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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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G + cocci grape like clusters, thin capuslar layer
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Staph. Aureus
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Catalase positive and beta hemolytic
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Staph. Aureus
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Surface protein A binds Fc domain of Ig
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Staph. Aureus
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Found in the nose and throat
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Staph. Aureus
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Impetigo, folliculitis, furncles, carbunbles, all listed as pyogneic skin diseases
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Staph. Aureus
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Blisters found in children during the summer time
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Impetigo which is caused by Staph. Aureus.
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Condition found in babies, periorbital edema, desquamation, and healing occurs without any scars
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Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)
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Menstruating women with indwelling tampons that have not been removed for a extended period of time.
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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) occurs from Staph. Aureus.
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Sweating and faint after eating. Potato salad, meat, custard and egg. Food handlers.
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Staph. Aureus
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Infection of the bone marrow, and infection in the joint space
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Osteromeylitis and septic arthritis found from Staph Aureus.
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Viral infection of the lung can also cause this bacterial infection
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Staph. Aureus
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Right side endocarditits in injection drug users can cause these infections
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Staph. Aureus
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Can destroy blood cells and phagocytes
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Gamma toxin leukocidin, found in Staph. Aureus
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Coagulase effects in Staph Aureus
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Found on bacterial surface, turns fibrinogen into fibrin, bacteria are clumped, shields bacteria from phagocytes, defense role. MAIN VIRULENCE FACTOR.
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Serine proteases that cleave desmoglein 1, a cell adhesion protein, no attraction of leukocytes so little inflammatory response.
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Exfoliation (scalded skin) that is caused by Staph Aureus
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Entertoxin B and C, act as super antigen, bind to MHC-TCR complex with massive releases of IL-1 and TNFa and IFN g
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Staph. Aureus Toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST).
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Most common Staph Enterotoxin
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Type A
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Formation of acid with a formation of yellow place
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Mannitol 6.5% salt agar
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Catalase and Coagulase postive test
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Staph. Aureus
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Binds to the 5th D alanine on the peptidoglycan structure.
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Vancomycine resistance of Staph. Aureus.
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Coagulase negative but catalase positive
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Staph. Epidermidis
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Found on catheters that enter our body and are distributed into the blood
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Staph. Epidermidis
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Cause lead to infective endocarditis post due to noscomial causes
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Staph. Epidermidis
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G+ large gram positive spore forming bacilli with tendency for chain formation, poly glutamic acid capsule
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Wool sorters disease
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Disease of herbivores, sheep cattle and bison the acquire the pathogens from grazing or wounds.
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Occupational hazard disease
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Long changes of the organisms with central spores
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Toxin is A-B, which one is for binding and the most important
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Bacillus Anthracis toxin with the B antigen being the most important one being called the Protective Antigen (PA).
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Which factors does PA accept in B.Anthracis
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Edema factor or lethal factor, as they enter cells.
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Factor that is an adenylate cyclase
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Edema factor in B.Anthracis
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Factor that is a protease
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Lethal factor in bacillus Anthracis
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Drug users in England were killed from this bacteria
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Failure of filter of air replacement in Russia caused death due to this organisms
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Black necrotic center with raised edematous edges
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Cutaneous Anthrax from would inoculation
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Preventation is caused by vaccination of animals and problems near national park
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Gram stains, specimen of specimen swab and even blood, no spore
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Gram + bacilli produce spore under correct conditions, are anaerobes
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Genus Clostridium
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Found in soil, water, animal and human gastrointestinal flora
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Genus Clostridium
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There are several toxins A-E
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Clostridium Perfringes
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The type of toxin that is found in food in C. Perfringes
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Toxin A in food poisoning, soft tissue infections and septicemia
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Causes Cellulitis and fascitis
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C.Perfringens
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Deep wound, pain, gas production, massive muscle necrosis, hemolysis
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Gas gangrene found in C.Perfringens
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Type C strains incrminated, blood diarrhea, excess pork ingestion with sweet potatoes, (trypsin inhibitor) allows toxin function in gut, called PIG-BEL.
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C.Perfringens
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Typical food intoxication in meat contaminated with spore, improper preparation. Symptoms 6-24 hours, cramps, watery diarrhea, recovery in 24 hours.
