Barone One Liners

Front 1

"Banana shaped" heart chamber. Dx?

Back 1

HOCM

Front 2

"Evil spleen" eats platelets. Dx?

Back 2

ITP

Front 3

"Fountain of youth" gene and its action

Back 3

Bcl-2; plugs bax channels, thereby preventing apoptosis

Front 4

"Loser" sign fungus? Explain

Back 4

Mucormycosis - L is for the 90 degree branches, other three fingers form an "M"

Front 5

"Schoolyard diagnosis" - Kid gets blue on the playground, squats, gets better

Back 5

Tetralogy (can present later in childhood when not severe)

Front 6

#1 cause of apoptosis

Back 6

DNA damage

Front 7

#1 killer in sickle cell

Back 7

Streptococcal sepsis

Front 8

#1 transmitter of rabies

Back 8

Skunk

Front 9

8:14 translocaiton: Dx and gene activated

Back 9

Burkitt's; C-myc

Front 10

Accumulates in Fabry's

Back 10

Globotriaosyclceramide (aka Gb3, GL-3)

Front 11

Action of Bax

Back 11

Punches hole in mitochondrial outer membrane, releases cytochrome C

Front 12

Active component of cyclophosphamide and its MOA

Back 12

Nitrogen mustard, alkylating agent

Front 13

Actually does the killing in apoptosis

Back 13

Caspases

Front 14

Acute chest syndrome is seen with?

Back 14

Sickle cell crisis

Front 15

Aerobic with many mitochondria: type I or II muscle fibers?

Back 15

Type I

Front 16

Affected first in disuse atrophy: type I or II fibers

Back 16

Type II

Front 17

Age group for mantle cell lymphoma

Back 17

Middle aged

Front 18

Ages for hydatidiform moles

Back 18

Extremes of reproductive life

Front 19

AIDS patient + partially acid-fast rods = ?

Back 19

Nocardia

Front 20

AIDS patient + Ziehl-Neelson positive rods = ?

Back 20

Mycobacterium avium (still have to rule out TB)

Front 21

AIDS patient gets Addisons. Likely cause?

Back 21

CMV in the adrenals

Front 22

AIDS pneumonia: Nuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by halo. Dx?

Back 22

CMV (description is an owl eye)

Front 23

All renal cell carcinomas have what gene mutation?

Back 23

vHL (still there whether as part of syndrome or sporadic)

Front 24

Alternate name for Burkitt's

Back 24

Small non-cleaved lymphoma

Front 25

Alternate name for diffuse scleroderma

Back 25

Progressive systemic sclerosis

Front 26

Alternate name for Imatinib/Gleevac

Back 26

STI-571 (signal transduction inhibitor)

Front 27

Alternate name for polycystic ovaries

Back 27

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

Front 28

Alternate name for shaft of bone

Back 28

Diaphysis

Front 29

Alternate name for teratoma

Back 29

Dermoid cyst

Front 30

Alternate name for Wilson's disease

Back 30

Hepatolenticular degeneration

Front 31

Alternate name for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

Back 31

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia/Bruton's syndrome

Front 32

Alternate name, chromosome, and tumor for L-myc

Back 32

Myc-L1, 1st chromosome, Small cell carcinoma

Front 33

Amino acid precursor to Niacin

Back 33

Tryptophan

Front 34

Anti-arrhythmic to be avoided in scleroderma. Why?

Back 34

Amiodarone; causes pulmonary fibrosis

Front 35

Anti-arrhythmic with pulmonary fibrosis

Back 35

Amiodarone

Front 36

Antibodies in diffuse, but not local scleroderma

Back 36

Anti-topoisomerase I (SCL-70)

Front 37

Antibodies in local scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

Back 37

Anti-centromere

Front 38

Antibodies in Sjorgren's

Back 38

Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB

Front 39

Anti-histone antibody dx?

