activity or a situation;（てこの）支点、支え
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fulminate
|
v. criticize someone or something angrily; 大音響とともに爆発する、声高に［強く］非難する
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fulsome
|
adj .too generous in praising or thanking someone, or in saying that you are sorry, so that you do not sound sincere; 過度の、嫌味な、鼻につく
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functionary
|
n. a person with official duties; 〔通例組織の末端の〕役人、職員
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fundamental
|
adj. serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something; 基礎的な
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funereal
|
adj. suitable for a funeral; sad; 葬式の、しめやかな、悲しい
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furor
|
n. great anger or excitement shown by a number of people, usually caused by a public event; 熱狂、〔大衆の怒りの表現としての〕騒動
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furtive
|
adj. behaving in a way that shows that you want to keep something secret and do not want to be noticed; こそこそした、人目を盗んだ
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fusillade
|
n. a rapid series of shots fired from one or more guns; a rapid series of objects that are thrown; 一斉射撃
|
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fusion
|
n. the process or result of joining two or more things together to form one; 融合、（政治）連合
|
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gadfly
|
n. a person who annoys or criticizes other people in order to make them do something; 《虫》アブ
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gaffe
|
n. a mistake that a person makes in public or in a social situation, especially something embarrassing; 失敗、へま
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gait
|
n. a way of walking; 歩き方、足取り
|
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galaxy
|
n. any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space; a group of famous people, or people with a particular skill; 銀河系、華やかな集合
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gale
|
n. an extremely strong wind; 強風、疾風
|
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galleon
|
n. a large Spanish sailing ship, used between the 15th and the 17th centuries; ガリオン船
|
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gall
|
n. rude behavior showing a lack of respect that is surprising because the person doing it is not embarrassed; いらだち、苦痛、擦りむく、苛立たせる
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galvanize
|
v. make someone take action by shocking them or by making them excited; 急に刺激する、奮い立たせる、活気づける
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gambit
|
n. a thing that someone does, or something that someone says at the beginning of a situation or conversation, that is intended to give them some advantage; 《チェス》打ちはじめの手、開戦の手
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gambol
|
v. jump or run about in a lively way; 跳ね回る
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gamely
|
adv. in a way that seems brave, although a lot of effort is involved; 勇敢に
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gamut
|
n. the complete range of a particular kind of thing; 全範囲、全域
|
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gape
|
adj. be or become wide open; 〔傷口などが〕大きく開く
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garbled
|
adj. told in a way that confuses the person listening, usually by someone who is shocked or in a hurry; ごちゃ混ぜになった、不明瞭な、文字化けした
|
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gargantuan
|
adj. extremely large; 巨大な
|
|
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gargoyle
|
n. an ugly figure of a person or an animal that is made of stone and through which water is carried away from the roof of a building, especially a church; ガーゴイル、奇妙な形の彫像
|
|
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garish
|
adj. very brightly colored in an unpleasant way; けばけばしい、派手な
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garner
|
v. obtain or collect something such as information, support, etc.; 蓄える、集める
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garnish
|
v. decorate a dish of food with a small amount of another food; 飾る、装飾する
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gastronomy
|
n. the art and practice of cooking and eating good food; 美食（法）
|
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gauche
|
adj. awkward when dealing with people and often saying or doing the wrong thing; 不器用な、〔線・表面などが〕ゆがんだ
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gaudy
|
adj. too brightly colored in a way that lacks taste; 〔衣服・装飾・色などが〕派手な、けばけばしい
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gaunt
|
adj. very thin, usually because of illness, not having enough food, or worry; やせ衰えた、やせこけた
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gavel
|
v. bring (a hearing or person) to order by use of such a mallet; 〔議長・裁判官などが〕小槌をたたく
|
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gawk
|
v. stare at someone or something in a rude or stupid way; ぽかんと［ぼんやりと］～を見る［眺める］
|
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gazette
|
n. used in the titles of some newspapers; 官報、公報
|
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|
genealogy
|
n. the study of family history, including the study of who the ancestors of a particular person were; 家系、血統、系図学
|
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generality
|
n. a statement that discusses general principles or issues rather than details or particular examples; 一般論、漠然とした言葉［考え］
|
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generate
|
v. produce or create something; 生む、起こす、作り出す
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generic
|
adj. shared by, including, or typical of a whole group of things; not specific; 一般の、一般的な、包括的な
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genesis
|
n. the beginning or origin of something; 起こり、起源、生成
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geniality
|
n. being friendly and cheerful; 愛想の良さ
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genre
|
n. a particular type or style of literature, art, film, or music that you can recognize because of its special features; ジャンル、分野
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genteel
|
adj. quiet and polite, often in an exaggerated way; from, or pretending to be from, a high social class; 上品ぶった、気取った、上流階級の
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|
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gentility
|
n. very good manners and behavior; the fact of belonging to a high social class; 良家の出、育ちの良さ、上品さ
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gentry
|
n. people belonging to a high social class; 紳士階級、貴族
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genuflect
|
v. genuflect;〔尊敬を表すため・礼拝のためなどに〕片［両］ひざをつく
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germane
|
adj. connected with something in an important or appropriate way; 密接な関係がある、適切な
|
|
|
germinal
|
adj. relating to or of the nature of a germ cell or embryo;《生物》胚の、〔発達段階の〕初期の
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germinate
|
v. starts to grow;（アイデアが）生まれる、発芽する
|
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gerontocracy
|
n. a state, society, or group governed by old people; government by old people; 長老支配、長老政治
|
|
|
gerrymander
|
v. change the size and borders of an area for voting in order to give an unfair advantage to one party or group in an election;〔選挙において自党が有利になるように選挙区を〕区割りする
|
|
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gestate
|
v. carry a young human or animal inside the womb until it is born; 〔子供を〕懐胎する、身ごもる
|
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|
gesticulation
|
n. move your hands and arms about in order to attract attention or make someone understand what you are saying; 身振り
|
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|
ghastly
|
adj. very frightening and unpleasant, because it involves pain, death, etc.; 恐ろしい、不気味な
|
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gibberish
|
n. words that have no meaning or are impossible to understand; でたらめ、（口から出任せの）適当なこと
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|
|
gibe
|
v. say something that is intended to embarrass someone or make them look silly; からかう、愚弄する
|
|
|
giddy
|
adj. so happy and excited that you cannot behave normally; 軽薄な、目まいがする
|
|
|
gingerly
|
adj. in a careful way, because you are afraid of being hurt, of making a noise, etc.; 極めて慎重な、非常に用心深い
|
|
|
girth
|
n. the measurement around something, especially a person's waist; 周囲の長さ、胴回り
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|
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gist
|
n. the main or general meaning of a piece of writing, a speech, or a conversation; 要点、骨子
|
|
|
glacial
|
adj. connected with the Ice Age; 氷河の、寒さが厳しい
|
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glaring
|
adj. very easily seen; 目立つ、明白な
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glaze
|
v. begins to look bored or tired; cover something with a glaze to give it a shiny surface; ～のつやを出す、〔目が〕かすむ
|
|
|
glean
|
〔情報・落ち穂などを少しずつ〕集める、拾い集める
|
|
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glib
|
adj. using words in an easy and smooth way but without much thought, and usually not sincere; 流暢な、軽薄な、口の達者な
|
|
|
glimmer
|
v. shine with a faint unsteady light; チラチラ［かすかに］光る
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|
gloat
|
v. show that you are happy about your own success or someone else's failure, in an unpleasant way; ほくそ笑む、〔他人の不幸などを〕いい気味だと思う
|
|
|
glossary
|
n. a list of technical or special words, especially those in a particular text, explaining their meanings; 用語集、用語解説
|
|
|
gloss
|
n. a shine on a smooth surface, an attractive appearance that is only on the surface and hides what is not so attractive; ～のつやを出す、注釈、こじつけ
|
|
|
glossy
|
adj. smooth and shiny; 光沢のある、つやつやした
|
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glower
|
v. look in an angry, aggressive way; にらみつける
|
|
|
glutinous
|
adj. sticky; 《生物》〔表面が〕粘着質の
|
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|
glutton
|
n. a person who eats too much; 大食家、暴食家
|
|
|
glut
|
n. a situation in which there is more of something than is needed or can be used; 供給過剰、満腹
|
|
|
gnarled
|
adj. twisted and rough; bent and twisted because of age or illness; ねじれた、曲がった
|
|
|
gnome
|
n. a creature like a small man with a pointed hat, who lives under the ground and guards gold and treasure; 地の精
|
|
|
gorge
|
n. a deep, narrow valley with steep sides; 〔狭くて深い岩場の〕山あい、渓谷
|
|
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gory
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adj. involving a lot of blood or violence; showing or describing blood and violence; 血だらけの
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gossamer
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n. any very light, delicate material; クモの糸［巣］のような、〔生地などが〕極めて薄く軽く柔らかく繊細な
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gourmand
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n. a person who enjoys eating and eats large amounts of food; 食い道楽（の人）、美食家、食通
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gourmet
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n. a person who knows a lot about good food and wines and who enjoys choosing, eating, and drinking them; 美食家、食通
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graduated
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adj. divided into groups or levels on a scale; 段階的［等級別・等級順］に配列された
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granary
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n. a building where grain is stored; 穀倉地帯、穀物倉
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grandeur
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n. the quality of being great and impressive in appearance; 偉大さ、威厳
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grandiose
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adj. seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc. to be practical or possible; 壮大な、大げさな、仰々しい
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granulate
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v. take the form of grains or particles; 粒（状）にする
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graphic
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adj. connected with drawings and design, especially in the production of books, magazines, etc.; 写実的な、生々しい
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grapple
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v. take a firm hold of someone or something and struggle with them; 〔人と〕組み打ちをする、取っ組み合う、～をしっかりつかむ
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grate
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v. irritate or annoy someone; make a sharp unpleasant soun; きしらせる、耳障りな音を出す、イライラさせる
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gratify
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v. please or satisfy someone; satisfy a wish, need, etc.; 満足させる、楽しませる
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gratis
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adv. done or given without having to be paid for; 無料で
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gratuitous
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adj. done without any good reason or purpose and often having harmful effects; 根拠のない、不当な、無償の
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gratuity
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n. money that you give to someone who has provided a service for you; 心付け、チップ
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gravity
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n. extreme importance and a cause for worry; 重大さ、重要性
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grievance
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n. something that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about; 不平のもと、腹立ち、苦情
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grill
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v. cook food over a fire, especially outdoors; ask someone a lot of questions about their ideas, actions, etc., often in an unpleasant way; 厳しく尋問する、質問攻めにする、焼き網で焼く
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grimace
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n. an ugly expression made by twisting your face, used to show pain, disgust, etc. or to make someone laugh; しかめっ面、顔のゆがみ
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grisly
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adj. extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence; ぞっとするような、身の毛もよだつ
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grotesque
|
adj. strange in a way that is unpleasant or offensive; 奇怪な
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grotto
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n. a small cave, especially one that has been made artificially; 洞窟、洞穴
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grouse
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v. complain about someone or something in a way that other people find annoying; 不平［不満］を言う
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grovel
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v. behave in a very humble way toward someone who is more important than you or who can give you something you want; 腹這いになる、はって進む、屈服する
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grudging
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adj. given or done unwillingly; 嫌々の、けちけちした
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grueling
|
adj. very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time; しごき、非常に骨の折れる
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gruel
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n. a simple dish made by boiling oats in milk or water, eaten especially in the past by poor people; 薄い粥
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gruesome
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adj. very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury; 身の毛もよだつ
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gruff
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adj. deep and rough, and often sounding unfriendly; unfriendly and impatient; しわがれ声の、〔口調などが〕荒々しい、ぶっきらぼうな
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guffaw
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n. laughing noisily; ばか笑い
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guile
|
n. the use of skillful but dishonest behavior in order to trick people; 悪巧み、策略、ずるさ
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guise
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n. a way in which someone or something appears, often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about them or it; 見せかけ、外観、衣装
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gull
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v. fool or deceive (someone); だます、欺く
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gustatory
|
adj. connected with tasting or the sense of taste; 味覚の
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gusto
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n. enthusiasm and energy in doing something; 心からの楽しみ［喜び］、好み
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gusty
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adj. with the wind blowing in gusts; 突風の吹く、〔風・雨などが〕強い
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guy
|
n. a rope used to keep a pole or tent in a vertical position; 張り綱、支え線
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gyroscope
|
n. a device consisting of a wheel that spins rapidly inside a frame and does not change position when the frame is moved.; ジャイロスコープ、回転儀
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habituate
|
v. make or become accustomed or used to something;〔人・動物を～に〕慣らす
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hackle
|
n. hairs along the back of an animal that rise when it is angry or alarmed.
;〔怒った時に逆立てる鳥・犬などの〕首まわりの毛 |
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hackneyed
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adj. used too often and therefore boring; 使い古された、ありきたりの
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haggard
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adj. looking very tired because of illness, worry, or a lack of sleep; やつれた、凶暴な、野生の
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haggle
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v. argue with someone in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of something; 〔値段などを〕言い争う、交渉する
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halcyon
|
adj. peaceful and happy;《鳥》カワセミ、穏やかな
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hale
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adj. strong and healthy; 元気が良い、強健な
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hallowed
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adj. respected and important; 神聖な
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hallucination
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n. the fact of seeming to see or hear someone or something that is not really there, especially because of illness or drugs;〔一時的な〕幻覚、〔幻覚による〕幻影
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halting
|
adj. stopping and starting often, especially because you are not certain or are not very confident; たどたどしい、ぐずぐずした
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hamper
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v. prevent someone from easily doing or achieving something; 妨げる、妨害する
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haphazard
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adj. with no particular order or plan; not organized well; 無計画の、でたらめの
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hapless
|
adj. not lucky; unfortunate; 不幸な、不運な
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hap
|
n. Luck; fortune; 偶然～する、偶然に起こる、運
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harass
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v. annoy or worry someone by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them;〔しつこく〕悩ます、困らせる
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harbinger
|
n. a sign that shows that something is going to happen soon, often something bad; 先駆者、先発者
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harbor
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v. hide and protect someone who is hiding from the police;〔悪意・計画などを〕心に抱く、～に隠れ場所を提供する、かくまう
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hardy
|
adj. strong and able to survive difficult conditions and bad weather; 〔人・動物などが〕頑丈な、丈夫な
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harp
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v. keep talking about something in a boring or annoying way; ハープを弾く、同じことをくどくど言う
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harrowing
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adj. very shocking or frightening and making you feel very upset; 悲惨な、痛ましい
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harry
|
v. annoy or upset someone by continuously asking them questions or for something; ～にうるさく求める、～を悩ます
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hatch
|
n. an opening or a door in the deck of a ship or the bottom of an aircraft, through which goods to be carried are passed; 床窓、〔甲板の〕昇降口
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haughtiness
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n. to be behaving in an unfriendly way toward other people because you think that you are better than them; 傲慢
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haven
|
n. a place that is safe and peaceful where people or animals are protected; 安全な場所、安息所、避難所
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hazardous
|
adj. involving risk or danger, especially to someone's health or safety; 危険な
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hazy
|
adj. not clear because of haze; not clear because of a lack of memory, understanding, or detail; 〔考え・記憶などが〕ぼんやりした
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headlong
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adv. with the head first and the rest of the body following; 大急ぎの、真っ逆さまの
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headstrong
|
adj. determined to do things their own way and refusing to listen to advice; 頑固な、強情な
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heckler
|
n. a person who interrupts a speaker at a public meeting by shouting out questions or rude remarks; 〔やじなどをして芝居・演奏などを〕妨害する人
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hedonist
|
n. a person who believes that pleasure is the most important thing in life; 快楽主義者
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heedless
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adj. not paying careful attention to someone or something; 無頓着な、不注意な
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hegemony
|
n. control by one country, organization, etc. over other countries, etc. within a particular group; 主導権、〔ある国が他の国を支配する〕支配権
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heinous
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adj. morally very bad; 凶悪な、悪質な
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herbivorous
|
adj. relating to any animal that eats only plants; 〔動物が〕草食性の
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heresy
|
n. a belief or an opinion that is against the principles of a particular religion; the fact of holding such beliefs; 異説、異論
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hermetic
|
adj. tightly closed so that no air can escape or enter; 密封した、（外部から）閉ざされた、難解な、秘密の
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hermitage
|
n. a place where a hermit lives or lived; 隠者［世捨て人］の住処
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herpetologist
|
n. a zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians; 爬虫両生類学者
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heterodox
|
adj. not following the usual or accepted beliefs and opinions; 異端の
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heterogeneous
|
adj. consisting of many different kinds of people or things; 異種の、異成分から成る
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hew
|
v. cut something large with a tool; 〔おのなどで何度もたたいて〕切り取る
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heyday
|
n. the time when someone or something had most power or success, or was most popular; 全盛期、絶頂
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hiatus
|
n. a pause in activity when nothing happens; 中断、〔時間の〕空白
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hibernal
|
adj. relating to winter; 冬の（ような）
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hibernate
|
v. spend the winter in a state like deep sleep; 〔動物が〕冬眠する
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hierarchy
|
n. a system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest; 〔組織の〕階層（化）、序列（化）
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hieroglyphic
|
n. a picture or symbol of an object, representing a word, syllable, or sound, especially as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing systems; 象形文字
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hilarity
|
n. a state of great amusement which makes people laugh; 陽気、楽しい気分
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hindmost
|
n. furthest back; 一番後ろの、最後部の
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hindrance
|
n. a person or thing that makes it more difficult for someone to do something or for something to happen; 妨害、障害物
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hinterland
|
n. the areas of a country that are away from the coast, from the banks of a large river, or from the main cities; 奥地、内陸地方
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hireling
|
n. a person who is willing to do anything or work for anyone as long as they are paid; 〈軽蔑的〉金目当てに働く人
|
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|
hirsute
|
adj. having a lot of hair on the face or body; 毛深い、毛むくじゃらの
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|
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histrionic
|
adj. very emotional and intended to attract attention in a way that does not seem sincere; 劇場の、芝居じみた
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hoard
|
v. collect and keep large amounts of food, money, etc., especially secretly; 貯蔵する、ため込む、貯蔵、蓄え
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hoary
|
adj. (especially of hair) gray or white because a person is old; 〔年を取って〕白髪の（交じった）
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hoax
|
n. an act intended to make someone believe something that is not true, especially something unpleasant; 悪ふざけ、いたずら
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|
holocaust
|
n. situation in which many things are destroyed and many people killed, especially because of a war or a fire; 〔特に火による〕大虐殺、大破壊
|
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holster
|
n. a leather case worn on a belt or on a narrow piece of leather under the arm, used for carrying a small gun; ホルスター
|
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|
homage
|
n. something that is said or done to show respect for someone; 敬意、尊敬
|
|
|
homeostasis
|
n. the process by which the body reacts to changes in order to keep conditions inside the body, for example temperature, the same; 《心理学》ホメオスタシス、恒常性
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|
|
homespun
|
adj. simple and ordinary; not coming from an expert; 手織りの、家で紡いだ
|
|
|
homily
|
n. a speech or piece of writing giving advice on the correct way to behave, etc.; くどい小言、（長ったらしい）説教
|
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|
hone
|
v. develop and improve something, especially a skill, over a period of time; 砥石で研ぐ、（能力）に磨きをかける
|
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|
hoodwink
|
v. trick someone;〔人を〕だます
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|
|
horde
|
n. a large crowd of people; 大群、多数
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|
|
hortatory
|
adj. tending or aiming to exhort; 勧告的な、奨励の
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|
|
horticultural
|
adj. related to the study or practice of growing flowers, fruit, and vegetables; 園芸［植物栽培］の
|
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|
hostility
|
n. unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behavior; 敵意、対立
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|
hovel
|
n. a house or room that is not fit to live in because it is dirty or in very bad condition; あばら屋、物置
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|
hover
|
v. stay in the air in one place; さまよう、うろつく
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|
|
hubbub
|
n. the loud sound made by a lot of people talking at the same time; 騒ぎ、騒音
|
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|
hubris
|
n. the fact of someone being too proud; 思い上がり、傲慢
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|
hue
|
n. a color; a particular shade of a color; 色合い
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|
|
humane
|
adj. showing kindness toward people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; 慈悲深い、思いやりのある
|
|
|
humdrum
|
adj. boring and always the same; 〔生活・仕事などが〕単調な
|
|
|
humid
|
adj. warm and damp; 湿った、湿気の多い
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|
|
humility
|
n. the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people; the quality of being humble; 謙遜、謙虚
|
|
|
hummock
|
n. a hillock, knoll, or mound.; 小丘
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|
humus
|
n. a substance made from dead leaves and plants, added to soil to help plants grow; 腐植（土）、腐植質
|
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|
hurtle
|
v. move very fast in a particular direction; 衝突する、急速に進行する
|
|
|
husbandry
|
n. farming, especially when done carefully and well; (old-fashioned) the careful use of food, money, and supplies; 倹約、節約、農業
|
|
|
husband
|
v. use something very carefully and make sure that you do not waste it; 節約する
|
|
|
hybrid
|
n. an animal or plant that has parents of different species or varieties; 雑種、混血
|
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|
hydrophobia
|
n. extreme fear of water, which happens with rabies infection in humans; 恐水病、狂犬病
|
|
|
hypercritical
|
adj. excessively and unreasonably critical, esp. of small faults.