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C.Perfringens
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Anaerobic culture methods in jars, sepcial chambers, good growth in one day
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C.Perfringens
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Strongly hemolytic on BAP, lipase assay
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C.Perfringens
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Swollen, terminal spore development and drum stick appearance, an anaerobe, sensitive to oxygen, spreads on moist, freshly prepared agars
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C. Tetani
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Lock jaw
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C. Tetani
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B unit in C.Tetani
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Binds to Sialic acid
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A unit in C. Tetani
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Attacks synaptobrevin a (VAMP) in the neuromuscular vesicle.
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Organism is senstive to air
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C.Tetani
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Tetanus Toxoid with diphtheria toxoid and pertusus cellular and acellular
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DPT, DaPT and Tdap, Td, TD
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Immunization of C.tatani
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Passive immunization with human anti-tetanus Ig
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Treatment used for C. Tetani
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Metronidazole, anaerobes, no penicillin since it inhibits GABA.
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Bacilli that is NOT ACID FAST
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Actinomyces Israelii
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Gram positive non sporeforming bacilli
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Actinomyces is the most important.
Propionibacterium (acne) Mobilunucs |
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Normal oral flora, endogenous infections
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anaeroblic gram postive non sporeformers
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Cervicofacial following dental procedure or trauma, causes LUMPY JAW
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Actinomyces
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Yellow sulfur granules in drainage seen on gauze containing many bacterial filaments
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Actinomyces
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Rash that is usually found in children
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Exanthems
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Alpha Herpes Virus
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VZV
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Large, enveloped, linear, dsDNA viruses, smaller herpes virus
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VZV
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Is acquired by inhalation in early youth if not immunized, or direct contact with lesions of chickenpox (varicella).
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VZV
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Pain for several weeks or years before it is cleared by the human
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VZV herpes zoster, SHINGLES
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Latency in dorsal root ganglia is the basis for later shingles eruptions in about 10% of perviously infected
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VZV herpes zoster, SHINGLES
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Vesiculo pustular rash that appears and then latency in dorsal root and cranial ganglia follows
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Drew drop, in VZV.
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Lesions on the trunk but also scalp, moth and then extremeitis
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Chicken pox, found in VZV
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Rash comes in crops over several days, crust over
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VZV
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Cowdry type A
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Intra nuclear inclusions found in Tzank smears of HSV and VZV virus
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Vaccine for VZV
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Active, attenuated Oka strain of VZV is successful, stimulates T-cell responses.
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Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7
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Roseolovirus
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Rapid onset with high fever, within 2 days rash forms that then resolves quickly, within another two days
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Roseolo in Exanthem Subitum
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Agent of erythema infectiosum
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Parvovirus B19
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Smalles DNA virus, naked linear, ssDNA
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Parvovirus B19
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Plus or minus strands in sparate virions have looped ends, creates false dsDNA
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Parvovirus B19
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Replicates only in mitotically active cells
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Parvovirus B19
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Airborne transmission and oral secretions, the latter most important
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Parvovirus B19
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Slapped cheek syndrome
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Parvovirus B19
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Risk for Aplastic Anemia in person with Sickle cell disease
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Parvovirus B19
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Risk for hydrops fecalis of non immune mothers
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parvovirus B19
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Enveloped, positive ssRNA viruses
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Rubella
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mRNA expression yields a polyprotein typical of plus sense RNA viruses, polyprotein self cleavage to other proteins some of which are enzymes
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Positives ssRNA found in Rubella
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Incubation about two weeks before symptoms appear, aids spread
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Rubella, german measles
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Repiraoty to nodes to viremia to skin and macular and macuopapular rash
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German measles
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Can cause transplacental infection may cause teratogenic effects such as cataracts, deafness, mental retardation in utero death possible.
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German Measles
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Active cold adapted rubella virus
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MMR vaccine given to young children 2 to 3 years old in German Measles.
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Primarily used to prevent congenital disease but works in childhood diseases too
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MMR vaccine given to young children 2 to 3 years old in German Measles.
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Enveloped, negative, ssRNA viruses
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Paramyxovirus- Measles
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Has its own RNA sep-RNA poly
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Paramyxovirus- Measles
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Maculopapular rash as T cells combat infection at endothelial lining of blood vessels
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Measles
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Koplik spots on buccal mucosa and then small rash granular appearance
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Measles
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Post infectious encephalitis is an autoimmune expression
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Measles
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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Measles
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Vaccine for Measles
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MMR vaccine with Moraten strain of Edmonston B attenuated measles virus.