Back 39

Drug induced lupus

Front 40

Aortic stenosis usually isn't seen until age 70-ish. Why would you get it in 40's or 50's?

Back 40

Bicuspid aortic valve

Front 41

Appearance of cryptococcus

Back 41

Yeast with huge capsule

Front 42

Appearance of enzymatic fat necrosis

Back 42

Chalky white (fat becomes saponified)

Front 43

Appearance of hands in scleroderma

Back 43

Claw-like

Front 44

Appearance of penumocystitis

Back 44

Cysts with dots in the middle (dots are trophozoites)

Front 45

Areas of body where psoriasis is more common

Back 45

Areas that receive pressure (buttocks, extensor surfaces, etc)

Front 46

Arrhythmia + drug-induced lupus = ?

Back 46

Procainamide

Front 47

As a general rule, any trisomy will have at least what heart defect

Back 47

VSD

Front 48

Ascites, fatty liver, edema: marasmus, kwashiorkor, or both?

Back 48

kwashiorkor only

Front 49

Aside from chromosomal abnormalities, the #1 cause of multiple spontaneous abortions

Back 49

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

Front 50

Associated with ovarian cancer: BRCA 1, 2, or both?

Back 50

1 only

Front 51

At risk with long term exposure to alfatoxin

Back 51

Liver cancer

Front 52

Auscultation site for PDA murmur

Back 52

Pulmonary

Front 53

Baby with basal ganglia calcifications. Dx?

Back 53

Toxoplasmosis

Front 54

Baby with periventricular white matter calcifications. Dx?

Back 54

CMV

Front 55

Benefit of metformin in polycystic ovaries

Back 55

Lowers blood sugar and LH, more regular ovulation (better chance of fertility)

Front 56

Best auscultation site for VSD murmur

Back 56

Tricuspid site (lower sternal border)

Front 57

Best test for cyprtococcus

Back 57

Latex agglutination for cryptococcal antibody (india ink is used because it's cheaper)

Front 58

Bilateral schwannomas + meningiomas. Likely dx?

Back 58

NF type 2

Front 59

Black nodule inside any organ = ?

Back 59

Melanoma metastasis

Front 60

Bleeding time in Hemophilia

Back 60

NORMAL (only assesses platelets)

Front 61

Bleeding umbilical stump with NORMAL PT/PTT. Dx?

Back 61

Factor XIII deficiency

Front 62

Brain tumor that can develop with tuberous sclerosis

Back 62

Giant cell astrocytoma

Front 63

Brain tumor with psammoma bodies

Back 63

Meningioma

Front 64

Branch angle of mucormycosis

Back 64

90 degrees

Front 65

Broad spectrum abx good for sickle cell crisis

Back 65

Ceftriaxone

Front 66

Bruton's pt's are susceptible to what types of infections

Back 66

Routine extracellular bacteria (can still kill intracellular, viruses, fungi)

Front 67

CAG repeats in Huntington's only get longer when inherited from?

Back 67

The father

Front 68

Calcium dependent clotting factors

Back 68

II, VII, IX, X, protein C (notice the same ones that require Vit K)

Front 69

Cancer at risk in ALL autoimmune diseases

Back 69

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 70

Cancer with decreased risk in polycystic ovaries

Back 70

Ovarian

Front 71

Candle wax dripping appearance on surface of ventricle. Dx?

Back 71

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 72

Carcinoid tumor site with better prognosis. Why?