; 酷評の |
|
|
hypochondriac
|
adj. a person who suffers from hypochondria; 心気症の、心気症患者
|
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|
hypocritical
|
adj. related to a person who pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have; 偽善的な
|
|
|
hypothetical
|
adj. based on situations or ideas that are possible and imagined rather than real and true; 仮説［仮定・仮想］（上）の
|
|
|
ichthyology
|
n. the branch of zoology that deals with fishes.; 魚類
|
|
|
icon
|
n. a small symbol on a computer screen that represents a program or a file; a famous person or thing that people admire and see as a symbol of a particular idea, way of life, etc.; 〔絵・彫刻の〕像、肖像、聖像
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|
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ideology
|
n. a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on; イデオロギー、観念形態、価値［信念］体系
|
|
|
idiom
|
n. a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words; 熟語、慣用句、個性的な表現形式
|
|
|
idiosyncrasy
|
n. a person's particular way of behaving, thinking, etc., especially when it is unusual; an unusual feature; 特異体質、特異性
|
|
|
idyllic
|
adj. peaceful and beautiful; perfect, without problems; 牧歌的な、素朴な
|
|
|
igneous
|
adj. formed when magma (= melted or liquid material lying below the earth's surface) becomes solid, especially after it has poured out of a volcano; 火の、〔地質学の〕火成の
|
|
|
ignite
|
v. start to burn; make something start to burn; cause a powerful emotion or reaction; 火を付ける、点火する
|
|
|
ignoble
|
adj. not good or honest; that should make you feel shame; 下品な、卑しい
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|
ignominy
|
n. public shame and loss of honor; 屈辱、不名誉
|
|
|
illicit
|
adj. not allowed by the law; 不法な、不正の
|
|
|
illimitable
|
adj. without limits in extent or size or quantity; 無限の、果てしない
|
|
|
illuminate
|
v. shine light on something; 明るくする、照らす
|
|
|
illusion
|
n. a false idea or belief, especially about someone or about a situation; 見間違い、錯覚、空想
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|
|
illusive
|
adj. not real although seeming to be; 錯覚の、錯覚に基づく
|
|
|
illusory
|
adj. not real, although seeming to be; 幻影の、偽物だが本物のように見える
|
|
|
imbalance
|
n. a situation in which two or more things are not the same size or are not treated the same, in a way that is unfair or causes problems; 不安定、不均衡
|
|
|
imbecility
|
n. being a very low level of intelligence; 愚かさ、愚かな行為[言動］
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|
|
imbibe
|
v. drink something, especially alcohol; 〔酒などを〕飲む
|
|
|
imbroglio
|
n. a complicated situation that causes confusion or embarrassment, especially one that is political;〔人や国家間の複雑で深刻な〕誤解、複雑な状況
|
|
|
imbue
|
v. fill someone or something with strong feelings, opinions, or values; ～に（感情を）染み込ませる、～を染める
|
|
|
immaculate
|
adj. extremely clean and neat; 汚れ［欠点・誤り］のない、無傷の、清潔な
|
|
|
imminent
|
adj. likely to happen very soon;〔嫌なことが〕今にも起ころうとしている、切迫した、差し迫った
|
|
|
immobility
|
n. not to move; 不動性
|
|
|
immolate
|
v. kill someone by burning them; いけにえとして殺す、犠牲にする
|
|
|
immune
|
adj. that cannot catch or be affected by a particular disease or illness; 免疫の
|
|
|
immure
|
v. shut someone in a place so that they cannot get out;〔～を部屋などに〕閉じ込める
|
|
|
impale
|
v. push a sharp pointed object through something;〔先のとがった物で～を〕突き刺す
|
|
|
impalpable
|
adj. that cannot be felt physically; 触っても感じられない
|
|
|
impartial
|
adj. not supporting one person or group more than another; 偏らない、公平
|
|
|
impassable
|
adj. impossible to travel on or through, especially because it is in bad condition or it has been blocked by something; 通り抜けられない
|
|
|
impasse
|
n. a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved cannot agree what to do; 行き詰まり、こう着状態、袋小路
|
|
|
impeach
|
v. charge an important public figure with a serious crime; 弾劾する、告発する、避難する、疑問視する
|
|
|
impeccable
|
adj. without mistakes or faults; 欠点のない、申し分のない、非の打ちどころがない
|
|
|
impecunious
|
adj. having little or no money; 金のない、貧乏な
|
|
|
impediment
|
n. something that delays or stops the progress of something; 障害、〔主に言語の〕身体的障害
|
|
|
impel
|
v. feel as if you are forced to do it; 駆り立てる、推進する
|
|
|
impending
|
adj. that is going to happen very soon; 差し迫った、今にも起こりそうな
|
|
|
impenetrable
|
adj. that cannot be entered, passed through, or seen through; 突き通せない、受け付けない、頑固な
|
|
|
impenitent
|
adj. not feeling ashamed or sorry about something bad you have done; 悔い改めない、改悛の情のない
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imperative
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adj. very important and needing immediate attention or action; 必須の、絶対に必要な、命令的な、命令
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imperceptible
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adj. very important and needing immediate attention or action; 微小な、〔微小であるために〕感知できない
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imperial
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adj. connected with an empire; 帝国の
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impertinent
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adj. rude and not showing respect for someone who is older or more important; 〔人・言動が〕厚かましくて無礼な、不作法な
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impetuous
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adj. acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the results; 激しい、せっかちな
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impetus
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n. something that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly; 起動力、勢い、弾み
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impiety
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n. being lack of respect for God and religion; 不信心
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impinge
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v. have a noticeable effect on something or someone, especially a bad one; 影響を与える、〔権利を〕侵害する、衝突する
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impious
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adj. showing a lack of respect for God and religion; 不信心な、不敬な
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implausible
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adj. not seeming reasonable or likely to be true; 信じ難い
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implement
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v. make something that has been officially decided start to happen or be used; 実行する、遂行する、（人）に手段を与える
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implicate
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v. show or suggest that someone is involved in something bad or criminal; 巻き込む、含意する
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implication
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n. a possible effect or result of an action or a decision; 含意、言外の意味
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implore
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v. ask someone to do something in an anxious way because you want or need it very much;（人）に懇願する
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imply
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v. suggest that something is true or that you feel or think something, without saying so directly; 暗に伝える、暗示する
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impolitic
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adj. not wise; 思慮の足りない、愚かな
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imponderable
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adj. difficult to measure or estimate; 評価できない、量ることのできない
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importunate
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adj. asking for things many times in a way that is annoying;〔要求・懇願などが〕しつこい、執拗な
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importune
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v. ask someone for something many times and in a way that is annoying; しつこくねだる、せがむ
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import
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n. importance; the meaning of something, especially when it is not immediately clear; 重要性、意味
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imposture
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n. an act of tricking people deliberately by pretending to be someone else;〔他人をかたって行う〕詐欺
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impotent
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adj. having no power to change things or to influence a situation; 無力な、無能な
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imprecation
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n. an offensive word that is used to express extreme anger; （人の不幸を）祈ること、罵り
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impregnable
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adj. so strongly built that it cannot be entered by force; 堅固な、難攻不落の、動じない
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impromptu
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adj. done without preparation or planning; 即興の、即席の
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impropriety
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n. behavior or actions that are dishonest, morally wrong, or not appropriate for a person in a position of responsibility; 不適当、不正
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improvident
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adj. not thinking about or planning for the future; spending money in a careless way; 先のことを考えない、先見の明のない
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improvise
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v. invent music, the words in a play, a statement, etc. while you are playing or speaking, instead of planning it in advance; 〔曲などを〕即興で作る、即興で演奏する
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imprudent
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adj. not wise or sensible; 軽率な、無分別な
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impudence
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n. being rude; not showing respect for other people; 厚かましさ、ずうずうしさ
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impugn
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v. express doubts about whether something is right, honest, etc.; 〔人の意見・誠実さなどに〕疑い［異論］を差し挟む、異議を唱える
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impuissance
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n. helplessness; powerlessness; 無気力
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impunity
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n. not getting punished for what they have done; 損害［処罰］を受けないこと、刑事免責
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impute
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v. say, often unfairly, that someone is responsible for something or has a particular quality;〔望ましくないことを〕（人）のせいにする、〔性質などを〕～に帰属させる
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inalienable
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adj. that cannot be taken away from you;〔権利などが〕譲渡できない、奪うことのできない
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inane
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adj. stupid or silly; with no meaning; 愚かな、空虚な、無意味な
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inanimate
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adj. not alive in the way that people and animals are; 生気のない、生命のない
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inarticulate
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adj. not able to express ideas or feelings clearly or easily; 不明瞭な、言葉にならない
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inaugurate
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v. introduce a new public official or leader at a special ceremony; officially open a building or start an organization with a special ceremony; 〔公式に～を〕開始する、〔式を行って建物などを〕開設する
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incandescent
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adj. giving out light when heated; 光り輝く、白熱灯の
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incantation
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n. special words that are spoken or sung to have a magic effect; the act of speaking or singing these words; まじない、呪文
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incapacitate
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v. make someone or something unable to live or work normally; 〔病気などが人から〕能力を奪う、再起不能にする
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incarcerate
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v. put someone in prison or in another place from which they cannot escape; 投獄する
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incarnate
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v. give a definite or human form to a particular idea or quality; 肉体を与える
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incarnation
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n. a period of life in a particular form; a person who represents a particular quality, for example, in human form; 肉体化
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incendiary
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adj. designed to cause fires; 放火犯
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incense
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n. a substance that produces a pleasant smell when you burn it, used particularly in religious ceremonies; 香、香料、（人）をひどく怒らせる、激怒させる
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incentive
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n. something that encourages you to do something; 動機、誘因
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inception
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n. the start of an institution, an organization, etc.; 始まり、開始
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incessant
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adj. never stopping; 絶え間のない、ひっきりなしの
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incidence
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n. the extent to which something happens or has an effect; 発生（率）、出現
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incidental
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adj. happening in connection with something else, but not as important as it, or not intended; 偶発的な、付随的な
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incipient
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adj. just beginning; 始まりの、初期の
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incisive
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adj. showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important, and the ability to express this; 鋭利な、鋭敏な
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incite
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v. encourage someone to do something violent, illegal, or unpleasant, especially by making them angry or excited; 〔人や感情を〕煽り立てる、奮い立たせる
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inclement