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G - bacilli, ferment sugards and non motile
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Yersinia pestis
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Bubonic plague, that has the reservoir as rats, squirrels, wild rodents and vectors are fleas
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Yersinia pestis
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Vector is Xenopsylla Cheopis
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Flea vector for Yersinia Pestis
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Can be spread by flea or aerosols from person to person
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Yersinia pestis
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LPS, Type 3 secretion injection
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Yersinia pestis outer proteins, into host cells, initiates apoptosis, cell death via actin instability, blocks cytokine release.
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Sylvatic animals likes squirrels, field rats, rabbits with flea vector
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Yersinia Pestis
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Initial infection of Yersinia
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ENLARGED LYMPH NODES (BUBOES) followed by pneumonic diseases and person to person transmission aerosol.
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Protease that degrades C5a and C3b
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Yersinia prevents chemotaxis and opsonization and digests fibrin clots.
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Bang's disease, and undulant fever
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Brucella species
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Brucella spp from cattle
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Abortus, that leads to abortions in the cattle
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Direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of raw milk, cheese and less often inhalation
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Brucella species
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Symptoms develop of weeks, with fever wave, chills, night sweats, cachexia, becomes chronic unless treated.
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Brucella species
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facultative intracellular parasite, is hard to find in tissue with slow growth
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Brucella species
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Diagnosis of Brucella
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Serum agglutination of bacteria
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Vaccine for Brucella
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Animal Vaccine RB51 for animals, but cause cause brucelosis in humans
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Prevention of Brucella
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Avoid exposed animals
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Lyme disease and relapsing fever
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Spirochetal Zoonoses
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They can have antigenic variation to escpre the immune repsonse
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Borrelia Recurrentis
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The human body louse is the vector for epidemic relapsing fever, moves from disused to healthy person, crushed lice release Borrelia into bite wound
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Pediculus humanus louse found in Borrelia Recurrentis
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The endemic relapsing fever of Borrelia
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Transmitted by ticks from different rodents
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Pathogenesis of Recurrentis
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Similar to typhus found in B. recurrentis
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Development of arthritis in children in the large joints
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Lyme Disease
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Found in deer mice and Ioxdes
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Lyme Disease
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Vector for lyme disease and borrelia burgdorferi
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Nymph tick that is very small and is not seen
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There is a persons of erythema migrans
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Lyme disease, flat reddened area of the skin that expands with central clearing from the bite site, disappears with time.
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Fever and chills followed by arthritis or neurologic or cardiac aberrations
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Lyme disease
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Thin, coiled spirochetes with hooked ends
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Leptospira interrogans
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Reservoir in swine, dogs, other mammals as a chronic kidney infection
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Leptospira interrogans
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Can be spread by drinking water from ponds, streams and swimming where urination takes place by certain mammals
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Leptospira interrogans
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Mild flu like symptoms, jaundice
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Leptospira interrogans
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Severe form of Leptospira Interrogans
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Weil's diseases which includes liver and renal failures vasculitis, possible rash with increased mortality (10%)
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Gram negative coccobacilli with tendency to pleamorphism
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Francisella, brucella and yersinia
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Reservoirs that are Domestic or wild mammals
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Zoonotis
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Bacteriodes fragilis
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common bacteria in the intestine
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Small poor staining and Gram - coccobacilli, non-motile, strict aerobes
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Francisella tularensis
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Growth needs cysteine and complex media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE)
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Francisella tularensis
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Rabbit fever, deer fly fever, tularemia
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Francisella tularensis
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Reservor for Type A in rabbits, Hares, most commin in USA
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Strain of Francisella Tularensis
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Transmitted through infected animals, hards shelled ticks, and deer flies
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Francisella tularensis
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Disease in outdoorsmen, hunter, trappers or less often cat bites
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Francisella tularensis
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Oculoglandular from blood spray from animal cleaning and Ulcerogladular lesions at the site of entry, with pain and lymphatic involvement.
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Francisella tularensis
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Spreads to many tissues, fever, lymph glands
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Francisella tularensis
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Collection of culture can be a hazard, you would need glove and shield protection.
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Francisella tularensis
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BCYE cysteine culture and bacterial AGGLUTINATION TEST with a 4 fold increase from acute to convalescent sera.
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Francisella tularensis
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