Back 72

Tip of appendix. Will present with appendicitis before it gets a chance to spread

Front 73

Cardiac problems in scleroderma

Back 73

Restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia (fibrosis doesn't conduct)

Front 74

Cardiomyopathy seen rarely following pregnancy

Back 74

Dilated

Front 75

Cause and dx for "flame cells" in bone marrow biopsy

Back 75

Filled with IgA; Multiple myeloma

Front 76

Cause and dx for "Mott cells" in bone marrow biopsy

Back 76

Filled with Russel bodies (excess IgG); Multiple myeloma

Front 77

Cause of aortic stenosis in young child

Back 77

Rheymatic fever

Front 78

Cause of aplatic anemia occuring in sickle cell

Back 78

Parvovirus B19

Front 79

Cause of death in scleroderma

Back 79

Restrictive lung disease

Front 80

Cause of death in untreated preductal coarctation

Back 80

Right sided CHF or CVA

Front 81

Cause of exudate

Back 81

Inflammation

Front 82

Cause of hairy leukoplakia

Back 82

HIV + EBV

Front 83

Cause of stroke in CML

Back 83

Leukostasis

Front 84

Cause of subaortic stenosis

Back 84

HOCM

Front 85

Cause of sudden death in HOCM

Back 85

Microscopic MI (pt doesn't feel it) leads to fibrosis and re-entry arrhythmia

Front 86

Cause of thymine dimers

Back 86

DNA damage from sunlight

Front 87

Causes of death in Fabry's

Back 87

Renal failure, MI

Front 88

Causes the translocation in Burkitt lymphoma

Back 88

EBV

Front 89

CBC in all T-babies will show?

Back 89

Polycythemia

Front 90

CD markers for Mantle Cell and CLL

Back 90

Both have 5, 19, 20. CLL also has 23 (last number fell off the mantle)

Front 91

CD20 monoclonal antibody useful for any B-cell tumor

Back 91

Rituximab

Front 92

CD4 count for pneumocystitis

Back 92

Under 200

Front 93

Cells that store vitamin A

Back 93

Ito (aka stellate) cells

Front 94

Cellular source of cystadenoma/carcinoma

Back 94

Surface epithelium

Front 95

Centrilobular liver zone

Back 95

Zone 3

Front 96

Charcot-Leyden crystals result from breakdown of?

Back 96

Eosinophils

Front 97

Child who can't stand light, has aniridia. Look for?

Back 97

Wilms tumor

Front 98

Child with hemarthrosis, PT prolonged, PTT normal. Dx?

Back 98

Factor 7 deficiency (7 is the only factor in PT but not PTT)

Front 99

Christmas disease is another name for?

Back 99

Hemophilia B

Front 100

Chromosome and trinucleotide repeat for Huntington's

Back 100

Chromosome 4; CAG

Front 101

Chromosome for APC

Back 101

5 (think five letters in colon)

Front 102

Chromosome for Ig heavy chain (IgH)

Back 102

Fourteen

Front 103

Chromosome for p53

Back 103

Chromosome 17

Front 104

Chromosome for sickle cell

Back 104

11th

Front 105

Chromosome of NF-1 and 2

Back 105

1 = chromosome 17, 2 = chromosome 22

Front 106

Chromsome for Wilms tumor gene

Back 106

11 - think World Trade (WT) = 9/11

Front 107

Chronic inflammation turn into malignancy. Likely Dx?

Back 107

Marginal zone lymphoma/MALToma

Front 108

Chronic ITP can be the first sign of what immune disorder?

Back 108

SLE

Front 109

Class of SLE with diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and wire loops

Back 109

Class IV

Front 110

Classic history scenarios for vitamin A toxicity

Back 110

Papilledema/headache in hunter or cannibal

Front 111

Clotting factors affected by heparin

Back 111

12-11-9-10-2

Front 112

Clotting factors requiring vitamin K

Back 112

II, VII, IX, X, protein C

Front 113

Clotting step defective in vWF deficiency

Back 113

Platelet adhesion

Front 114

Collagen type for wound healing

Back 114

Type III

Front 115

Collagen type found heavily in granulation and fetal tissue

Back 115

Type III

Front 116

Collagen type in keloid

Back 116

Type III

Front 117

Color of liver with iron buildup

Back 117

Very dark brown

Front 118

Color of nutmeg liver

Back 118

Alternating light and brown

Front 119

Common medication that increases overall clotting factor synthesis

Back 119

Oral contraceptives

Front 120

Condition at risk after strep bovis infection

Back 120

Colon cancer

Front 121

Condition with excision endonuclease deficiency

Back 121

Xeroderma pigmentosa

Front 122

Conditions predisposing to mitral valve prolapse

Back 122

Any connective tissue disease (Marfan's, Ehler Danlos, etc)

Front 123

Confirmatory test for DIC

Back 123

D-dimer

Front 124

Confirmatory test for DVT

Back 124

Doppler ultrasound

Front 125

Congenital defect sometimes seen in WT-1 deletion. Why?