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adj. not pleasant; cold, wet, etc.; (天気が)荒れ模様の、無情な、厳しい
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inclined
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adj. wanting to do something; tending to do something; 傾いた、～の傾向がある
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incline
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n. a slope; 傾斜（面）、斜面、坂
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inclusive
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adj. having the total cost, or the cost of something that is mentioned, contained in the price; すべてを含んだ、包括的な
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incognito
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adj. in a way that prevents other people from finding out who you are; 身分を隠した、匿名の、匿名で
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incoherent
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adj. unable to express yourself clearly, often because of emotion; つじつまの合わない、支離滅裂な
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incommodious
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adj. causing inconvenience or discomfort; 〔部屋などが〕狭苦しい
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incompatible
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adj. not acceptable or possible together because of basic differences; 気が合わない、両立しない、相容れない、互換性が無い
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inconsistency
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n. the state in which two things cannot both be true because they give the facts in a different way; つじつまの合わない、不一致
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incontinent
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adj. lack of ability to control the bladder and bowels; 失禁の、自制できない
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incontrovertible
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adj. being true and cannot be disagreed with or denied; 議論の余地の無い
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incorporeal
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adj. without a body or form; 実体の無い、非物質的な
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incorrigible
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adj. having bad habits that cannot be changed or improved; 矯正できない、手に負えない
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incredulity
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n. being not willing or not able to believe something; showing an inability to believe something; 信じられないという思い、不信
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incredulous
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adj. not willing or not able to believe something; showing an inability to believe something; 疑うような、容易に信じない、懐疑的な
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incriminate
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v. make it seem as if someone has done something wrong or illegal; 告発する、原因とみなす
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incrustation
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n. the process of forming a hard outer covering or layer; the covering or layer that is formed; 外被、上張りの装飾
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incubate
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v. sit on its eggs in order to keep them warm until they hatch; 孵化する
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incubus
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n. a problem that makes you worry a lot;〔心の〕重荷、〔重大な〕心配事、悪夢
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inculcate
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v. cause someone to learn and remember ideas, moral principles, etc., especially by repeating them often;〔人に〕繰り返し教える
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incumbent
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adj. having an official position; 責務のある、現職の
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incursion
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n. a sudden attack on a place by foreign armies, etc.;〔他の領土への〕侵入、侵害
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incur
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v. in a situation in which you have to deal with something unpleasant; 〔損害・傷などを〕受ける、〔損失・罰などを〕被る、〔費用などを〕負担する
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indefatigable
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adj. never giving up or getting tired of doing something; 疲れ知らずの、不屈の
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indelible
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adj. impossible to forget or remove;〔絵・文字・痕跡・記憶などが〕消せない、消去できない
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indemnify
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v. promise to pay someone an amount of money if they suffer any damage or loss;《法律》償う、補償する、補填する
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indentation
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n. a cut or mark on the edge or surface of something; ギザギザ（をつけること）、へこみ、くぼみ
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indenture
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v. bind by an indenture as an apprentice or laborer;〔契約書によって〕（人）を年季奉公させる
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indicative
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adj. showing or suggesting something; 示している、暗示している
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indices
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n. a system that shows the level of prices and pay, etc. so that they can be compared with those of a previous date; 指標
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indict
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v. officially charge someone with a crime; 起訴する、告発する
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indifferent
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adj. having or showing no interest in someone or something; 関心［興味］がない、無関心な、〔質・技能などが〕普通の、平凡な
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indigenous
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adj. belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else; 固有の、生まれながらの、原産の
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indigent
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adj. very poor; 貧しい、貧乏な
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indignation
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n. a feeling of anger and surprise caused by something that you think is unfair or unreasonable;〔侮辱・不正などに対する〕憤り、怒り
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indignity
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n. a situation that makes you feel embarrassed or ashamed because you are not treated with respect; an act that causes these feelings; 侮辱、冷遇
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indiscriminate
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adj. done without thought about what the result may be, especially when it causes people to be harmed; 差別［区別］しない、無差別の
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indisputable
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adj. that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied; 議論の余地の無い
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indissoluble
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adj. that cannot be ended;〔関係などが〕永続的な、不変の
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indite
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v. produce a literary work;〔詩・手紙などを〕書く
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indomitable
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adj. not willing to accept defeat, even in a difficult situation; very brave and determined; 不屈の、断固たる
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induce
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v. persuade or influence someone to do something; 人に勧めて～させる、説いて～させる、誘発する
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inductive
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adj. using particular facts and examples to form general rules and principles; 誘導的な、帰納的な
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indulgent
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adj. tending to allow someone to have or do whatever they want; 寛大な、大目に見る
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industrious
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adj. working hard; busy; 勤勉な、熱心な
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inebriated
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adj. drunk; 酒に酔った
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ineffable
|
adj. too great or beautiful to describe in words; 言いようのない、言葉に言い表せない
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ineffectual
|
adj. without the ability to achieve much; weak; not achieving what you want to; 効果のない、無駄な
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ineluctable
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adj. that you cannot avoid; 不可避の、避けられない
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inept
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adj. acting or done with no skill; 無能な、能力に欠ける
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inequity
|
n. something that is unfair; the state of being unfair; 不公平
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inerrancy
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n. exemption from error; 間違い［誤り］のないこと
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inevitable
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adj. that you cannot avoid or prevent; 避けられない、必然的な
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inexorable
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adj. that cannot be stopped or changed; 不変の、不動の、容赦ない
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infallible
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adj. never wrong; never making mistakes; 間違いの無い、誤りを含まない
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infamous
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adj. well known for being bad or evil; 悪名高い、評判の悪い
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infantile
|
adj. typical of a small child (and therefore not suitable for adults or older children); 子供っぽい、幼稚な
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infernal
|
adj. (old-fashioned) extremely annoying; 地獄［悪魔］の（ような）
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infer
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adj. extremely annoying; 〔見聞きしたことから〕推論［推察・推測］する
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infidel
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n. an offensive way of referring to someone who does not believe in what the speaker considers to be the true religion; 不信心者、異端者
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infiltrate
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v. enter or make someone enter a place or an organization secretly, especially in order to get information that can be used against it; ～に潜入する、侵入する
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infinitesimal
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adj. extremely small; 微小の、非常に小さい
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infirmity
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n. weakness or illness over a long period; 虚弱、衰弱
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inflated
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adj. higher than is acceptable or reasonable; believing or claiming that someone or something is more important or impressive than they really are; 誇張した、大げさな、膨張した
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influx
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n. the fact of a lot of people, money, or things arriving somewhere; 流入、殺到
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infraction
|
n. an act of breaking a rule or law;〔法律などの〕違反
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infringe
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v. break a law or rule;〔権利・法律などを〕侵す、侵害する
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ingenious
|
adj. very suitable for a particular purpose and resulting from intelligent new ideas; 巧妙な、独創的な、工夫に富んだ
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ingrained
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adj. that has existed for a long time and is therefore difficult to change;〔心に〕しっかりと植え付けられた、染み付いた
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ingrate
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adj. ungrateful; 恩知らず（な人間）
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ingratiate
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v. do things in order to make someone like you, especially someone who will be useful to you; 気に入られるようにする、取り入る
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inhibit
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v. prevent something from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal;〔衝動や行動などを〕抑制する、妨げる
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inimical
|
adj. harmful to something; not helping something; 敵意のある、有害な
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inimitable
|
adj. too good or individual for anyone else to copy with the same effect; 真似できない（ほど優れた）、無類の
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iniquitous
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adj. very unfair or wrong; 不正な、不道徳な
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initiate
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v. make something begin; 始める、開始する、〔人を～に〕入会させる
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injurious
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adj. causing or likely to cause harm or damage; 有害な、傷つける、無礼な
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inkling
|
n. a slight knowledge of something that is happening or about to happen; うすうす感づくこと、ほのめかし
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innate
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adj. that you have when you are born; 生まれながらの、先天性の
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innovation
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n. the introduction of new things, ideas, or ways of doing something; 新しいアイデア［手法］、革新
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innuendo
|
n. an indirect remark about someone or something, usually suggesting something bad or offensive; the use of remarks like this;〔軽蔑的・中傷的な〕当て付け、暗示
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inopportune
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adj. happening at a bad time; 都合の悪い、時機を失した
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inordinate
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adj. far more than is usual or expected; 法外な、過度の
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inquisitor
|
n. a person who asks a lot of difficult questions, especially in a way that makes you feel threatened; 〔嫌になるほどたくさんの質問をする〕尋問者
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insalubrious
|
adj. dirty and with many things that need to be repaired, cleaned, or replaced;〔環境などが〕健康に良くない、不衛生な
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insatiable
|
adj. always wanting more of something; not able to be satisfied; 飽くことを知らない、強欲な
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inscrutable
|
adj. hard to know what they are thinking or feeling, because they do not show any emotion;〔人が感情や反応を顔に表さないので〕何を考えているのか分からない、不可解な、なぞめいた
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insensate
|
adj. lacking physical sensation; lacking sympathy or compassion; 無感覚な、無意識の
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insidious
|
adj. spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm; こっそり企まれた、知らぬ間に進行する、潜行性の
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insightful
|
adj. showing a clear understanding of a person or situation; 洞察力のある
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insolence
|
n. extremely rude and showing a lack of respect; 横柄［傲慢］（な言動）
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insolvent
|
adj. not having enough money to pay what you owe; 一文なしの、支払不能の、破産した
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insomnia
|
n. the condition of being unable to sleep; 不眠症
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insouciant
|
adj. not being worried about anything; 無頓着な
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instigate
|
adj. cause something bad to happen; 駆り立てる、〔人を悪い方向へ〕唆す、扇動する
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insubordination
|
n. the refusal to obey orders or show respect for someone who has a higher rank;〔上位者に対する〕不服従
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insubstantial
|
adj. not very large, strong, or important; 実体の無い、不十分な
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insuperable
|
adj. that cannot be dealt with successfully; 〔問題・困難などが〕対処不可能な、克服できない
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insurgent
|
adj. related to fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country; 反乱［暴動］の
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insurmountable
|
adj. that cannot be dealt with successfully; 打ち勝つことができない、克服できない
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insurrection
|
n. a situation in which a large group of people try to take political control of their own country with violence; 反乱、暴動
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intangible
|
adj. that exists but that is difficult to describe, understand, or measure; 漠然とした、不可解な
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integral
|
adj. being an essential part of something;〔全体を構成する上で〕なくてはならない、不可欠の、完全に揃った
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integrate
|
v. combine two or more things so that they work together; まとめる、統合する、一体化する
|
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|
integrity
|
n. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; 誠実、高潔、完全（な状態）
|
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|
intellect
|
n. the ability to think in a logical way and understand things, especially at an advanced level; your mind; 知性、思考力
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intelligentsia
|
n. the people in a country or society who are well educated and are interested in culture, politics, literature, etc.; インテリ、知識（人）階層
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interdict
|
v. forbid; 禁止する、差し止める
|
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interim
|
n. the period of time between two events; 合間、しばらくの間
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interloper
|
n. a person who is present in a place or a situation where they do not belong; 侵入者
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interminable
|
adj. lasting a very long time and therefore boring or annoying; 飽きるほど長い、長ったらしい、果てしない
|
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intermittent
|
adj. stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly; 一時的に止まる、断続的な
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internecine
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adj. happening between members of the same group, country, or organization; 内輪同士の、互いに殺し合う
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interpolate
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v. make a remark that interrupts a conversation; add something to a piece of writing;（文章に語句を）挿入する、改ざんする
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interregnum
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n. a period of time during which a country, an organization, etc. does not have a leader and is waiting for a new one;〔最高権威者のいない〕空白期間
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interrogate
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v. ask someone a lot of questions over a long period of time, especially in an aggressive way;（人）に問いただす、根掘り葉掘り尋ねる
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intervene
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v. become involved in a situation in order to improve or help it; 間に入る、介入する
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inter
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v. bury a dead person; 埋葬する、葬る
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intimate
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adj. having a close and friendly relationship; 熟知した、親密な、内々の、～を暗に知らせる、暗示する
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intimidate
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v. frighten or threaten someone so that they will do what you want; 怖がらせる、脅迫する
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intrepid
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adj. very brave; not afraid of danger or difficulties; 勇敢な、大胆（不敵）な
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intrinsic
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adj. belonging to or part of the real nature of something or someone; 本来備わっている、本質的な
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introspective
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adj. tending to think a lot about your own thoughts, feelings, etc.; 内省的な、自己反省の
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introvert
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n. a quiet person who is more interested in their own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people; 内向的な（人）、内気な（人）
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intrude
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v. go or be somewhere where you are not wanted or are not supposed to be; 侵入する、入り込む
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intuition
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n. the ability to know something by using your feelings rather than considering the facts; 直観
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inveigh
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v. criticize someone or something strongly; 痛烈に非難する、激しく抗議する
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inveigle
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v. achieve control over someone in a dishonest but skillful way, especially so that they will do what you want;〔甘言を使って～を〕説き伏せる、丸め込む
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inverse
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adj. opposite in amount or position to something else; 逆の
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invert
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v. change the normal position of something, especially by turning it upside down or by arranging it in the opposite order;〔位置・方向・順序などを〕逆さにする、反対にする
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inveterate
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adj. always doing something or enjoying something, and unlikely to stop;〔習慣や悪癖などが〕常習的な、慢性の
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invidious
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adj. unpleasant and unfair; likely to offend someone or make them jealous;〔言動などが〕不愉快な、不公平な、しゃくに障る
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invincible
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adj. too strong to be defeated or changed;〔人や物が〕どんなことにも打ち負けない、無敵の
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inviolable
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adj. that must be respected and not attacked or destroyed;〔規則・約束などが〕破ってはならない、破ることのできない
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invocation
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〔権威あるものに対する〕嘆願、訴え
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invoke
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思い起こさせる、〔法律の条項などを〕行使する、祈願する、〔プログラムを〕呼び出す
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invulnerable
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傷つくことのない、難攻不落の
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iota
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微小、ごく少量
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irate
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激怒した、怒った
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iridescent
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玉虫色の、虹色の
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irksome
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厄介な、うんざりするような、退屈な
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ironic
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皮肉な、風刺的な
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irony
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皮肉、反語、風刺
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irreconcilable
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〔他の物と〕共存できない、一致しない
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irrefutable
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〔証拠・事実・理論などが〕反論できない
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irrelevant
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見当違いの、無関係の
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irremediable
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直すことができない、治療のできない
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irreparable
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修理［回復］不可能な、取り返しのつかない
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irrepressible
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〔衝動や感情などが〕抑えられない
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irreproachable
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とがめようのない、申し分ない
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irretrievable
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取り返しのつかない、回復できない
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irreverence
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不敬（な言動）、不遜
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irrevocable
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取り返しのつかない、取消しできない
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isotope
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アイソトープ、同位元素
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isthmus
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地峡
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itinerant
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あちこち旅する、世界を飛び回る
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jabber
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ペチャクチャしゃべる、早口でしゃべる
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jaded
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疲れ切った、飽き飽きした
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jargon
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特殊用語、専門用語
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jaundiced
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偏見を持った、黄疸にかかった
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jaunty
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のんきな、快活な、陽気な
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jaunt
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小旅行、遠足
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jeopardize
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危うくする、危険にさらす
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jettison
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〔船外に〕投げ捨てる
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jibe
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一致する
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jingoist
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感情的な愛国主義者
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jocose
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こっけいな、ふざけた
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jocular
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おどけた、滑稽な
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jocund
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陽気な
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jollity
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陽気、お祭り騒ぎ
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jostle
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～を乱暴に押す、押しのける
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jovial
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陽気な、気持ちの良い
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jubilation
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歓喜、歓声をあげて喜ぶこと
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judicious
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思慮深い、思慮分別のある
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juggernaut
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人を犠牲にするもの、絶対的な力、不可抗力的なもの
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juncture
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危機、連結点
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junket
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視察旅行
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junta
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（クーデター直後の）臨時政府、秘密結社
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jurisprudence
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法学、法律学
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justification
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正当化、正当とする理由
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juxtapose
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〔対比させるために〕～を並べて置く、～を並置する
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kaleidoscope
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万華鏡
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ken
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知識（の範囲）
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kernel
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《植物》外皮の中の実［種子］、中核、核心
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killjoy
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（楽しみに）水を差す人、場を白けさせる人