Back 125

No iris (aniridia); Due to deletion of nearby PAX-6

Front 126

Consequence of anti-SSA's in a baby

Back 126

3rd degree heart block

Front 127

CREST mnemonic

Back 127

Calcinosis (dystrophic calcification),
Raynaud's phenomenon,
Esophageal dismotility,
Sclerodactylyl,
Telangiectasia

Front 128

Culture for haemophilus ducreyi

Back 128

Chocolate agar

Front 129

Cytochrome C activates _________, which in turn activates caspases

Back 129

APAF-1

Front 130

Cytokine helper T-cells use for self-stimulation

Back 130

IL-2

Front 131

Darker pigmented person has melanoma. Where is it most likely to be found?

Back 131

Palm, sole, or nails

Front 132

Dead pink cell, retains shape, but lacks nuclei. What happened?

Back 132

Coagulative necrosis

Front 133

Deep and delayed bleeding: platelet or factor problem

Back 133

Factor

Front 134

Define "T-baby"

Back 134

Has a right to left shunt (tetralogy, transposition, truncus, tricuspid atresia)

Front 135

Definition and outward appearance of holoprosencephaly

Back 135

Only one hemisphere; Will be a cyclops

Front 136

Deposited in restrictive cardiomyopathy

Back 136

Amyloid

Front 137

Descresendo following S2, without opening snap

Back 137

Aortic regurgitation

Front 138

Describe pseudotumor cerebri

Back 138

Increased intracranial pressure causes papilledema/headache, giving the clinical appearance of a tumor

Front 139

Describe VSD murmur

Back 139

Holosystolic, loud, harsh, rumbling

Front 140

Development error in tetralogy

Back 140

Neural crest cells migrate in but misalign (septum not formed in the middle)

Front 141

Development error in transposition

Back 141

Neural crest cells form septum but DON'T spiral

Front 142

Development error in truncus arteriosis

Back 142

Neural crest cells fail to migrate in, no septum formed

Front 143

Diagnostic triad for Wilson's

Back 143

Ceruloplasmin low, urinary copper high, liver copper high

Front 144

Diagnostic triad of tuberous sclerosis

Back 144

New onset seizures, delayed retardation, angiofibroma on face

Front 145

DIC mnemonic

Back 145

DIC = Delivery problem, Infections (gram-neg), Cancer

Front 146

Difference between active and passive hyperemia

Back 146

Active requires vasodilation, passive is from decreased venous outflow

Front 147

Difference between granuloma and caseating granuloma

Back 147

Caseating has central necrosis

Front 148

Difference between homozygous and heterzygous for CCR5

Back 148

Homozygotes won't even contract HIV, heterozygotes contract it but have slow progression

Front 149

Difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor

Back 149

Marasmus is generalized starvation, kwashiorkor is protein deficiency

Front 150

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis: nephritic or nephrotic

Back 150

Nephritic

Front 151

DiGeorge's pt's are susceptible to what types of infections?

Back 151

Intracellular ones (often recurrent viral/fungal). Can kill routine extracellular

Front 152

Disease if you are missing MLH/MSH

Back 152

Lynch syndrome

Front 153

Disease usually underlying American Burkitt's

Back 153

AIDS

Front 154

Disease with loss of RANK receptor gene

Back 154

Osteopetrosis

Front 155

Disease with multiple hamartomas throughout the body

Back 155

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 156

DNA mistmatch repair genes

Back 156

MLH, MSH

Front 157

DOC for CML and it's MOA

Back 157

Imatinib (brand name Gleevac); blocks ATP binding site of tyrosine kinase receptor, stopping tumor growth

Front 158

Downside of using pig valves

Back 158

Requires replacement every 10-15 years due to degeneration

Front 159

Drug class with anemia in G6PD deficient patients

Back 159

Sulfa drugs

Front 160

Drug for multiple myeloma and its contraindication

Back 160

Thalidomide; Contraindicated in pregnancy

Front 161

Drug given to decrease crisis frequency in sickle cell. Why does it help?

Back 161

Hydroxyurea; It increases fetal hemoglobin

Front 162

Drug name for PGE used to keep PDA open

Back 162

Alprostadil

Front 163

Drug to improve symptoms in carcinoid tumor prior to resection

Back 163

Octreotide

Front 164

Drug which can stimulate blood vessels to make more vWF

Back 164

Desmopressin

Front 165

Dry beriberi is another name for?

Back 165

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Front 166

Dx and description for Aschoff body

Back 166

Acute rheumatic fever; Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by macrophages

Front 167

Dx when platelet count, PT, PTT, all factors, and bleeding time are all shitty

Back 167

DIC

Front 168

Dx's for anti-SSA (aka anti-Ro)

Back 168

SLE, Sjogren's

Front 169

Dystrophic calcification only occurs with?

Back 169

Dead tissue

Front 170

Easiest way to segregate apoptosis from necrosis on histology slide

Back 170

Apoptosis is single cells spread out, necrosis will be a lot of cells close together

Front 171

Easiest way to tell Wernicke and Korsakoff apart

Back 171

Wernicke = acute, Korsakoff = chronic

Front 172

Effect of increased venus return (squat, lay down, lift legs) on aortic stenosis murmur

Back 172

Increased

Front 173

Effect of valsalva maneuver on venous return

Back 173

Decreased

Front 174

Eisenmerger's in adulthood. Likely dx?

Back 174

ASD

Front 175

EKG abnormality in HOCM

Back 175

Left axis deviation

Front 176

Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma

Back 176

Tall spikes at both positive and negative ends

Front 177

Elevates first and higher in cirrhosis: PT or PTT?

Back 177

PT

Front 178

Embryonic structures not developing in DiGeorge

Back 178

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

Front 179

Enables EBV to enter B-cell

Back 179

CD21 (you have to be 21 to enter the "B"ar)

Front 180

End stage of diabetic nephropathy

Back 180

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Front 181

Enzyme deficient in Fabry's

Back 181

Alpha-galactosidase A

Front 182

Enzyme that cross-links collagen and its cofactor

Back 182

Lysyl oxidase; Copper

Front 183

Every disease with granulomas has what type of hypersensitivity?

Back 183

Type IV

Front 184

Every T-baby should receive what med?

Back 184

Alprostadil

Front 185

Every virus that starts with R is ?

Back 185

an RNA virus

Front 186

Explain the paradox: patient has thrombosis, is NOT currently bleeding, but lab says PTT is prolonged

Back 186

Pt has anti-phospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant). Causes endothelial damage leading to thrombosis and FALSELY elevates PTT results

Front 187

Explain the varying presentations of granulosa cell tumors with different ages.

Back 187

Excess estrogen, so depends where you are in reproductive life. Kid = precocious puberty, Young adult = irregular cycles, Older adult = postmenopausal bleeding

Front 188

Eye tumor + polycythemia. Likely dx?

Back 188

Hemangioblastoma (vHL disease)

Front 189

Facial abnormality in DiGeorge

Back 189

Cleft lip

Front 190

Factors common to PT & PTT

Back 190

10-5-2-1

Front 191

Factors for hemophilia A & B

Back 191

A = VIII, B = IX

Front 192

Factors in order for PT

Back 192

7-10-5-2-1

Front 193

Factors in order for PTT

Back 193

12-11-9-8-10-5-2-1

Front 194

Fast twitch: type I or II fibers?