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kindle
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（火を）つける、（火）をおこす
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kindred
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親族の、親類の、同類の
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kinetic
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運動（上）の、動的な
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kismet
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運命
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kleptomaniac
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窃盗狂の人、盗癖者
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knave
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信用のできない人間、悪党
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knead
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練る、こねる
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knell
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弔鐘、悲しみの鐘
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knit
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編む、しっかり組み合わせる
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knoll
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小山
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knotty
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節のある、結び目の多い、複雑な
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kudos
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名声、栄光、称賛
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labile
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変化しやすい、《化》不安定な
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laborious
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〔仕事などが〕多くの時間と労力を要する、骨の折れる
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labyrinth
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迷路、〔迷路のように〕複雑なこと
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laceration
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傷つけること、裂傷
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lachrymose
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〔人が〕涙もろい、涙を誘う
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lackadaisical
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やる気のない、活気のない
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lackluster
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活気のない、さえない
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laggard
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〔他より〕遅れがちな、遅い、のろま、鈍い人
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lagoon
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小さな沼、潟、潟湖
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laity
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平の信者たち、素人（連）
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lambaste
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厳しく批判［非難］する
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lament
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悲しむ
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lampoon
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風刺文学［作品］、皮肉、激しく風刺する
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lancet
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ランセット
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languid
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元気［活気］がない、弱々しい、のろい
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languish
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元気がなくなる、切望する
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languor
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〔身体の〕無力感、〔精神の〕けだるさ
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lank
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ひょろ長い、やせ細った
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lap
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〔犬・猫などが〕～をペロペロなめる、〔波が〕～に打ち寄せる、ひざ
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larceny
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《法律》窃盗（罪）
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larder
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食料貯蔵室［庫］
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lascivious
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みだらな、わいせつな
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lateral
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横［側面］(の)、《言語学》側音(の)
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latitude
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自由、自由度、許容度
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lavish
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気前よく与える、浪費する、ぜいたくな、浪費の
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lax
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〔人の態度などが〕だらしない
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leaven
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徐々に変化させる、陽気にする
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lechery
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〔男性の〕好色、わいせつな行為
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lectern
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書見台
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leery
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疑い深い、狡猾な
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leeway
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〔時間・金などの〕余裕、行動の自由
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legacy
|
遺産
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legend
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〔地図の〕凡例
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legerdemain
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〔手で行う〕手品、奇術
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leniency
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寛大さ、慈悲深さ、甘さ
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leonine
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ライオンの（ような）
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lethal
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致命的な、死をもたらす
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levitate
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〔魔術で〕空中浮揚する
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levy
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〔税金などを〕課す、徴収する
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lewd
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わいせつな、みだらな
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lexicographer
|
辞書編集者
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lexicon
|
用語集、辞書
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liability
|
負債、債務、厄介な物[人]
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liaison
|
連絡、連絡窓口、密通
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libel
|
名誉棄損、侮辱、中傷する、告訴する
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libertine
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放蕩者
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libidinous
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肉欲的な、みだらな
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libido
|
《精神分析》リビドー、性的衝動、性欲
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libretto
|
〔歌劇などの〕台本
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licentious
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〔性的に〕みだらな
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lien
|
《法律》先取特権、抵当権
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ligneous
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木質の、木のような
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lilliputian
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非常に小さな
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limber
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〔物・体・考え方などが〕柔軟な
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limbo
|
辺獄、地獄の辺土
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limn
|
〔言葉で～を〕説明する、描写する、〔～の輪郭を絵で〕描く
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limpid
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透明な、理解しやすい
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lineage
|
血筋、家柄
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lineament
|
顔立ち、人相
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linger
|
長居する、居残る、いつまでも残る
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linguistic
|
言語学の
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lionize
|
〔人を〕重要人物として扱う
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liquidate
|
〔負債などを〕清算する
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listless
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疲れて気の抜けた、無関心な
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list
|
表を作る、表に載せる、傾く
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litany
|
連祷、長談義
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lithe
|
しなやかな、柔軟な
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litigation
|
訴訟、告訴
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litotes
|
緩叙（法）
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livid
|
鉛色の、青黒い、青ざめた
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loathe
|
～をひどく嫌う
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loath
|
嫌々の、渋々の
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lode
|
鉱脈、豊かな源泉
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lofty
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〔山などが〕非常に高い、〔人が〕高尚な、気高い
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loiter
|
当てもなくぶらつく、ブラブラする
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loll
|
だらしなく座る、ダラダラと過ごす
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longevity
|
長生き、長寿
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loom
|
ぼんやりと［不気味に］現れる、巨大な姿を現す、織機
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lope
|
軽やかに走る
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lout
|
〈軽蔑的〉ぐず、うすのろ
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low
|
〔ウシが〕モーと鳴く
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lucrative
|
儲かる、金になる
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lucre
|
〔不正に得た〕金、もうけ
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ludicrous
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滑稽な、ばかげた
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lugubrious
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痛ましい、悲しげな
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lull
|
一時的な静止、落ち着いた状態、なだめる、なだめて寝かしつける
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lumber
|
重々しく動く、ドシンドシンと歩く、木を伐採して製材する
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lumen
|
《光学》ルーメン
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luminary
|
優れた人、指導者、〔太陽や星などの〕天体
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lunar
|
月の
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lunge
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突き刺す、突き出す、突き
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lurid
|
身の毛もよだつような、ぞっとするような、〔色が〕どぎつい
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lurk
|
待ち伏せする、こそこそ動く、気付かれずにいる
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luscious
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美味しい、香りが良い
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luster
|
光沢、輝き
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lustrous
|
光沢のある
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luxuriant
|
豊かな、繁茂した、華麗な
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macabre
|
気味の悪い
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macerate
|
〔液体に浸して〕～を柔らかくする、〔断食などで〕～をやせ衰えさせる
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mace
|
〔儀式で使う〕職杖
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Machiavellian
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マキアベリ的な、策略にたけた
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machination
|
たくらみ、策謀
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maculated
|
斑点［汚点］のある、汚れた
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madrigal
|
牧歌
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maelstrom
|
大渦巻き、大混乱
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magisterial
|
権威のある、尊大な
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magnate
|
（業界の）有力者、大物
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magniloquent
|
誇張した、大言壮語した
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magnitude
|
規模、等級、重要さ
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maim
|
重傷を負わせる
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maladroit
|
不器用な
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malady
|
病気、疾病
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malaise
|
イライラ、気分のすぐれない状態
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malapropism
|
言葉の誤用
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malcontent
|
（慢性的な）不満のある人、不満分子
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malediction
|
のろい、中傷、悪口
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malefactor
|
悪人、犯罪者
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malevolent
|
悪意のある、邪悪な
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malfeasance
|
違法行為
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malicious
|
意地の悪い、悪意のある
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malignant
|
悪性の
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malign
|
悪口を言う、中傷する
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malodorous
|
悪臭を放つ、嫌な匂いのする
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mammal
|
哺乳動物
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mammoth
|
巨大な、とてつもなく大きい
|
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manacle
|
束縛する、手錠［手枷］を掛ける
|
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mandate
|
命令する、委任、委任統治
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mandatory
|
強制的な、命令の
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mangy
|
汚らしい、不潔な
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maniacal
|
熱狂的な、狂気のような
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manifestation
|
明らかにすること、明示、表明
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|
manifesto
|
宣言（書）、声明（書）
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manifest
|
明らかにする、明白な、積荷目録
|
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manifold
|
種々の、多種多様な
|
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manipulate
|
〔手で〕操作する、巧みに扱う
|
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mannered
|
わざとらしい、不自然な
|
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manumit
|
〔奴隷を〕解放する
|
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marital
|
結婚生活の、結婚の
|
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maritime
|
海の、臨海の、船員の
|
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marked
|
際立った、著しい
|
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marred
|
傷つけられた、台無しにされた
|
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|
marshal
|
配列される、整列させる、元帥、消防署長
|
|
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marsupial
|
《動物》有袋類、有袋動物
|
|
|
martial
|
好戦的な、勇敢な
|
|
|
martinet
|
〔規律に〕やかましい［厳格］な人
|
|
|
martyr
|
殉教者、犠牲者
|
|
|
masochist
|
マゾヒスト、被虐性愛者
|
|
|
masticate
|
〔食物を〕かむ
|
|
|
materialism
|
物質主義
|
|
|
maternal
|
母（親）の
|
|
|
matriarch
|
〔家族や部族の〕女家長、女族長
|
|
|
matriculate
|
〔大学などに〕入学［入会］する
|
|
|
matrix
|
行列、母体、鋳型
|
|
|
maudlin
|
感傷的な、涙もろい
|
|
|
maul
|
斧で割る、乱暴に扱う、酷評する
|
|
|
mausoleum
|
壮大な墓、廟、陵
|
|
|
mauve
|
ふじ色（の）
|
|
|
mawkish
|
泣き上戸の、過度に感傷的な
|
|
|
maxim
|
格言、処世訓、（行動）原理
|
|
|
mayhem
|
傷害、暴力、騒乱、騒動
|
|
|
meager
|
わずかな、貧弱な
|
|
|
mealymouthed
|
〔自分の考えなどを〕はっきりと言わない、遠回しに言う
|
|
|
meander
|
曲がりくねって進む
|
|
|
meddlesome
|
おせっかいな
|
|
|
mediate
|
調停する、仲裁する
|
|
|
mediocre
|
〔質・技能などが〕二流の、あまり良くない
|
|
|
meditation
|
めい想、熟慮
|
|
|
medium
|
〔生物の〕生活環境、《生化学》培地、媒体、情報伝達手段
|
|
|
medley
|
メドレー、寄せ集め
|
|
|
meek
|
おとなしい、柔和な
|
|
|
megalomania
|
誇大妄想狂
|
|
|
melancholy
|
憂うつな、物悲しい
|
|
|
melee
|
〔多数の人々の〕大混雑、雑踏
|
|
|
mellifluous
|
〔音楽・声の調子などが〕滑らかな
|
|
|
memento
|
記念の品、形見、遺品
|
|
|
memorialize
|
記念する
|
|
|
menagerie
|
見世物用に集めた動物
|
|
|
mendicant
|
乞食、物もらい
|
|
|
menial
|
〔屋敷内で働く〕召使い、〔作業や仕事が〕単調な
|
|
|
mentor
|
信頼のおける相談相手、良き指導者
|
|
|
mercantile
|
商業の、商人の
|
|
|
mercenary
|
傭兵、金目当ての
|
|
|
mercurial
|
頭の回転の速い、抜け目のない、〔感情の変化が〕気まぐれな
|
|
|
meretricious
|
外見は良いが無価値の、虚飾の
|
|
|
merger
|
合併、融合
|
|
|
mesmerize
|
催眠術をかける、魅惑する
|
|
|
metallurgical
|
冶金の、冶金術の
|
|
|
metaphor
|
隠喩、暗喩
|
|
|
metaphysical
|
形而上学の
|
|
|
meteoric
|
〔流星のように〕素早い、一時的な、華々しい
|
|
|
mete
|
分け与える、測る
|
|
|
methodical
|
整然とした、順序だった
|
|
|
metropolis
|
主要都市、大都市
|
|
|
mettle
|
勇気、気概、気質
|
|
|
miasma
|
毒気、瘴気
|
|
|
microcosm
|
小宇宙、縮図
|
|
|
migrant
|
移住性の
|
|
|
migratory
|
移住性の、移住する
|
|
|
milieu
|
社会的環境、環境、境遇
|
|
|
militant
|
好戦的な
|
|
|
militate
|
作用する、影響を及ぼす
|
|
|
millennium
|
千年間
|
|
|
mimicry
|
模倣
|
|
|
minatory
|
脅迫的な
|
|
|
mincing
|
上品ぶった、気取った
|
|
|
minion
|
子分、召使い
|
|
|
minuscule
|
極小の、極めて小さい
|
|
|
minute
|
極めて小さい、微小な
|
|
|
minutiae
|
細かな点、ささいなこと
|
|
|
mirage
|
蜃気楼、幻覚
|
|
|
mire
|
沼地に落ち込ませる、窮地に陥らせる
|
|
|
mirth
|
陽気、浮かれ騒ぎ、歓喜
|
|
|
misadventure
|
偶発事故、不運（な出来事）
|
|
|
misapprehension
|
誤解
|
|
|
miscellany
|
寄せ集め、文集
|
|
|
mischance
|
不運（から生じた状況）
|
|
|
misconstrue
|
誤解する、間違って解釈する
|
|
|
miscreant
|
無信仰者、悪人
|
|
|
misdemeanor
|
軽犯罪、非行
|
|
|
miserly
|
けちな
|
|
|
misgiving
|
懸念、不安、疑念
|
|
|
mishap
|
不幸な出来事、災難、不運
|
|
|
misnomer
|
誤った［間違った］名称
|
|
|
misogamy
|
結婚嫌い
|
|
|
misogynist
|
女嫌いの人
|
|
|
missile
|
飛び道具、ミサイル
|
|
|
missive
|
書状、公文書
|
|
|
mite
|
ごく小さいもの、わずかのお金、ダニ
|
|
|
mnemonic
|
記憶の、記憶を助ける
|
|
|
mobile
|
動きやすい、可動性の
|
|
|
mock
|
ばかにする、無視する
|
|
|
modicum
|
少量、小さな塊
|
|
|
modish
|
現代風の
|
|
|
modulate
|
～を調節する、～の調子を和らげる
|
|
|
mogul
|
重要人物、大御所
|
|
|
molecule
|
分子、微粒子
|
|
|
mollycoddle
|
過保護に扱う、甘やかす
|
|
|
molten
|
溶かされた、融解された
|
|
|
molt
|
生え変わる
|
|
|
momentous
|
重大な
|
|
|
monarchy
|
君主制、君主政治
|
|
|
monastic
|
修道院の、修道士の
|
|
|
monetary
|
通貨の、貨幣の
|
|
|
monochromatic
|
単色の
|
|
|
monolithic
|
巨大な、一枚岩、完全に統制された
|
|
|
monotheism
|
一神論
|
|
|
monotony
|
単調さ
|
|
|
monumental
|
〔記念碑のように〕非常に大きな、巨大な
|
|
|
moodiness
|
怒りっぽさ、不機嫌
|
|
|
moratorium
|
モラトリアム、支払猶予（期間）、一時停止
|
|
|
morbid
|
病的な、病気の、不健全な
|
|
|
mordant
|
皮肉な、ヒリヒリする、色止め料
|
|
|
mores
|
歴史的慣習、道徳観、道徳的考え方
|
|
|
moribund
|
停滞している、消滅寸前の
|
|
|
mortician
|
葬儀屋
|
|
|
mortify
|
（人）に恥をかかせる、〔肉体や欲望などを〕自制する
|
|
|
mosaic
|
寄せ木細工、モザイク
|
|
|
mote
|
ほこり
|
|
|
motif
|
動機、テーマ
|
|
|
motility
|
《生物》運動性
|
|
|
motley
|
種々雑多の、多色の
|
|
|
mottled
|
まだらの、シミだらけの
|
|
|
mountebank
|
詐欺師、ペテン師
|
|
|
muddle
|
ごちゃ混ぜにする、混乱させる
|
|
|
muggy
|
〔気候が〕蒸し暑い、暑苦しい
|
|
|
mulct
|
〔人から金などを〕だまし取る
|
|
|
multifarious
|
多種多様の
|
|
|
multiform
|
多形（態）の、多様式の
|
|
|
multilingual
|
多数の言語を用いた
|
|
|
multiplicity
|
多様（性）、多重度
|
|
|
munificent
|
気前の良い、惜しみなく与える
|
|
|
mural
|
壁画
|
|
|
murky
|
真っ暗な、不透明な、曇っている、理解しにくい
|
|
|
muse
|
熟考する、考えにふける
|
|
|
musky
|
麝香（質）の、麝香の香りの
|
|
|
muster
|
集める、〔人の〕集合
|
|
|
musty
|
かび臭い
|
|
|
mutability
|
変わりやすさ、むら気
|
|
|
muted
|
〔音が〕弱められた、消音された
|
|
|
mutilate
|
～を損傷により損なう
|
|
|
mutinous
|
暴動の、反抗的な
|
|
|
myopic
|
近視眼的な、《医》近視の
|
|
|
myriad
|
無数、無数の
|
|
|
nadir
|
《天文》天底
|
|
|
naivete
|
単純、素朴、天真爛漫
|
|
|
narcissist
|
ナルシスト、自己陶酔者
|
|
|
narrative
|
物語から成る、物語的な
|
|
|
nascent
|
発生［出現］しようとしている、発生期の
|
|
|
natation
|
水泳
|
|
|
natty
|
〔身なり・服装が〕こぎれいな、粋な
|
|
|
nauseate
|
吐き気を催させる
|
|
|
nautical
|
航海の、船舶の
|
|
|
navigable
|
〔川・湖・海などが〕航行可能な
|
|
|
nebulous
|
不透明な、星雲の
|
|
|
necromancy
|
黒魔術
|
|
|
nefarious
|
極悪な、非道な
|
|
|
negligence
|
怠慢、《法律》過失
|
|
|
negligible
|
無視してよい、ごくわずかな、取るに足らない
|
|
|
nemesis
|
報復する人、歯が立たない敵
|
|
|
neologism
|
新語、新造語
|
|
|
nepotism
|
縁故主義
|
|
|
nether
|
下の、地下の
|
|
|
nettle
|
《植物》イラクサ、苛立たせる
|
|
|
nexus
|
結び付き、重なり方
|
|
|
nib
|
ペン先、くちばし
|
|
|
nicety
|
細やかさ、几帳面さ、わずかな差
|
|
|
niggardly
|
けちな、わずかな
|
|
|
niggle
|
小さなことにくよくよする、つまらぬことで悩む、あら探しする
|
|
|
nihilist
|
虚無主義者
|
|
|
nip
|
～をかみ切る、〔成長や発展などを〕抑える、〔寒さで～を〕ひりひりさせる
|
|
|
nirvana
|
《ヒンドゥー・仏教》涅槃、解脱
|
|
|
nocturnal
|
夜行性の、夜の
|
|
|
noisome
|
嫌な匂いの、健康に悪い
|
|
|
nomadic
|
遊牧民の、遊牧的な
|
|
|
nomenclature
|
命名（法）、用語体系
|
|
|
nominal
|
名ばかりの、ほんのわずかな、名詞句
|
|
|
nonchalance
|
無関心、無頓着
|
|
|
noncommittal
|
態度をはっきりさせない、曖昧な
|
|
|
nondescript
|
何とも言いようのない、特徴のない
|
|
|
nonentity
|
取るに足りない［つまらない］人
|
|
|
nonplus
|
当惑させる、途方に暮れさせる
|
|
|
nostalgia
|
懐旧、懐古の情、ノスタルジア
|
|
|
nostrum
|
いんちき薬
|
|
|
notable
|
注目に値する、著名な
|
|
|
notoriety
|
悪評、悪名、悪名の高い人
|
|
|
novelty
|
新規性、目新しいこと
|
|
|
novice
|
未熟者、初心者
|
|
|
noxious
|
有毒な、有害な
|
|
|
nuance
|
微妙な差異、ニュアンス、～に特別な意味合いを持たせる
|
|
|
nubile
|
〔女性が〕年ごろの、結婚適齢期の
|
|
|
nugatory
|
無価値な
|
|
|
nullify
|
無効にする、取り消す
|
|
|
numismatist
|
貨幣学者、貨幣収集家
|
|
|
nuptial
|
結婚の、結婚式の
|
|
|
nurture
|
育てる、養育する、はぐくむ
|
|
|
nutrient
|
栄養物、栄養素
|
|
|
oaf
|
無骨者、のろま
|
|
|
obeisance
|
敬礼、おじぎ
|
|
|
obelisk
|
方尖塔
|
|
|
obese
|
太り過ぎの、肥満体の
|
|
|
obfuscate
|
ぼかす、分かりにくくする、混乱させる
|
|
|
obituary
|
死亡記事、死亡広告
|
|
|
objective
|
客観的な、目的、目標
|
|
|
obligatory
|
義務的な、強制的な
|
|
|
oblique
|
遠回しの、傾いた、斜めの
|
|
|
obliterate
|
消し去る、取り除く
|
|
|
oblivion
|
忘れられている状態、忘却、恩赦
|
|
|
oblivious
|
忘れっぽい、気付かない
|
|
|
obloquy
|
中傷、悪口、不名誉
|
|
|
obnoxious
|
〔人が顕著に〕反抗的な、不快な
|
|
|
obscure
|
不明瞭な、曖昧な、見えなくする、分かりにくくする、〔人が〕無名の
|
|
|
obsequy
|
葬儀、葬式
|
|
|
obsessive
|
強迫観念の、取り付かれた（ような）
|
|
|
obsidian
|
《鉱物》黒曜石
|
|
|
obsolete
|
時代遅れの、旧式の
|
|
|
obstetrician
|
産科医
|
|
|
obstinate
|
頑固な
|
|
|
obstreperous
|
騒々しい
|
|
|
obtrude
|
出しゃばる、〔自分を〕押し付ける、押し出す、突き出す
|
|
|
obtuse
|
〔知能・知覚などが〕鈍感な、尖っていない
|
|
|
Occident
|
西洋、欧米
|
|
|
occult
|
超自然的な力の、神秘的な
|
|
|
oculist
|
眼科医、検眼士
|
|
|
odious
|
いやらしい、忌まわしい
|
|
|
odium
|
憎悪
|
|
|
odoriferous
|
においを放つ、香りの良い
|
|
|
odorous
|
匂いのする
|
|
|
odyssey
|
長い冒険、長期の放浪
|
|
|
offensive
|
攻撃的な、侮辱的な
|
|
|
offhand
|
即座の、無造作な、ぶっきらぼうな
|
|
|
ogle
|
じろじろ見る、いやらしい目つきで見る
|
|
|
olfactory
|
《医》嗅覚の、嗅覚器官、嗅神経
|
|
|
oligarchy
|
寡頭政治
|
|
|
omnipotent
|
不吉な、縁起の悪い
|
|
|
omnipresent
|
同時にどこにでもある
|
|
|
omniscient
|
博識者、全知の
|
|
|
omnivorous
|
雑食性の
|
|
|
onomatopoeia
|
擬音語、擬声語
|
|
|
onslaught
|
〔圧倒的な〕猛攻、襲来
|
|
|
onus
|
負荷、責任
|
|
|
opalescent
|
オパール色をした、乳白光を発する
|
|
|
opaque
|
くすんだ、不透明な、曖昧な
|
|
|
opiate
|
眠気を誘う薬、鎮静剤
|
|
|
opportune
|
好都合の、好時期の
|
|
|
opportunist
|
日和見主義者
|
|
|
optician
|
眼鏡商、眼鏡技師
|
|
|
optimist
|
楽観主義者
|
|
|
optimum
|
最適な、最善の、最適条件
|
|
|
optional
|
選択が自由の、任意の
|
|
|
optometrist
|
検眼医、検眼士
|
|
|
opulence
|
富裕
|
|
|
opus
|
音楽作品、著作、映画作品
|
|
|
oracular
|
神託の（ような）、予言者的な
|
|
|
oratorio
|
《音楽》オラトリオ、聖譚曲
|
|
|
orator
|
演説者、雄弁家
|
|
|
ordain
|
規定する、命じる、〔牧師・僧侶などに〕叙任する、運命づける
|
|
|
ordeal
|
厳しい試練、難儀
|
|
|
ordinance
|
〔権力者の〕命令、布告
|
|
|
ordination
|
〔カトリックの〕叙階式、〔正教会の〕叙聖式
|
|
|
orgy
|
飲めや歌えの大騒ぎ、どんちゃん騒ぎ
|
|
|
orientation
|
〔環境などへの〕適応（指導）、順応、オリエンテーション
|
|
|
orient
|
東洋、適応させる、正しい方向に置く
|
|
|
orifice
|
〔人体の〕開口部
|
|
|
ornate
|
どぎつく飾りたてた、華美な
|
|
|
ornithologist
|
鳥類学者
|
|
|
orthodox
|
正統な、正統派の
|
|
|
orthography
|
正字法、正書法
|
|
|
osseous
|
骨の［から成る]
|
|
|
ossify
|
骨化する、骨化させる
|
|
|
ostensible
|
表向きの、見せかけの
|
|
|
ostracize
|
追放する、仲間外れにする
|
|
|
oust
|
追い払う、追い出す
|
|
|
outlandish
|
外国風の、風変わりな、異様な
|
|
|
outmoded
|
流行遅れの、時代遅れの
|
|
|
outskirts
|
町はずれ、郊外
|
|
|
outspoken
|
率直な、遠慮のない
|
|
|
outstrip
|
～より勝る、～を追い越す
|
|
|
outwit
|
～の裏をかく、～を出し抜く
|
|
|
ovation
|
大喝采、熱烈な歓迎
|
|
|
overbearing
|
高圧的な、横柄な
|
|
|
overt
|
公然の、あからさまな
|
|
|
overweening
|
軽蔑的な、生意気な
|
|
|
overwrought
|
〔神経が〕張り詰めた、高ぶった
|
|
|
ovoid
|
卵型の
|
|
|
pachyderm
|
厚皮動物
|
|
|
pacifist
|
平和主義者
|
|
|
pacify
|
なだめる、静める
|
|
|
paean
|
歓喜の歌、賛歌
|
|
|
painstaking
|
入念な、綿密な
|
|
|
palatable
|
快い、口に合う、味の良い、受け入れやすい
|
|
|
palate
|
口蓋、味覚
|
|
|
palatial
|
〔建築物が〕宮殿の（ような）
|
|
|
paleontology
|
古生物学
|
|
|
palette
|
パレット、絵の具板
|
|
|
palimpsest
|
パリンプセスト
|
|
|
pallet
|
わら布団、粗末なベッド
|
|
|
palliate
|
和らげる、(罪などを)軽く見せかける
|
|
|
pallid
|
青白い、〔芸当・演技などが〕面白くない
|
|
|
pall
|
飽きさせる、興味を失わせる
|
|
|
palpable
|
容易に分かる、明白な
|
|
|
palpitate
|
〔心臓が〕ドキドキする、震える
|
|
|
paltry
|
微々たる、無価値な
|
|
|
panacea
|
万能薬、〔あらゆる問題の〕解決策
|
|
|
panache
|
堂々とした様子、華々しさ
|
|
|
pandemic
|
（病気が）全地域にわたる、全国［世界］に流行している
|
|
|
pandemonium
|
悪魔の巣窟、大混乱（の場所）、地獄
|
|
|
pander
|
迎合する
|
|
|
panegyric
|
〔人・物を大いにほめる〕賛辞
|
|
|
panoramic
|
パノラマ（式）の、全景の見える
|
|
|
pantomime
|
〔身ぶりと表情だけで演じる〕無言劇、パントマイム
|
|
|
pan
|
ひどくけなす、酷評する
|
|
|
papyrus
|
パピルス（紙）
|
|
|
parable
|
寓話、比喩、たとえ話
|
|
|
paradigm
|
パラダイム、理論的枠組み、模範、実例
|
|
|
paradox
|
逆説、パラドックス、逆理
|
|
|
parallelism
|
並列性、類似点
|
|
|
parameter
|
パラメーター、媒介変数、限界
|
|
|
paramount
|
最重要の
|
|
|
paramour
|
〔不倫の相手としての〕愛人、恋人
|
|
|
paranoia
|
〔精神病理学の〕偏執症、パラノイア、妄想症
|
|
|
paraphernalia
|
手回り品、身の回り品
|
|
|
paraphrase
|
言い換える
|
|
|
parasite
|
寄生生物、ごまをする人
|
|
|
parched
|
〔暑さのために〕乾燥した
|
|
|
pariah
|
社会ののけ者、パーリア
|
|
|
parity
|
同等、一致、等価
|
|
|
parlance
|
専門用語、業界用語
|
|
|
parley
|
討議、（和平）交渉
|
|
|
parochial
|
視野が狭い、教会区の
|
|
|
parody
|
パロディー、滑稽な物真似
|
|
|
paroxysm
|
激発、発作
|
|
|
parquet
|
寄せ木細工［寄木張り］の床
|
|
|
parry
|
〔フェンシングなどの攻撃の〕かわし、言い逃れ
|
|
|
parsimony
|
極度の倹約
|
|
|
partiality
|
えこひいき、不公平
|
|
|
partial
|
不完全な、〔～が〕とても好きな
|
|
|
partition
|
分割する、区分化する
|
|
|
passe
|
色あせた、流行［時代］遅れの
|
|
|
passive
|
受動的な、活動的でない
|
|
|
pastiche
|
〔芸術作品などの〕模倣、寄せ集め
|
|
|
pastoral
|
田園の、牧師の、羊飼いの
|
|
|
patent
|
明らかな
|
|
|
pathetic
|
痛ましい、哀れな、感傷的な
|
|
|
pathos
|
哀愁（感）、情念、悲痛
|
|
|
patina
|
緑青、古つや
|
|
|
patois
|
方言、地方訛り
|
|
|
patriarch
|
〔家族や部族の男の〕家長、家父長
|
|
|
patrician
|
貴族、上流階級
|
|
|
patronize
|
〔芸術家などを〕後援する、〔人の〕上に立った態度を取る
|
|
|
pauper
|
非常に貧乏な人、貧困者
|
|
|
peccadillo
|
小さな過ち、微罪
|
|
|
pecuniary
|
金銭（上）の
|
|
|
pedagogue
|
教育者、教師
|
|
|
pedagogy
|
教育学、教授（法）
|
|
|
pedant
|
学者ぶる人、空論家、融通が利かない人
|
|
|
pedestrian
|
平凡な、ありきたりの、歩行の
|
|
|
pediatrician
|
小児科医
|
|
|
peerless
|
二つとない、比類のない、無比の
|
|
|
pejorative
|
軽蔑語、悪口、軽蔑的な
|
|
|
pell-mell
|
混乱して、めちゃくちゃに
|
|
|
pellucid
|
〔水などが〕透明な
|
|
|
penance
|
〔過ちに対する償いとしての〕自己処罰［犠牲］
|
|
|
pendant
|
ペンダント、垂れ下がった物、つり下げ型の
|
|
|
pendulous
|
ぶらさがっている
|
|
|
penitent
|
悔い改める、後悔している
|
|
|
pensive
|
物思いに沈んだ［ふけった］、哀愁を帯びた
|
|
|
penumbra
|
〔日食や月食の〕半影部
|
|
|
peon
|
日雇い労働者、召使い
|
|
|
perceptive
|
鋭敏な、洞察力の鋭い
|
|
|
percussion
|
《音楽》打楽器(の)
|
|
|
perdition
|
魂の喪失、地獄に落ちること
|
|
|
peregrination
|
長旅、遍歴
|
|
|
peremptory
|
〔要求などが〕即座に従わせようとする、有無を言わせない
|
|
|
perforate
|
穴を開ける
|
|
|
perigee
|
《天文》近地点
|
|
|
perimeter
|
周囲（の長さ）
|
|
|
peripheral
|
周辺の、重要でない
|
|
|
periphery
|
周囲、周辺
|
|
|
perjury
|
偽証、偽証罪
|
|
|
pernicious
|
致命的な、有害な
|
|
|
peroration
|
〈文〉演説などの締めくくり、大げさな演説
|
|
|
perpetrate
|
〔犯罪などを〕犯す、実行する
|
|
|
perpetual
|
永遠の、絶え間ない
|
|
|
perpetuate
|
永続させる、〔概念・体制などを〕保持し続ける
|
|
|
perquisite
|
〔通常の給与に加えて受け取る〕手当、特典
|
|
|
personable
|
容姿端麗な、魅力的な
|
|
|
perspicacious
|
洞察力のある
|
|
|
perspicuity
|
明快さ
|
|
|
perspicuous
|
明快な
|
|
|
pertinacious
|
しつこい、頑固な
|
|
|
pertinent
|
〔発言などが〕適切な、的を得た、関連のある
|
|
|
perturb
|
かき乱す、不安にする
|
|
|
pert
|
生意気な、出しゃばりな
|
|
|
peruse
|
熟読する、詳細に調べる
|
|
|
perverse
|
つむじ曲がりの、ひねくれた
|
|
|
perversion
|
〔性的な〕倒錯、曲解、背徳、悪用
|
|
|
pessimism
|
悲観主義
|
|
|
pestilential
|
ペスト性の、悪疫（性）の、有害な
|
|
|
pestle
|
すりつぶす、乳棒、すりこぎ
|
|
|
petrify
|
動けなくする、石化する
|
|
|
petty
|
わずかな、ささいな、つまらない
|
|
|
petulant
|
短気な、堪え性のない
|
|
|
pharisaical
|
パリサイ人の、独善的な、偽善的な
|
|
|
phenomena
|
現象
|
|
|
philanderer
|
女たらし、遊び人
|
|
|
philanthropist
|
博愛主義者
|
|
|
philatelist
|
切手収集家
|
|
|
philistine
|
〔無教養な〕俗物、実利主義者
|
|
|
philology
|
文献学
|
|
|
phobia
|
恐怖症
|
|
|
phoenix
|
不死鳥、フェニックス
|
|
|
phylum
|
《生物分類》門
|
|
|
physiognomy
|
顔つき、人相（学）
|
|
|
physiological
|
生理学の、生理学的な
|
|
|
piebald
|
〔動物が〕まだらの、雑色の
|
|
|
piecemeal
|
少しずつ、漸次に、部分的な
|
|
|
pied
|
〔動物・鳥などが〕まだらの、雑色の
|
|
|
pigment
|
顔料、色素
|
|
|
pillage
|
略奪する
|
|
|
pillory
|
さらし台、〔罪人などを〕さらし台にさらす、〔人を〕責め立てる
|
|
|
pine
|
〔渇望のあまり〕やつれる、切望する
|
|
|
pinion
|
（人）の手を縛って動けなくする、（人）を押さえつける
|
|
|
pinnacle
|
絶頂、頂点、頂上
|
|
|
pious
|
〔人が〕信心深い、〔言動などが〕信心（家）ぶった、偽善的な
|
|
|
piquant
|
ピリッと辛い、興味をそそる
|
|
|
pique
|
立腹、苛立ち、怒らせる、〔興味・好奇心を〕そそる
|
|
|
piscatorial
|
漁業の、漁師の
|
|
|
pitfall
|
わな
|
|
|
pithy
|
〔文章の表現などが〕簡潔な、力強い
|
|
|
pith
|
本質、核心、随
|
|
|
pittance
|
わずかな収入
|
|
|
pivotal
|
極めて重要な、中枢の
|
|
|
placebo
|
偽薬、気休めの薬
|
|
|
placid
|
穏やかな、落ち着いた
|
|
|
plagiarize
|
盗用［剽窃］する、カンニングする
|
|
|
plaintive
|
〔声・音などが〕悲しげな、物悲しい
|
|
|
plait
|
編む
|
|
|
platonic
|
観念的な、純精神的な
|
|
|
plaudit
|
称賛、絶賛、拍手
|
|
|
plausible
|
もっともらしい
|
|
|
plebeian
|
庶民の、下層階級の
|
|
|
plenary
|
十分な、完璧な、〔会議が〕全員出席の
|
|
|
pliable
|
〔物が〕曲げやすい、〔人が他者から〕影響されやすい
|
|
|
pliant
|
〔物が〕曲げやすい、しなやかな、適応性がある
|
|
|
plight
|
誓約、婚約、固い約束、誓約する、苦境、窮地
|
|
|
pluck
|
勇気、〔物を〕引っ張ること、引き抜く
|
|
|
plumage
|
羽毛、羽
|
|
|
plumb
|
精査する、詳細に調べる
|
|
|
plutocracy
|
金権国家、金権政治
|
|
|
podiatrist
|
足治療医、足病医
|
|
|
podium
|
演壇、指揮台、表彰台
|
|
|
poignancy
|
辛辣さ、痛切さ
|
|
|
polarize
|
分裂する、対立する
|
|
|
polemical
|
論争の、論争好きの
|
|
|
polemic
|
論争、反論
|
|
|
politic
|
思慮深い、賢明な、政略的な
|
|
|
polity
|
政治形態、政治組織
|
|
|
polygamist
|
一夫多妻者
|
|
|
polyglot
|
数カ国語の［に通じた］
|
|
|
pomposity
|
尊大な態度［言動］、尊大ぶる人
|
|
|
ponderous
|
大きくて重い、どっしりとした
|
|
|
pontifical
|
司教の、尊大な
|
|
|
pore
|
熟読する、詳しく調べる
|
|
|
portend
|
～の前兆となる
|
|
|
portent
|
前兆、前触れ
|
|
|
portly
|
かっぷくの良い、太った
|
|
|
poseur
|
気取り屋、目立ちたがり屋
|
|
|
posterity
|
後世、子孫
|
|
|
posthumous
|
死後の
|
|
|
postulate
|
仮定、前提条件、～を要求する、〜を前提とする
|
|
|
posture
|
気取った態度を取る、姿勢、態度
|
|
|
potable
|
飲料に適した
|
|
|
potentate
|
権力者、支配者
|
|
|
potential
|
可能性
|
|
|
potent
|
有力な、強力な
|
|
|
potion
|
（妙）薬、一服
|
|
|
potpourri
|
〔雑多なものの〕寄せ集め、〔音楽の〕メドレー
|
|
|
poultice
|
湿布
|
|
|
practicable
|
実施できる、実行可能な
|
|
|
practical
|
実用的な、役に立つ
|
|
|
pragmatist
|
現実主義者、実用主義者
|
|
|
prate
|
〔長々と〕無駄話する
|
|
|
prattle
|
〔内容のない〕おしゃべり、片言を言う
|
|
|
precedent
|
前例、先例、前の、先行する
|
|
|
precept
|
〔道徳的指針としての〕教え、教訓、処世訓
|
|
|
precipice
|
断崖、絶壁
|
|
|
precipitant
|
《化》沈殿剤
|
|
|
precipitous
|
険しい、大急ぎの
|
|
|
precise
|
正確な
|
|
|
precis
|
要約
|
|
|
preclude
|
排除する、不可能にする
|
|
|
precocious
|
早熟な、ませた
|
|
|
predator
|
捕食者、捕食動物
|
|
|
predecessor
|
前任者
|
|
|
predetermine
|
～を予定する、運命付ける
|
|
|
predicament
|
窮地、苦境
|
|
|
predilection
|
偏愛、好み
|
|
|
predispose
|
傾かせる、傾向を与える、〔病気に〕かかりやすくする
|
|
|
preeminent
|
卓越した、傑出した
|
|
|
preen
|
〔人が〕身繕いする、得意になる
|
|
|
prefatory
|
序文(preface)の、前口上の
|
|
|
prehensile
|
〔物に〕巻き付けるのに適した、〔物を〕つかみやすい
|
|
|
prelate
|
高位聖職者、司教
|
|
|
prelude
|
前奏曲、前触れ
|
|
|
premeditate
|
前もって計画する
|
|
|
premise
|
前提、仮定
|
|
|
premonition
|
予感、兆候
|
|
|
premonitory
|
〔嫌なことが起こる〕前兆の、警告を発する
|
|
|
preponderance
|
数や重量で勝ること、優勢
|
|
|
preposterous
|
本末転倒の、不合理な、ばかげた
|
|
|
prerogative
|
〔地位などによって得られる〕特権、特典
|
|
|
presage
|
～を前もって示す、予測する
|
|
|
prescience
|
予知、先見
|
|
|
presentiment
|
〔悪いことが起きるという〕予感、虫の知らせ
|
|
|
prestige
|
名声
|
|
|
pretentious
|
うぬぼれた、もったいぶった、見栄を張った
|
|
|
preternatural
|
超自然的な
|
|
|
pretext
|
口実
|
|
|
prevalent
|
広く行き渡った、流行した
|
|
|
prey
|
獲物、被害者
|
|
|
primogeniture
|
長子相続制
|
|
|
primordial
|
原初の、最初から存在する
|
|
|
primp
|
〔人や物を〕着飾る、めかす
|
|
|
prim
|
堅苦しい、上品ぶった
|
|
|
privation
|
欠乏、貧困、必要
|
|
|
privy
|
私的な、内々に関与した、内情に通じた
|
|
|
probe
|
宇宙探査機、〔手術道具などの〕探針、探査、探査する、精査する
|
|
|
proclivity
|
〔好ましくないことへの〕傾向、性癖
|
|
|
procrastinate
|
〔やるべきことを〕遅らせる、先延ばしにする
|
|
|
procurement
|
調達、入手、獲得
|
|
|
prodigious
|
驚異的な、並外れた
|
|
|
prodigy
|
神童、奇才、驚くべきこと
|
|
|
prod
|
突く、駆り立てる
|
|
|
profane
|
俗悪な、冒涜的な、～を冒涜する、～の神聖を汚す
|
|
|
profligate
|
放蕩な、浪費をする
|
|
|
profusion
|
多量、豊富さ
|
|
|
progenitor
|
先祖、祖先
|
|
|
progeny
|
子孫
|
|
|
prognosis
|
予想、予測
|
|
|
prognosticate
|
予知する、予言する
|
|
|
projectile
|
発射体、投射物
|
|
|
proletarian
|
プロレタリア（階級）の、無産階級の
|
|
|
prolific
|
多産の、多作の、豊富の
|
|
|
prolixity
|
冗長
|
|
|
prologue
|
序章、序詞、プロローグ
|
|
|
prolong
|
延長する、長くする
|
|
|
prominent
|
人目を引く、目立つ、突き出した、著名な、卓越した
|
|
|
promiscuous
|
見境の無い、ごちゃ混ぜの、〔性的に〕乱れた
|
|
|
promontory
|
岬、〔体の〕突起部
|
|
|
promote
|
推進する、昇進させる、宣伝する
|
|
|
prompt
|
刺激する、駆り立てる
|
|
|
promulgate
|
宣伝する、公布する
|
|
|
prone
|
～しがちな、～の傾向がある、うつぶせの
|
|
|
propagate
|
繁殖する、繁殖させる、伝播する
|
|
|
propellant
|
推進させるもの
|
|
|
prophetic
|
予言的な
|
|
|
prophylactic
|
〔病気の〕予防薬
|
|
|
propinquity
|
近いこと、近接、近親、親類
|
|
|
propitious
|
都合の良い、幸先の良い
|
|
|
proponent
|
提案者、支持者
|
|
|
propound
|
〔案などを〕出す、提唱する
|
|
|
propulsive
|
推進力のある、推進する
|
|
|
prosaic
|
平凡な、単調な、面白くない
|
|
|
proscenium
|
〔近代の劇場の〕舞台前部
|
|
|
proselytize
|
改宗する
|
|
|
prosody
|
作詞法、詩形論
|
|
|
prosperity
|
繁栄、幸運
|
|
|
prostrate
|
～をなぎ倒す、突っ伏させる
|
|
|
protean
|
変幻自在な、いろいろな形に変化する
|
|
|
protege
|
被保護者、子分、弟子
|
|
|
protocol
|
外交儀礼、条約議定書
|
|
|
prototype
|
原型、試作品
|
|
|
protract
|
長引かせる
|
|
|
protrude
|
突き出す
|
|
|
protuberance
|
突起物、隆起しているもの
|
|
|
provenance
|
〔芸術作品などの〕来歴、起源、出所
|
|
|
provender
|
飼料、食べ物
|
|
|
provident
|
将来に備えた、先見の明のある
|
|
|
provincial
|
州の、地方の、田舎風な
|
|
|
provisional
|
仮の、条件付きの、臨時の
|
|
|
proviso
|
〔契約などの〕条件、但し書き（の規定）
|
|
|
provocative
|
挑発的な
|
|
|
prowess
|
優れた腕前、戦場での勇気、武勇
|
|
|
proximity
|
近接
|
|
|
proxy
|
代理、代理人
|
|
|
prudent
|
分別がある、用心深い
|
|
|
prude
|
〔男女関係・性的なことに〕堅物の人、上品ぶる人
|
|
|
prune
|
切り取る、刈り取る
|
|
|
prurient
|
〔人が病的なほど〕好色な、わいせつな
|
|
|
pry
|
詮索する、首を突っ込む、てこで動かす
|
|
|
pseudonym
|
偽名、ペンネーム
|
|
|
psyche
|
精神、（霊）魂、心理
|
|
|
psychiatrist
|
精神科医
|
|
|
psychopathic
|
精神病の
|
|
|
psychosis
|
精神病
|
|
|
pterodactyl
|
テロダクティル、翼龍
|
|
|
puerile
|
子供の、子供らしい、幼稚な
|
|
|
pugilist
|
ボクサー
|
|
|
pugnacity
|
喧嘩好きの
|
|
|
puissant
|
権力のある
|
|
|
pulchritude
|
〔主に女性の〕肉体美、顔立ちの良さ
|
|
|
pulmonary
|
肺の、肺疾患の
|
|
|
pulsate
|
鼓動する、振動する
|
|
|
pulverize
|
細かく砕く、粉砕する
|
|
|
pummel
|
げんこつで殴る
|
|
|
punctilious
|
〔人が〕とてもきちょうめんな、細かいことにこだわる
|
|
|
pundit
|
評論家、博識者、専門家
|
|
|
punitive
|
懲罰的な、過酷な
|
|
|
puny
|
小さくて弱い、取るに足らない
|
|
|
purchase
|
しっかり握ること、しっかりした足掛かり
|
|
|
purgatory
|
煉獄、浄罪界
|
|
|
purge
|
一掃する、消去する
|
|
|
purported
|
～と言われている、～と噂されている
|
|
|
purport
|
意味、意図、～であると称する、～を意味する
|
|
|
purse
|
唇をすぼめる
|
|
|
purveyor
|
〔食料などの〕調達人、御用達（業者）
|
|
|
pusillanimous
|
小心な、気の弱い
|
|
|
putative
|
うわさの、目されている、推定上の
|
|
|
putrid
|
〈動植物が〉腐敗した、悪臭を放つ
|
|
|
pylon
|
目標塔、鉄塔
|
|
|
pyromaniac
|
放火魔
|
|
|
quack
|
にせ医者、ほら吹き
|
|
|
quadruped
|
四肢動物
|
|
|
quaff
|
がぶ飲みする、痛飲する
|
|
|
quagmire
|
沼地、湿地、（抜け出せない）苦境、苦境
|
|
|
quail
|
《鳥》ウズラ、怖じ気づく
|
|
|
quaint
|
古風な趣のある、風変わりな
|
|
|
qualm
|
不安、気がとがめること
|
|
|
quandary
|
困惑、当惑、苦境
|
|
|
quarantine
|
隔離（期間）、隔離所
|
|
|
quarry
|
獲物、〔知識・資料などを〕あさる、捜し出す、採石場
|
|
|
quash
|
〔反乱・うわさなどを〕鎮圧する、鎮める
|
|
|
quay
|
埠頭、波止場
|
|
|
queasy
|
吐きやすい、吐き気を催させる
|
|
|
quell
|
鎮める、〔暴動・反乱を〕鎮圧する
|
|
|
quench
|
〔火・明かりなどを〕消す、〔渇きなどを〕癒やす、和らげる
|
|
|
querulous
|
不満の多い、不平たらたらの
|
|
|
query
|
質問、疑問
|
|
|
queue
|
列、（待っている）一群の人々
|
|
|
quietude
|
静けさ、平静
|
|
|
quintessence
|
真髄、本質
|
|
|
quip
|
皮肉、嫌味
|
|
|
quirk
|
ねじる、ひねる、特異な行動、思いがけない出来事
|
|
|
quisling
|
〔侵略者を助ける〕売国奴
|
|
|
quiver
|
震える、矢筒
|
|
|
quixotic
|
ドン・キホーテ流の、騎士気取りの、非現実的な
|
|
|
quizzical
|
奇妙な、いぶかしげな
|
|
|
quorum
|
〔議決に必要な〕定足数
|
|
|
quotidian
|
毎日起こること、毎日の、平常の
|
|
|
rabid
|
猛烈な、過激な
|
|
|
raconteur
|
話し上手な人
|
|
|
ragamuffin
|
ぼろを着た人
|
|
|
rail
|
〔大変きつい調子で〕ののしる、抗議する
|
|
|
raiment
|
衣服
|
|
|
rakish
|
粋な、派手な
|
|
|
rally
|
集まる、回復、反発
|
|
|
ramble
|
ぶらつく、散歩する、探求する
|
|
|
ramification
|
分岐、波及、成り行き
|
|
|
ramify
|
枝状に分かれる、分岐する
|
|
|
rampant
|
〔恐ろしいほどに〕蔓延した、広がった
|
|
|
rampart
|
城壁、塁壁
|
|
|
ramp
|
斜面、傾斜台
|
|
|
ramshackle
|
〔建築物などが〕グラグラする、倒れそうな
|
|
|
rancid
|
（腐ったような）悪臭のする、嫌な匂いのする
|
|
|
rancor
|
憎しみ、恨み
|
|
|
random
|
無作為の、でたらめの
|
|
|
rankle
|
（人の心を）苦しめる、イライラさせる
|
|
|
rant
|
わめく、大げさに言う
|
|
|
rapacious
|
強欲な、〔貪欲で〕飽くことを知らない
|
|
|
rapport
|
調和、親密な関係
|
|
|
rapt
|
心を奪われている、うっとりしている
|
|
|
raspy
|
耳障りな、不快な
|
|
|
ratify
|
〔条約・法案などを〕承認する、批准する
|
|
|
ratiocination
|
推論
|
|
|
rationale
|
論理的根拠、理由付け
|
|
|
rationalize
|
正当化する、合理化する
|
|
|
raucous
|
耳障りな、騒々しい
|
|
|
ravage
|
荒廃させる、略奪させる
|
|
|
ravel
|
もつれさせる、〔問題などが〕複雑になる、〔編み物などを〕ほどく
|
|
|
ravenous
|
飢えた
|
|
|
rave
|
激賞、べた褒め
|
|
|
ravine
|
峡谷
|
|
|
raze
|
徹底的［完全］に破壊する
|
|
|
reactionary
|
反動的な、保守的な、反動主義者
|
|
|
realm
|
王国、領域
|
|
|
reaper
|
刈り取る人、収穫者
|
|
|
rebate
|
払い戻し、割戻し
|
|
|
rebuff
|
〔好意的な申し出などに対する〕断固たる［素っ気ない］拒絶
|
|
|
rebuke
|
しかる、叱責する、非難する
|
|
|
rebus
|
〔パズルの〕判じ物［絵］
|
|
|
rebuttal
|
反論、反証
|
|
|
recapitulate
|
要約する
|
|
|
recast
|
〔文や話などを〕作り直す
|
|
|
receptive
|
受容的な、受容力のある、感受性の強い
|
|
|
recession
|
景気後退、不景気
|
|
|
recidivism
|
常習的な犯行
|
|
|
recipient
|
受領者、受取人
|
|
|
reciprocal
|
逆数、相互の、相互交換の
|
|
|
reciprocate
|
報いる、返礼する
|
|
|
reconcile
|
和解させる、調和させる
|
|
|
reconnaissance
|
偵察、調査、予備調査
|
|
|
recount
|
詳しく話す、詳述する、〔投票などを〕数え直す、再集計する
|
|
|
recourse
|
頼ること
|
|
|
recrimination
|
逆襲、非難し返すこと
|
|
|
rectify
|
〔誤りなどを〕正す、修正する
|
|
|
rectitude
|
公正、正直、正確さ
|
|
|
recumbent
|
横［あおむけ］になった
|
|
|
recuperate
|
回復する
|
|
|
recurrent
|
再発する、再発性の
|
|
|
redolent
|
芳香のある
|
|
|
redoubtable
|
恐るべき、あなどり難い
|
|
|
redress
|
矯正（手段）、改善、償い
|
|
|
redundant
|
冗長な、非常に豊富な
|
|
|
reek
|
嫌な［不快な］においがする、〔煙などを〕吐き出す
|
|
|
refectory
|
〔大学や修道院などの〕食堂、カフェテリア
|
|
|
refraction
|
屈折
|
|
|
refrain
|
控える、自制する
|
|
|
refulgent
|
さん然と光り輝く
|
|
|
refurbish
|
改造する、改装する、磨き直す
|
|
|
regale
|
〔話・飲食物で人を〕喜ばせる、楽しませる
|
|
|
regal
|
王の、王者らしい、堂々とした
|
|
|
regatta
|
レガッタ、ボートレース
|
|
|
regeneration
|
再生、復活、刷新
|
|
|
regicide
|
国王殺し
|
|
|
regimen
|
摂生規則、養生法
|
|
|
regime
|
政治形態、政権、社会体制
|
|
|
rehabilitate
|
更生する、社会復帰する、回復する
|
|
|
reimburse
|
（借りたお金を）返済する、～を払い戻す
|
|
|
reiterate
|
繰り返して言う、繰り返す
|
|
|
rejoinder
|
〔短く鋭い〕返答、応答
|
|
|
rejuvenate
|
若返らせる、活性化する
|
|
|
relent
|
態度を軟化する、〔気持ちや決意などが〕和らぐ、折れる
|
|
|
relevant
|
関係のある、関連性のある
|
|
|
relic
|
遺物、遺跡
|
|
|
relish
|
享受する、味わう、美味しく食べる
|
|
|
remediable
|
治療できる
|
|
|
reminiscence
|
回想、追憶、思い出
|
|
|
remission
|
〔病状の一時的な〕回復、放免、減刑
|
|
|
remiss
|
怠慢な、不注意な
|
|
|
remnant
|
残余（物）、残留
|
|
|
remonstrance
|
抗議、反対表明
|
|
|
render
|
〔義務として〕～を与える、提供する
|
|
|
rendezvous
|
待ち合わせの場所、会議場所、宇宙会合
|
|
|
rendition
|
演奏、翻訳、演出
|
|
|
rend
|
引き裂く、つんざく
|
|
|
renegade
|
改宗者、背教者、裏切り者
|
|
|
renege
|
〔約束などを〕破る、守らない
|
|
|
renounce
|
放棄する、断念する
|
|
|
renovate
|
修理する、修繕する、改装する
|
|
|
renown
|
有名、高名
|
|
|
rent
|
裂け目、分裂、家賃
|
|
|
reparable
|
修理できる、賠償できる
|
|
|
repartee
|
当意即妙の会話［答え・返答］
|
|
|
repast
|
食事
|
|
|
repeal
|
〔法律などを〕無効にする、廃止する
|
|
|
repellent
|
（大変）不快な、はねつける
|
|
|
repel
|
拒絶する、はじく、不快にする
|
|
|
repercussion
|
跳ね返り、反響、反動
|
|
|
repertoire
|
〔音楽や演劇などで上演可能な〕レパートリー、題目
|
|
|
repine
|
不平を言う、不満がある
|
|
|
replenish
|
～を満たす、補給する
|
|
|
replete
|
いっぱいの、充満した、十分に備えた
|
|
|
replicate
|
複製する
|
|
|
replica
|
写し、複製
|
|
|
repository
|
収納場所、倉庫
|
|
|
reprehensible
|
非難に値する、とがめるべき
|
|
|
repress
|
〔感情などを〕抑え込む、抑制する
|
|
|
reprieve
|
刑執行の延期［猶予］
|
|
|
reprimand
|
叱責する、懲戒する、叱責、懲戒
|
|
|
reprisal
|
仕返し、報復
|
|
|
reprise
|
〔主題の〕反復、再現、〔行為の〕繰り返し
|
|
|
reprobation
|
非難、叱責
|
|
|
reprove
|
〔人（の行為）を〕非難する、たしなめる
|
|
|
repugnance
|
〔強い〕嫌悪、反感
|
|
|
repulsion
|
嫌悪（感）、《物理》反発力
|
|
|
reputable
|
評判の良い、信頼できる
|
|
|
reputed
|
一般に～と言われている
|
|
|
requiem
|
《カトリック》レクイエム、〔一般に〕鎮魂曲
|
|
|
requisite
|
必需品、必要なもの
|
|
|
requite
|
報いる
|
|
|
resentment
|
怒り、敵意、憤慨
|
|
|
reserve
|
遠慮、自制
|
|
|
residue
|
残り、残余
|
|
|
resignation
|
辞職、服従
|
|
|
resilient
|
弾力のある、立ち直りが早い、回復力のある
|
|
|
resolve
|
解決する、決意する、分解する
|
|
|
resonant
|
よく響く、共鳴しやすい
|
|
|
respiration
|
呼吸（作用）
|
|
|
respite
|
仕事や苦痛の中断、一時的中断
|
|
|
resplendent
|
きらきら輝く、まばゆい
|
|
|
responsiveness
|
反応性
|
|
|
restitution
|
（損害）賠償、補償
|
|
|
restive
|
そわそわした、イライラした、手に負えない
|
|
|
restraint
|
自制、制限
|
|
|
resumption
|
取り戻すこと、回復
|
|
|
resurge
|
復活する、蘇生する
|
|
|
resuscitate
|
生き返る、蘇生する
|
|
|
retain
|
保有する、保つ
|
|
|
retaliation
|
仕返し、報復
|
|
|
retentive
|
保持力のある、記憶力の良い
|
|
|
retinue
|
〔要人に付き添う〕供人たち、随行員
|
|
|
retiring
|
内気の、はにかみ屋の、遠慮がちな
|
|
|
retort
|
反論、口答え
|
|
|
retract
|
撤回する、引っ込める
|
|
|
retrench
|
削除する、節約する
|
|
|
retribution
|
懲罰、報復
|
|
|
retrieve
|
取り戻す、回復する
|
|
|
retroactive
|
〔法律などが〕さかのぼって効力がある、遡及効果のある
|
|
|
retrograde
|
逆行する、退化する
|
|
|
retrospective
|
過去に遡っての、回顧的な
|
|
|
revelry
|
どんちゃん騒ぎ、お祭り騒ぎ
|
|
|
reverberate
|
反響する、こだまする
|
|
|
reverie
|
空想、幻想
|
|
|
revert
|
〔元の習慣・状態などに〕立ち戻る
|
|
|
revile
|
罵倒する、非難する
|
|
|
revoke
|
取り消す、無効にする
|
|
|
revulsion
|
強い嫌悪、感情の急変
|
|
|
rhapsodize
|
ラプソディー風に朗唱する、熱狂的に語る
|
|
|
rhetoric
|
修辞学、修辞法、美辞麗句
|
|
|
ribald
|
下品な、みだらな、ひわいな
|
|
|
riddle
|
〔弾丸などで〕穴だらけにする、ハチの巣状にする
|
|
|
rider
|
《法律》付帯条項
|
|
|
rife
|
〔好ましくないものが〕はびこって
|
|
|
rift
|
〔岩などにできた〕割れ目、〔親しい関係にできた〕不和
|
|
|
rigid
|
堅い、厳格な
|
|
|
rigor
|
〔基準などの〕厳しさ、厳密さ、困難
|
|
|
rig
|
取り付ける、装備する、不正手段で操る、不正操作する
|
|
|
rile
|
（人）をイライラさせて怒らせる
|
|
|
riveting
|
うっとりさせる、面白い
|
|
|
rivulet
|
小川
|
|
|
robust
|
力強い、頑強な
|
|
|
rococo
|
ロココ様式の
|
|
|
roil
|
（撹拌されて）濁る、かき乱す、苛立たせる
|
|
|
roseate
|
ばら色の、楽観的な
|
|
|
roster
|
名簿、勤務当番表
|
|
|
rostrum
|
演壇、演説者
|
|
|
rote
|
繰り返すこと、反復、機械的手順
|
|
|
rotunda
|
《建築》ロタンダ
|
|
|
rotundity
|
円形、肥満
|
|
|
rousing
|
〔人を〕奮起させる、活発な
|
|
|
rout
|
完全に打ち負かす、追い出す、一掃する、大敗北
|
|
|
rubble
|
破片、がれき
|
|
|
rubric
|
朱書き、典礼、指示
|
|
|
ruddy
|
血色の良い、赤い
|
|
|
rudimentary
|
基礎の、基本的な
|
|
|
rue
|
後悔する、悲しむ
|
|
|
ruffian
|
悪漢、暴漢
|
|
|
ruminate
|
〔反すう動物が〕反すうする、思いを巡らす
|
|
|
rummage
|
くまなく探す
|
|
|
runic
|
ルーニック、ルーン文字の、古代北欧風の
|
|
|
ruse
|
〔人をだますための〕策略、計略
|
|
|
rusticate
|
田舎へ行かせる
|
|
|
rustic
|
田舎の、野暮な
|
|
|
ruthless
|
無慈悲な、冷酷な
|
|
|
saboteur
|
サボタージュを行う人
|
|
|
saccharine
|
サッカリンのような、砂糖のような、〔話や音楽などが〕甘ったるい
|
|
|
sacrilegious
|
不信心の、神聖を汚す
|
|
|
sacrosanct
|
極めて神聖な、侵すことのできない
|
|
|
sadistic
|
加虐的な
|
|
|
sagacious
|
賢明な、聡明な
|
|
|
saga
|
冒険談、英雄物語、武勇伝
|
|
|
salacious
|
〔人が〕好色な、〔言葉などが〕わいせつな
|
|
|
salient
|
目立った、顕著な
|
|
|
saline
|
マグネシウム［含塩］下剤、生理（的）食塩水
|
|
|
sallow
|
黄ばんだ、血色の悪い、土色になる
|
|
|
salutary
|
有益な、ためになる
|
|
|
salvage
|
引き揚げる、救い出す
|
|
|
sanctimonious
|
聖人ぶった
|
|
|
sanctuary
|
避難所、聖域
|
|
|
sanguinary
|
流血の、血なまぐさい
|
|
|
sanguine
|
楽天的な、赤みを帯びた
|
|
|
sap
|
弱らせる、〔活力などを〕徐々に奪う
|
|
|
sarcasm
|
嫌み、皮肉
|
|
|
sardonic
|
冷笑的な、あざけりの
|
|
|
sartorial
|
衣服の、仕立屋の
|
|
|
satellite
|
（人工）衛星
|
|
|
sate
|
十分に満足させる、満腹させる
|
|
|
satire
|
風刺、皮肉
|
|
|
satirical
|
風刺の
|
|
|
saturnine
|
〔人が〕陰気な、不機嫌な
|
|
|
satyr
|
《ギリシャ神話》サテュロス、好色家
|
|
|
saunter
|
のんびり歩く、ぶらつく
|
|
|
savant
|
学者、識者
|
|
|
savory
|
いい味のする、いい香りのする
|
|
|
scabbard
|
（刀の）鞘
|
|
|
scad
|
たくさん
|
|
|
scaffold
|
作業台、処刑台、《建築》足場
|
|
|
scale
|
〔魚・は虫類の〕うろこ、〔はしごなどを〕（よじ）登る
|
|
|
scanty
|
不十分な、〔衣服が〕体全体を覆っていない
|
|
|
scapegoat
|
身代わり、犠牲
|
|
|
scavenge
|
ごみを取り除く、〔ごみ・残飯などを〕あさる
|
|
|
scenario
|
シナリオ、筋書き
|
|
|
schematic
|
図式の、図解の
|
|
|
schism
|
分裂、分離
|
|
|
scintillate
|
火花を放つ、きらめく
|
|
|
scintilla
|
微量
|
|
|
scoff
|
あざ笑う、あざける
|
|
|
scotch
|
〔うわさなどを〕終わらせる、もみ消す、〔傷つけて人を〕動けなくする
|
|
|
scourge
|
むち、災難、天罰
|
|
|
scruple
|
ためらう、気がとがめる、良心の咎め
|
|
|
scrupulous
|
きちょうめんな、綿密な
|
|
|
scrutinize
|
注意深く［詳細に］調べる
|
|
|
scuffle
|
取っ組み合う、乱闘する
|
|
|
scurrilous
|
下品な
|
|
|
scurry
|
急いで行く、慌てて走る
|
|
|
scurvy
|
人間のくずの、卑劣な
|
|
|
scuttle
|
（船）に穴を開けて沈める、断念する
|
|
|
seamy
|
むさ苦しい、みすぼらしい
|
|
|
sear
|
～の表面を焼く、焦がす、〔記憶に〕～を焼き付ける
|
|
|
seasoned
|
年季の入った、経験豊かな
|
|
|
secession
|
脱退、離脱
|
|
|
seclusion
|
隔離、遮断
|
|
|
sect
|
派閥、宗派
|
|
|
secular
|
この世に関する、宗教的でない
|
|
|
sedate
|
落ち着いた、穏やかな
|
|
|
sedentary
|
座った姿勢の、座りがちな
|
|
|
sedition
|
〔国家に対する反乱の〕教唆、暴動、反乱
|
|
|
sedulous
|
勤勉な、入念な
|
|
|
seedy
|
気分が優れない、みすぼらしい、評判の良くない
|
|
|
seep
|
しみ出る、漏れ出す
|
|
|
seethe
|
沸騰する、泡立つ、憤る
|
|
|
seine
|
（地）引き網
|
|
|
seismic
|
地震の
|
|
|
semblance
|
外見、外観、見せかけ
|
|
|
seminal
|
影響力の大きい、精子の
|
|
|
seminary
|
神学校
|
|
|
senility
|
老衰
|
|
|
sensitization
|
《心理学》鋭敏化
|
|
|
sensual
|
官能的な、みだらな
|
|
|
sensuous
|
感覚の、感覚的な、気持ちの良い、敏感な
|
|
|
sententious
|
教訓的な、説教めいた
|
|
|
sentient
|
知覚できる、知覚している、感覚で理解している
|
|
|
sentinel
|
歩哨、監視員
|
|
|
septic
|
腐敗（性）の、感染（性）の
|
|
|
sepulcher
|
墓、埋葬所
|
|
|
sequester
|
（人）を隔離する、（人）を隠居させる
|
|
|
serendipity
|
予期せぬ良い物［楽しいこと］を見つけ出す才能
|
|
|
serenity
|
静穏、平穏
|
|
|
sere
|
しなびた、干からびた
|
|
|
serpentine
|
蛇に似た
|
|
|
serrated
|
鋸歯状の、ギザギザの
|
|
|
servile
|
奴隷にふさわしい、卑しむべき、卑屈な、へつらう
|
|
|
servitude
|
奴隷状態、強制労働
|
|
|
severity
|
厳しさ、厳格さ
|
|
|
sever
|
切断する、切る
|
|
|
sextant
|
《天文》六分儀
|
|
|
shackle
|
～の手を縛る、～に手枷足枷をかける
|
|
|
shamble
|
〔足を引きずるような〕ヨロヨロ歩き
|
|
|
sham
|
ごまかし、偽物、偽の
|
|
|
shaving
|
削りくず、かんなくず
|
|
|
sheaf
|
束、麦束
|
|
|
sheathe
|
〔刀などを〕鞘に収める
|
|
|
sherbet
|
シャーベット
|
|
|
shimmer
|
ちらちら光る、揺らめく
|
|
|
shirk
|
〔責任や仕事などを〕回避する、怠ける
|
|
|
shoddy
|
粗悪な、見せかけの
|
|
|
shrewd
|
〔批評・意見・推測などが〕明敏な、賢明な
|
|
|
shrew
|
口やかましい女、トガリネズミ
|
|
|
shunt
|
脇へよける、脇へ逸らす
|
|
|
shun
|
避ける、遠ざける
|
|
|
shyster
|
不正直な人
|
|
|
sibling
|
兄弟、姉妹
|
|
|
sibylline
|
予言の、予言者的な
|
|
|
sidereal
|
星の、恒星の
|
|
|
silt
|
沈泥
|
|
|
simian
|
猿の
|
|
|
simile
|
直喩
|
|
|
simper
|
ニタニタ笑う、作り笑いをする
|
|
|
simplistic
|
過度に単純化された
|
|
|
simulate
|
真似る、シミュレートする、～のふりをする
|
|
|
sinecure
|
〔ほとんど仕事をしなくても給与をもらえる〕閑職
|
|
|
sinewy
|
筋骨たくましい、筋張った
|
|
|
singular
|
唯一の、《文法》単数の、奇妙な
|
|
|
sinister
|
邪悪な、悪意のある
|
|
|
sinuous
|
曲がりくねった
|
|
|
skiff
|
小型モーターボート
|
|
|
skimp
|
〔食物・金銭などを〕けちけち与える、けちけちする
|
|
|
skinflint
|
どけち、守銭奴
|
|
|
skirmish
|
小競り合い、いざこざ
|
|
|
skittish
|
活発な、陽気な
|
|
|
skulduggery
|
不正行為
|
|
|
skulk
|
コソコソする、コソコソ動く
|
|
|
slacken
|
〔商売・業績などが〕不活発になる、〔ねじなどが〕緩む
|
|
|
slag
|
《鉱物》スラグ、鉱滓
|
|
|
slake
|
〔のどの渇き・欲望などを〕満たす、癒す
|
|
|
slander
|
中傷、名誉棄損、悪口
|
|
|
slapdash
|
いい加減な、ぞんざいな
|
|
|
sleazy
|
安っぽい、薄汚れた
|
|
|
sleeper
|
後にヒットする商品［映画］
|
|
|
sleight
|
手練、策略
|
|
|
slew
|
多数、大量
|
|
|
slight
|
軽視、侮辱、軽視する
|
|
|
slipshod
|
だらしない、ぞんざいな
|
|
|
slither
|
ずるずる滑る
|
|
|
sloth
|
ナマケモノ
|
|
|
slothful
|
不精な
|
|
|
slough
|
脱皮する
|
|
|
slovenly
|
だらしない、ぞんざいな
|
|
|
sluggard
|
怠け者
|
|
|
sluggish
|
ゆっくりした、怠けた、無気力な
|
|
|
sluice
|
（人工）水路、水門
|
|
|
slur
|
中傷する、不明瞭に発音する
|
|
|
smattering
|
生かじりの知識
|
|
|
smelt
|
溶解する、精錬する
|
|
|
smirk
|
にやにや笑い、作り笑い
|
|
|
smolder
|
くすぶる、〔炎を出さずに〕燃える
|
|
|
snicker
|
くすくす笑い、忍び笑い、冷笑
|
|
|
snivel
|
すすり泣く
|
|
|
sobriety
|
しらふ
|
|
|
sodden
|
ずぶぬれの、〔酔って〕ボーッとした、無気力の
|
|
|
sojourn
|
（短期）滞在
|
|
|
solace
|
慰め、安堵
|
|
|
solder
|
はんだ付けをする、固く結合する
|
|
|
solecism
|
文法［語法］違反
|
|
|
solemnity
|
厳粛さ、まじめさ
|
|
|
solicit
|
勧誘する、募る、求める
|
|
|
soliloquy
|
独り言
|
|
|
solstice
|
《天文》至、〔夏至・冬至の〕至点
|
|
|
soluble
|
溶けやすい、溶解（性）の
|
|
|
solvent
|
支払い能力がある、溶媒
|
|
|
somatic
|
身体の、身体上の
|
|
|
somber
|
薄暗い、陰気な、〔色・明るさが〕地味な、〔態度などが〕厳粛な
|
|
|
somnambulist
|
夢遊病者
|
|
|
somnolent
|
眠い、眠気を誘う
|
|
|
sonorous
|
鳴り響く、朗々とした
|
|
|
sophisticated
|
洗練された、精巧な、複雑な
|
|
|
sophistry
|
〔人を欺くための〕詭弁、屁理屈
|
|
|
sophist
|
ソフィスト(古代ギリシアの哲学などの教師)、詭弁家
|
|
|
sophomoric
|
2年生の、2回生の、未熟な
|
|
|
sordid
|
下劣な、浅ましい
|
|
|
spangle
|
スパンコール
|
|
|
sparse
|
まばらな、希薄な
|
|
|
spartan
|
質実剛健な、質素な
|
|
|
spasmodic
|
けいれん性の、突発性の、発作的な
|
|
|
spate
|
(突然の)大雨、豪雨、洪水
|
|
|
spatial
|
空間の、空間的な
|
|
|
spatula
|
へら
|
|
|
spat
|
些細な喧嘩
|
|
|
spawn
|
卵を産む
|
|
|
spectral
|
幽霊の（ような）
|
|
|
spendthrift
|
浪費家
|
|
|
sphinx-like
|
謎めいた、不可解な
|
|
|
splice
|
つなぎ合わせる
|
|
|
spontaneity
|
自発性
|
|
|
spoonerism
|
スプーナー誤法、頭音転換
|
|
|
sportive
|
陽気な、ふざけた
|
|
|
spruce
|
〔服装などを〕きちんとした
|
|
|
spry
|
〔特に老人が〕活発な、元気な
|
|
|
spurious
|
偽の、疑似の、誤った
|
|
|
spurn
|
はねつける、拒絶する
|
|
|
squabble
|
つまらない口論、言い争い
|
|
|
squalor
|
汚らしさ、不潔さ
|
|
|
squander
|
浪費する、無駄遣いする
|
|
|
squat
|
ずんぐりした、小さくて筋肉質の
|
|
|
staccato
|
《音楽》スタッカート奏法（の）
|
|
|
stagnant
|
よどんだ、不活発な
|
|
|
staid
|
〔態度・雰囲気・色が〕落ち着いた、まじめな
|
|
|
stalemate
|
行き詰まり
|
|
|
stalwart
|
頑健な、がっちりした（体つきの）、忠実な
|
|
|
stamina
|
体力、持久力
|
|
|
stanch
|
〔傷口からの出血を〕止める
|
|
|
stanza
|
〔韻文の〕スタンザ、節、連
|
|
|
static
|
静止した、変化のない、停滞した
|
|
|
statute
|
法令
|
|
|
statutory
|
法定の、法令による
|
|
|
steadfast
|
〔意志・信念などが〕確固たる、不動の
|
|
|
stealth
|
ひそかなやり方、内密、こっそりした行為
|
|
|
steep
|
浸す、ずぶぬれにする
|
|
|
stellar
|
花形の、星の
|
|
|
stem
|
from
|
|
|
stem
|
（～の流れを）止める、せき止める
|
|
|
stentorian
|
大声の
|
|
|
stereotype
|
固定観念、紋切り型
|
|
|
stickler
|
完璧主義者、こだわる人
|
|
|
stifle
|
窒息させる、抑制する
|
|
|
stilted
|
〔文体などが〕堅苦しい、形式張った
|
|
|
stipend
|
固定給、奨学金
|
|
|
stipple
|
点描する
|
|
|
stockade
|
防御柵、柵地
|
|
|
stock
|
平凡な、手持ちの
|
|
|
stodgy
|
〔人・本などが〕重苦しい、退屈な
|
|
|
stoic
|
禁欲的な、冷静な
|
|
|
stoke
|
〔火を〕かき立てる、〔燃料を〕補給する
|
|
|
stratagem
|
戦略、計略
|
|
|
stratified
|
層を成した
|
|
|
stratum
|
地層、層
|
|
|
strew
|
ばらまく、まき散らす
|
|
|
stricture
|
批評、酷評
|
|
|
strident
|
執拗な、耳障りな、どぎつい
|
|
|
studied
|
不自然な、熟慮の上の、慎重に考えた上の
|
|
|
stultify
|
～を愚かに見せる、無意味にする
|
|
|
stupefy
|
呆然とさせる、麻痺させる
|
|
|
stupor
|
無感覚状態、無感動、昏迷
|
|
|
stygian
|
地獄の、陰鬱な
|
|
|
stymie
|
邪魔する、遅らせる
|
|
|
suavity
|
人当たりの良さ、上品さ
|
|
|
subaltern
|
〔地位や階級が〕下位の、従属する
|
|
|
subdued
|
落ち着いた、控えめな
|
|
|
subjective
|
主観的な、主観の
|
|
|
subjugate
|
支配下に置く、従属させる
|
|
|
sublimate
|
昇華させる
|
|
|
sublime
|
崇高な、気品にあふれて、圧倒的な
|
|
|
subliminal
|
意識下の
|
|
|
submissive
|
服従的な、従順な
|
|
|
subordinate
|
部下、下位の
|
|
|
suborn
|
《法律》〔わいろを与えて証人・目撃者に〕偽証させる
|
|
|
subsequent
|
次の、後の、その後の
|
|
|
subservient
|
従属する、へつらう、卑屈な
|
|
|
subsidiary
|
従属する、従属的な、子会社
|
|
|
subsidy
|
〔政府・会社などからの〕助成金、補助金
|
|
|
subsistence
|
必要最低限の生活、生存
|
|
|
substantial
|
十分な、相当な、実質的な
|
|
|
substantive
|
実質的な、本質的な
|
|
|
subsume
|
含める、包含する
|
|
|
subterfuge
|
言い訳、口実
|
|
|
subtlety
|
巧妙さ、微妙
|
|
|
subversive
|
〔政府などの支配体制を〕転覆させる、破壊する
|
|
|
succinct
|
簡潔な、簡明な
|
|
|
succor
|
支援する、援助する
|
|
|
succulent
|
〔果物などが〕水気の多い、〔肉が〕ジューシーな
|
|
|
succumb
|
屈服する、負ける、死ぬ
|
|
|
suffragist
|
婦人参政権論者
|
|
|
suffuse
|
〔液体・色などで～を〕満たす、覆う
|
|
|
sully
|
〔名誉・名声などを〕傷つける、〔人の顔に〕泥を塗る
|
|
|
sultry
|
蒸し暑い、〔女性が〕官能的な
|
|
|
summation
|
合計、総和、要約
|
|
|
sumptuous
|
豪華な、高価な
|
|
|
sunder
|
切断する、切断する
|
|
|
sundry
|
様々な、種々の
|
|
|
superannuated
|
時代遅れの、古くて使いものにならない
|
|
|
supercilious
|
〈軽蔑的〉傲慢な、他人を見下した
|
|
|
supererogatory
|
〔仕事などが〕義務以上の
|
|
|
superficial
|
表面的な、浅薄な
|
|
|
superfluous
|
余分な、過度の
|
|
|
superimpose
|
〔文字・画像などを別の画像に〕重ね（合わせ）る
|
|
|
supernumerary
|
定数以上のもの、定員外人員
|
|
|
supine
|
仰向けになった、無気力な
|
|
|
supplant
|
～の地位を奪い取る、～に取って代わる
|
|
|
supple
|
柔軟な、しなやかにする、柔軟にする
|
|
|
suppliant
|
嘆願、懇願
|
|
|
supplicate
|
嘆願する、懇願する
|
|
|
supposititious
|
仮の、仮定の、想定された
|
|
|
suppress
|
抑圧する、鎮圧する
|
|
|
surfeit
|
過多、過剰、過度に食べさせる[飲ませる]
|
|
|
surly
|
無愛想な、不機嫌そうな
|
|
|
surmise
|
〔状況・人の意図を〕推量する
|
|
|
surmount
|
〔障害・困難などを〕克服する、打ち勝つ
|
|
|
surpass
|
～を上回る、超える
|
|
|
surreptitious
|
〔行動が〕秘密の、不正の
|
|
|
surrogate
|
代理人、代理の
|
|
|
surveillance
|
監視、監督
|
|
|
susceptible
|
影響を受けやすい
|
|
|
sustain
|
持続する、支持する、養う
|
|
|
sustenance
|
〔生命を維持する〕栄養、滋養、食物
|
|
|
suture
|
《外科》〔傷口などの〕縫合（糸）、縫い目、縫い合わせる
|
|
|
swarthy
|
〔肌などが〕浅黒い、日に焼けた
|
|
|
swathe
|
巻き付ける、包帯
|
|
|
swelter
|
蒸し暑さで苦しむ、暑くてたまらない
|
|
|
swerve
|
（急に）～の方向を変えさせる、～をそれさせる
|
|
|
swill
|
がぶがぶ飲む
|
|
|
swindler
|
詐欺師
|
|
|
sybarite
|
ぜいたくと快楽にふけっている人
|
|
|
sycophant
|
おべっか使い、ゴマすり
|
|
|
syllogism
|
三段論法、演繹による推論
|
|
|
sylvan
|
森の、緑あふれる
|
|
|
symbiosis
|
共生、共生関係
|
|
|
symmetry
|
〔左右の〕対称、調和
|
|
|
synchronous
|
同時に起こる、同時代の
|
|
|
synoptic
|
梗概の、概要の、大意の
|
|
|
synthesis
|
統合、総合、合成
|
|
|
synthetic
|
人工の、合成の
|
|
|
taciturn
|
無口な、寡黙な
|
|
|
tactile
|
触覚の、触感のある
|
|
|
taint
|
汚す、汚染する、損なう
|
|
|
talisman
|
お守り
|
|
|
talon
|
〔鳥の〕つめ、鉤爪
|
|
|
tangible
|
触れられる、明確な
|
|
|
tanner
|
なめし皮業者
|
|
|
tantalize
|
じらして苦しめる、（見せびらかして）じらす
|
|
|
tantamount
|
同等の、等しい
|
|
|
tantrum
|
かんしゃく、不機嫌、立腹
|
|
|
taper
|
細長い小ろうそく
|
|
|
tarantula
|
《虫》タランチュラ
|
|
|
tarry
|
とどまる、滞在する、ぐずぐずする
|
|
|
tatty
|
〔衣服などが〕くたびれた、ぼろの
|
|
|
tautological
|
同語反復の、類語反復の
|
|
|
taut
|
緊張した、張り詰めた
|
|
|
tawdry
|
はでで安っぽい、〔衣服が〕けばけばしい
|
|
|
taxonomist
|
分類学者
|
|
|
tedium
|
退屈、飽き飽きすること
|
|
|
teetotalism
|
絶対禁酒主義
|
|
|
temerity
|
向こう見ず
|
|
|
temperament
|
気質、気性
|
|
|
temperate
|
節度のある、節制する、温暖な
|
|
|
temper
|
和らげる、強める、鍛える
|
|
|
tempestuous
|
大嵐の、嵐のような
|
|
|
temporal
|
一時的な(もの)、この世の、世俗的な
|
|
|
temporize
|
ぐずぐずする、煮えきらない態度を取る
|
|
|
tempo
|
テンポ、速さ、速度
|
|
|
tenacious
|
粘り強い、執拗な
|
|
|
tenacity
|
固持、固執、不屈
|
|
|
tendentious
|
〔本・意見などが〕偏向した、宣伝的な
|
|
|
tender
|
提供する、差し向ける、申し出る
|
|
|
tenet
|
教義、信条
|
|
|
tensile
|
引き伸ばせる、伸長性のある
|
|
|
tentative
|
仮の、不確かな、ためらいがちな
|
|
|
tenure
|
在職（期間）
|
|
|
tepid
|
ぬるい
|
|
|
termination
|
終了、終結
|
|
|
terminology
|
専門用語（集）
|
|
|
terminus
|
終点、終端、終着駅
|
|
|
terrestrial
|
地球の、陸地の
|
|
|
terse
|
簡潔な、簡明な、素っ気ない
|
|
|
tertiary
|
第三の
|
|
|
tessellated
|
モザイク模様の
|
|
|
testator
|
《法律》遺言者
|
|
|
testy
|
短気な、怒りっぽい
|
|
|
tether
|
～をロープ［綱・鎖］でつなぐ
|
|
|
thematic
|
テーマ［主題・論題］の
|
|
|
theocracy
|
神政政治、神権政治
|
|
|
theoretical
|
理論の、理論的な、仮説の
|
|
|
therapeutic
|
治療法の、治療（上）の
|
|
|
thermal
|
熱の、熱による、保温性の高い、上昇気流
|
|
|
thespian
|
演劇の、戯曲の
|
|
|
thrall
|
奴隷
|
|
|
threadbare
|
擦り切れた、着古した、みすぼらしい
|
|
|
thrifty
|
倹約的な、つましい
|
|
|
thrive
|
繁栄する、成長する
|
|
|
throes
|
ひどい苦しみ、激痛、断末魔の苦しみ
|
|
|
throng
|
群衆
|
|
|
throttle
|
（のどを）締める、～を絞め殺す、窒息させる
|
|
|
thwart
|
まごつかせる、当惑させる
|
|
|
tightwad
|
けちん坊
|
|
|
tiller
|
《航海》舵柄
|
|
|
timbre
|
〔音響・音声学の〕音質、音色
|
|
|
timidity
|
臆病、小心
|
|
|
timorous
|
臆病な
|
|
|
tipple
|
〔酒を〕チビチビと飲み続ける
|
|
|
titanic
|
巨大な
|
|
|
tithe
|
十分の一税
|
|
|
titillate
|
〔体・心を〕くすぐる、浮き立たせる
|
|
|
title
|
権利、所有権、称号、書名
|
|
|
titter
|
忍び笑い
|
|
|
titular
|
肩書きの、名ばかりの
|
|
|
toady
|
ゴマすり、機嫌取り
|
|
|
toga
|
〔古代ローマの〕トーガ
|
|
|
tome
|
〔重い・学術的な〕本、大冊
|
|
|
tonsure
|
剃髪、頭髪を剃った部分、剃髪式
|
|
|
topography
|
地形学、地質（学）、地勢図
|
|
|
torque
|
トルク、回転させる力
|
|
|
torrent
|
急流、激流
|
|
|
torrid
|
〔恋愛感情が〕熱烈な、情熱的な、しゃく熱の
|
|
|
torso
|
胴、胴体のみの彫像
|
|
|
totter
|
よろよろ歩く、よろめく
|
|
|
touchstone
|
試金石、標準
|
|
|
touchy
|
厄介な、敏感な、怒りっぽい
|
|
|
tout
|
～を褒めちぎる、～を大げさに宣伝する
|
|
|
toxic
|
中毒性の、有毒な
|
|
|
tract
|
小冊子、小論文、地域、区域
|
|
|
traduce
|
中傷する
|
|
|
trajectory
|
軌道、曲線
|
|
|
tranquility
|
静けさ、静寂
|
|
|
transcendent
|
並外れた、〔能力などが〕卓越した
|
|
|
transcribe
|
複写する、発音記号で書き表す
|
|
|
transfigure
|
～の姿［外観］を変える、変貌させる
|
|
|
transient
|
一時的な、一時［短期］滞在の
|
|
|
transition
|
移り変わり、移行
|
|
|
transitory
|
一時的な、はかない
|
|
|
translucent
|
半透明な
|
|
|
transmute
|
〔形・性質・考え方などが〕変わる
|
|
|
transparent
|
透明な
|
|
|
transpire
|
知られるようになる、生じる、起こる
|
|
|
transport
|
歓喜、有頂天、夢中にする、有頂天にする
|
|
|
trappings
|
〔衣服の〕装飾品
|
|
|
traumatic
|
外傷の
|
|
|
travail
|
苦労、骨折り
|
|
|
traverse
|
越える、横切る
|
|
|
travesty
|
本来の意図がねじ曲げられた状況、曲解、〔まじめな主題を〕滑稽化した作品
|
|
|
treatise
|
論文
|
|
|
trek
|
トレッキングする、〔徒歩で・苦労して〕旅行する
|
|
|
tremor
|
震え、震動
|
|
|
tremulous
|
震えた、震える（ような）
|
|
|
trenchant
|
力強い、元気な、切れの良い
|
|
|
trepidation
|
震え、恐怖、不安
|
|
|
tribulation
|
〔激しい〕苦痛、苦難
|
|
|
tribunal
|
法廷、裁判所
|
|
|
tribute
|
貢ぎ物、賛辞、感謝の印
|
|
|
trident
|
三つ又［三叉］の道具
|
|
|
trifling
|
取るに足りない、つまらない
|
|
|
trigger
|
～の引き金を引く、誘因となる
|
|
|
trilogy
|
三部作
|
|
|
trinket
|
小さなアクセサリー、安物の宝石
|
|
|
trite
|
陳腐な、平凡な
|
|
|
trivia
|
つまらないこと、どうでもよいこと
|
|
|
troth
|
〔配偶者や婚約者同士の〕貞節の誓い
|
|
|
trough
|
飼い葉桶、餌入れ、景気の谷、底値
|
|
|
truism
|
分かりきったこと、自明の理
|
|
|
truncate
|
先［先端］を切り取る、〔数を〕切り捨てる
|
|
|
tryst
|
〔恋人同士の〕密会、逢い引き
|
|
|
tumid
|
腫れた、大げさな
|
|
|
tumult
|
騒動、騒々しさ
|
|
|
tundra
|
ツンドラ、凍土帯
|
|
|
turbid
|
〔沈殿物がかき乱されて〕濁った、不透明な
|
|
|
turbulence
|
大荒れ、乱気流
|
|
|
tureen
|
ふた付きの深皿
|
|
|
turgid
|
膨らんだ、〔言葉・文体などが〕大げさな
|
|
|
turmoil
|
騒動、混乱、不安
|
|
|
turncoat
|
裏切者
|
|
|
turpitude
|
卑劣（な行為）
|
|
|
tutelage
|
保護、後見
|
|
|
tutelary
|
保護者の、後見人の
|
|
|
tycoon
|
〔ビジネス界の〕大物（実業家）
|
|
|
typhoon
|
台風、暴風
|
|
|
tyranny
|
圧制、専制政治
|
|
|
tyro
|
初心者
|
|
|
ubiquitous
|
偏在する、至るところに存在する
|
|
|
ulterior
|
向こう側にある、〔目的などが〕隠された
|
|
|
ultimate
|
最終的な
|
|
|
ultimatum
|
最後通告、最後の言葉
|
|
|
umbrage
|
憤り、立腹、不快
|
|
|
unaccountable
|
説明できない、不可解な
|
|
|
unanimity
|
全員の合意、満場一致
|
|
|
unassailable
|
攻めることのできない、論破できない
|
|
|
unassuaged
|
満足できない、なだめられない
|
|
|
unassuming
|
気取らない、控えめな
|
|
|
unbridled
|
束縛を解かれた、抑えのきかない
|
|
|
uncanny
|
神秘的な、説明が難しい、人並み外れた
|
|
|
unconscionable
|
過度の、法外な、途方もない
|
|
|
uncouth
|
見苦しい、粗野な、ださい
|
|
|
unction
|
注油、塗油
|
|
|
unctuous
|
お世辞たらたらの、〔油で〕ぬるぬるした
|
|
|
underlying
|
基礎を成す、下に横たわる
|
|
|
undermine
|
～を徐々に弱らせる、弱体化させる
|
|
|
underscore
|
強調する
|
|
|
undulating
|
〔地表などが〕起伏する
|
|
|
unearthly
|
この世のものではない［とは思えない］、超自然的な
|
|
|
unearth
|
掘り出す、発掘する
|
|
|
unequivocal
|
明確な、明解な
|
|
|
unerringly
|
寸分の違いもなく、的確に
|
|
|
unexceptionable
|
申し分［非の打ちどころ・反対するところ］のない
|
|
|
unfaltering
|
しっかりとした、断固とした
|
|
|
unfeigned
|
偽りのない、誠実な
|
|
|
unfettered
|
拘束されない、自由な
|
|
|
unfledged
|
未熟な
|
|
|
unfrock
|
～から聖職［特権］を剥奪する
|
|
|
ungainly
|
不格好な、見苦しい
|
|
|
unguent
|
軟膏
|
|
|
uniformity
|
均一（性）、一様（性）
|
|
|
unilateral
|
一方的な、片側だけの
|
|
|
unimpeachable
|
非難できない、申し分のない
|
|
|
uninhibited
|
禁じられていない、制約されない
|
|
|
unintimidating
|
おびえさせない、威嚇しない
|
|
|
unique
|
唯一の
|
|
|
unison
|
調和、一致
|
|
|
universal
|
全体の、普遍的な
|
|
|
unkempt
|
〔髪が〕くしを入れていない、手入れされていない
|
|
|
unmitigated
|
和らげられない、純然たる、紛れのない
|
|
|
unobtrusive
|
控えめな、出しゃばらない
|
|
|
unpalatable
|
嫌な、受け入れがたい
|
|
|
unprecedented
|
前例［先例］のない、前代未聞の、無類の
|
|
|
unprepossessing
|
〔物の外観や人の外見などが〕魅力的でない、感じの悪い
|
|
|
unravel
|
ほどく、解く
|
|
|
unrequited
|
仕返しされていない、報われない
|
|
|
unruly
|
規則に従わない、手に負えない
|
|
|
unsavory
|
嫌な、不快な
|
|
|
unscathed
|
無傷の、傷［痛手］を受けていない
|
|
|
unseemly
|
不作法な、下品な
|
|
|
unsightly
|
見苦しい、醜い
|
|
|
unsullied
|
汚されていない、貶められていない
|
|
|
untenable
|
（論理が）支持できない、受け入れ難い
|
|
|
untoward
|
面倒を起こす、厄介な、不作法な、見苦しい
|
|
|
untrammeled
|
制約されていない
|
|
|
unwarranted
|
保証されていない、根拠のない
|
|
|
unwieldy
|
〔大き過ぎて・重過ぎて〕扱いにくい、手に負えない
|
|
|
unwitting
|
無意識の
|
|
|
unwonted
|
不慣れな
|
|
|
upbraid
|
叱責する、非難する
|
|
|
uproarious
|
騒がしい、とてもおかしい
|
|
|
upshot
|
結末、結論、要点
|
|
|
urbane
|
洗練された、あか抜けした、都会風の
|
|
|
urchin
|
わんぱく小僧
|
|
|
ursine
|
熊の（ような）
|
|
|
usurp
|
〔他人の権利などを〕侵害する、奪う
|
|
|
usury
|
高利貸し
|
|
|
utopia
|
〔社会・政治体制などの〕理想郷、ユートピア
|
|
|
uxorious
|
女房に甘過ぎる
|
|
|
vacuous
|
空虚な、無目的な
|
|
|
vagabond
|
放浪者、漂流者
|
|
|
vagary
|
〔人の行動の〕気まぐれ
|
|
|
vagrant
|
放浪の、あちこちに動く、放浪者
|
|
|
vainglorious
|
〔自分の能力などについて〕自慢し過ぎる、虚栄心の強い
|
|
|
valedictory
|
告別の、別れの
|
|
|
validate
|
有効にする、立証する
|
|
|
valid
|
有効な、正当な、妥当な
|
|
|
valor
|
勇敢さ、勇気
|
|
|
vampire
|
吸血鬼
|
|
|
vanguard
|
先駆者、前衛
|
|
|
vantage
|
見晴らしの良い地点、優勢な地位
|
|
|
vapid
|
〔話などが〕退屈な、生気がない、つまらない
|
|
|
vaporize
|
蒸発する
|
|
|
variegated
|
変化に富んだ、雑色の
|
|
|
vassal
|
〔封建時代の〕臣下
|
|
|
vaunted
|
誇示されている、大げさに称賛されている
|
|
|
veer
|
進行方向を変える、曲がる
|
|
|
vegetate
|
草木のようにブラブラして何もしない、単調な生活をする
|
|
|
vehement
|
熱心な、熱狂的な
|
|
|
velocity
|
速度
|
|
|
venal
|
〔人が〕賄賂で動く、賄賂が絡んだ
|
|
|
vendetta
|
〔家族や氏族間の〕血の復讐
|
|
|
vendor
|
物売り、行商人、自動販売機
|
|
|
veneer
|
化粧板
|
|
|
venerable
|
由緒ある、尊い
|
|
|
venial
|
〔誤りなどが〕わずかな、ささいな
|
|
|
venison
|
鹿の肉
|
|
|
venom
|
毒、悪意、敵意
|
|
|
ventral
|
腹部の
|
|
|
ventriloquist
|
腹話術師
|
|
|
venturesome
|
向こう見ずな、大胆な
|
|
|
venture
|
～を危険にさらす、思い切って～する
|
|
|
vent
|
穴、通気孔、出口、〔怒りなどの感情を〕発散させる
|
|
|
veracity
|
正直さ、〔情報の〕正確さ
|
|
|
verbalize
|
言葉で表現する
|
|
|
verbatim
|
一語一語、逐語的に
|
|
|
verbiage
|
〔不必要に〕言葉数の多いこと、冗言
|
|
|
verdant
|
緑に覆われた、青々とした
|
|
|
verdigris
|
〔銅の表面の〕緑青
|
|
|
verge
|
端、縁、境界
|
|
|
verisimilar
|
本当らしい
|
|
|
verisimilitude
|
本当らしい、真実味
|
|
|
veritable
|
本当の、真の
|
|
|
verity
|
真実性、真実であること、真理
|
|
|
vernacular
|
その土地の言葉、方言
|
|
|
vernal
|
春の
|
|
|
versatile
|
用途の広い、多目的な、多芸多才の
|
|
|
vertex
|
頂上、頂点
|
|
|
vertigo
|
目眩
|
|
|
verve
|
力強さ、活気、活力
|
|
|
vestige
|
名残、痕跡
|
|
|
vex
|
イライラさせる、苦しませる
|
|
|
viand
|
〔個々の〕食品、〔おいしい〕食事
|
|
|
vicarious
|
身代わりの、代行の、代償（性）の、わがことのような
|
|
|
vicissitude
|
移り変わり、栄枯盛衰、苦難、試練
|
|
|
victuals
|
食糧
|
|
|
vie
|
（優劣を）競う、争う、競争する
|
|
|
vigilant
|
油断がない、用心深い
|
|
|
vignette
|
〔書物の扉などの〕装飾模様、写真、〔文章による〕寸描
|
|
|
vigor
|
活力、気力、元気
|
|
|
vilify
|
中傷する、けなす
|
|
|
vindicate
|
～の疑惑や汚名をすすぐ、正当性を立証する
|
|
|
vindictive
|
復讐心のある、報復的な
|
|
|
vintner
|
ワイン醸造業者
|
|
|
viper
|
毒ヘビ、まむし
|
|
|
virile
|
男の、男らしい
|
|
|
virtual
|
事実上、実質的な
|
|
|
virtue
|
美徳、徳、長所
|
|
|
virtuoso
|
〔芸術の〕名人、大家
|
|
|
virulent
|
《病》悪性の、毒性の
|
|
|
virus
|
ウイルス
|
|
|
visage
|
顔、顔つき、顔立ち
|
|
|
visceral
|
内蔵の、心の底からの
|
|
|
viscid
|
ネバネバする、粘着性の
|
|
|
vise
|
〔工具の〕万力
|
|
|
visionary
|
空想家、空想にふける、幻想の、〔考えなどが〕非現実的な
|
|
|
vital
|
生命維持に必要な、死活的な、不可欠な
|
|
|
vitiate
|
〔質・価値・効果などを〕低下させる、損なう
|
|
|
vitreous
|
ガラス質の
|
|
|
vitriolic
|
辛らつな、痛烈な
|
|
|
vivacious
|
生き生きとした、〔女性が〕快活な、陽気な
|
|
|
vivisection
|
生体解剖
|
|
|
vixen
|
雌ギツネ、意地の悪い女
|
|
|
vociferous
|
大声で叫ぶ、騒々しい
|
|
|
vogue
|
流行、人気
|
|
|
volition
|
意志（力・作用）、意欲
|
|
|
voluble
|
流暢な、多弁な
|
|
|
voluminous
|
巻数が多い、膨大な
|
|
|
voracious
|
食欲旺盛な、貪欲な
|
|
|
vortex
|
〔流体が作る〕渦、渦巻き
|
|
|
vouchsafe
|
〔好意や慈悲心により〕～を賜る、～を与える、～を認める
|
|
|
voyeur
|
のぞき魔、のぞき見趣味の人
|
|
|
vulnerable
|
攻撃を受けやすい、傷つきやすい
|
|
|
vulpine
|
きつね、狡猾な
|
|
|
waffle
|
言葉を濁す、曖昧なことを言う
|
|
|
waft
|
〔空中を〕漂う、フワフワと飛ぶ
|
|
|
waggish
|
ひょうきんな、滑稽な
|
|
|
waif
|
浮浪児、棄児、捨てられた動物
|
|
|
waive
|
〔一時的に〕～を延期する、〔権利などの主張を自発的に〕放棄する
|
|
|
wake
|
起きる、(ある物の)通った跡
|
|
|
wallow
|
転げ回る、〔快楽などに〕ふける
|
|
|
wanderlust
|
旅行熱
|
|
|
wane
|
衰える、終わりに近づく
|
|
|
wangle
|
ごまかす、だまし取る
|
|
|
wanton
|
奔放な、気ままな、反抗的な
|
|
|
wan
|
青白い、病弱な
|
|
|
warble
|
〔小鳥が〕さえずる、～を〔声を震わせて〕歌う
|
|
|
warranty
|
保証書、保証
|
|
|
warren
|
〔大きな群れが作る〕ウサギの巣穴、〔建物が〕ゴチャゴチャした地域
|
|
|
wastrel
|
浪費家
|
|
|
waylay
|
待ち伏せる
|
|
|
wean
|
〔子供を〕乳離れさせる
|
|
|
weather
|
外気に耐える、風雨に耐える、〔困難などを〕切り抜ける
|
|
|
welter
|
寄せ集め、混乱、〔波や風などによる〕揺れ、〔快楽や感傷などに〕ふける、おぼれる
|
|
|
welt
|
（むちによる）強打（の跡）
|
|
|
wheedle
|
～を口車に乗せる、うまいこと言って（人）に～させる
|
|
|
whelp
|
子犬
|
|
|
whet
|
～を（砥石で）研ぐ、磨く、（欲求を）刺激する
|
|
|
whiff
|
〔息などの〕ひと吹き、〔香りやにおいの〕一嗅ぎ、名残
|
|
|
whinny
|
〔馬が穏やかに〕いななく、〔馬がいななくように〕笑う
|
|
|
whittle
|
～をナイフで削る、減らす
|
|
|
whit
|
わずか、残量
|
|
|
whorl
|
《植物》輪生体
|
|
|
willful
|
故意の、頑固な、意図的な
|
|
|
wily
|
ずる賢い、狡猾な
|
|
|
wince
|
〔恐怖などで〕たじろぐ、ひるむ
|
|
|
windfall
|
風で落ちた（熟した）果実、予期していない幸運
|
|
|
winnow
|
もみ殻を吹き分ける、〔不要なものを〕取り除く
|
|
|
winsome
|
〔無邪気で〕魅力的な、愛きょうのある
|
|
|
wispy
|
微かな、小さい束の
|
|
|
wistful
|
切ない気持ちの、物欲しそうな
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withdrawn
|
〔人が〕引きこもった、内にこもった、人里離れた
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wither
|
しぼむ、しおれる
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withhold
|
差し控える、与えないでおく
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withstand
|
耐える、持ちこたえる
|
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witless
|
無分別な、ばかな、愚かな
|
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witticism
|
機知に富む言葉、しゃれ、名言
|
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wizardry
|
魔法、妙技
|
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wizened
|
しわくちゃの、しなびた
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woe
|
悲哀、苦悩、災難
|
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wont
|
〔特定の個人や民族の〕習慣、風習、～するのを常としている
|
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worldly
|
世俗的な、世俗的欲望の強い
|
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wrangle
|
口論する、（人）を説き伏せる、〔牛・馬などの〕番をする
|
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wrath
|
激怒
|
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wreak
|
〔罰や復讐を人に〕加える、与える、〔破壊や損害を〕引き起こす
|
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wrench
|
ねじる、よじる
|
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wrest
|
ねじり取る、もぎ取る、奪い取る
|
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writhe
|
身をよじる、身もだえする
|
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writ
|
〔裁判所の文書による〕命令、令状
|
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wry
|
しかめっ面の、ゆがんだ、皮肉たっぷりの
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xenophobia
|
外国（人）嫌い
|
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yen
|
あこがれ、熱望
|
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yeoman
|
富裕農民
|
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yield
|
生産、産出（高）、屈する、譲る
|
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yokel
|
〈軽蔑的〉田舎者
|
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yoke
|
一緒になる、結合する
|
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yore
|
昔
|
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zany
|
滑稽な、おどけた
|
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zeal
|
熱意、熱心
|
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zenith
|
天頂、頂上
|
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zephyr
|
そよ風、微風
|