Back 194

Type II

Front 195

Final caspase activated

Back 195

#3

Front 196

Final step in diagnosing ITP

Back 196

Bone marrow biopsy (diagnosis of exclusion, must rule out production problems)

Front 197

First caspase activated

Back 197

#9

Front 198

First factor to run out in Vit K deficiency

Back 198

VII

Front 199

First sign of diabetic nephropathy. Why does it occur?

Back 199

Microalbinuria. BM thickening leads to loss of negative charge

Front 200

First step in dx for VSD

Back 200

Echocardiogram

Front 201

Fixed S2 splitting at upper sternal border is a giveaway for?

Back 201

ASD

Front 202

Flexible/pliable collagen type

Back 202

Type III

Front 203

Forms the "stars" in the starry sky of Burkitt's

Back 203

Macrophages consuming tumor cells (makes clear spaces)

Front 204

Four "buzzword" lesions that should make you pick tuberous sclerosis

Back 204

Cardiac rhabdomyoma, Renal angiomyolipoma, Shagreen's patch, Ash Leaf patch

Front 205

Four clues for hydatidiform mole

Back 205

Uterus growing too rapidly, hCG too high, grapes in vagina, chocolate cysts of ovaries

Front 206

Four triggers for sickle cell crisis

Back 206

Hypoxia, acidosis, dehydration, infection

Front 207

Funciton of BRCA 1 & 2

Back 207

Repair DNA damage

Front 208

Function of BCL-1

Back 208

Causes production of Cyclin D1

Front 209

Function of CD3

Back 209

Signal transduction in all T-cells

Front 210

Function of gp120 in HIV

Back 210

Adhesion

Front 211

Function of gp41 in HIV

Back 211

Fusion and entry

Front 212

Function of myc

Back 212

Transcription factor

Front 213

Function of RET

Back 213

Growth receptor (tyrosine kinase)

Front 214

Gardner syndrome gene

Back 214

APC-5

Front 215

Gene abnormal in Wilson's

Back 215

ATP7B gene

Front 216

Gene fusion in Philadelphia chromosome

Back 216

Bcr-Abl

Front 217

Gene knocked out in 10% of Hirschsprung's

Back 217

RET

Front 218

Gene mutation in hemangioblastoma

Back 218

vHL

Front 219

Gene regulating G1/S checkpoint

Back 219

RB

Front 220

Gene responsible for organizing developing brain into two hemispheres

Back 220

Sonic Hedgehog

Front 221

Gene, position, substitution in sickle cell

Back 221

Beta-globin, 6th position, Glutamic acid --> Valine

Front 222

General rule for a tumor that is yellow

Back 222

It's either made of fat or is producing steroid hormones

Front 223

General rule for age versus prognosis in ovarian cancer

Back 223

Younger = better, Older = worse

Front 224

General rule for CD numbers of B cells

Back 224

Anything around 20

Front 225

General rule for transudate causes

Back 225

Think Starling's forces (high hydrostatic or low osmotic pressure)

Front 226

Genes combined in follicular lymphoma

Back 226

Ig heavy chain + Bcl-2

Front 227

Genetic disorder seen with trunus arteriosis

Back 227

DiGeorge (George of the Junge swings into a trunk)

Front 228

Genome of complete hydatidiform mole

Back 228

46 chromosomes, all dad

Front 229

Genome of partial hydatidiform mole

Back 229

69 chromosomes (2 copies from dad, 1 from mom)

Front 230

Give for anticoagulation in heparin induced thrombocytopenia patient

Back 230

Thrombin inhibitor (can't switch to warfarin)

Front 231

Give to prevent MI in child with Kawasaki's

Back 231

Aspirin (benefit outweighs risk)

Front 232

Good foods for vitamin A

Back 232

Leafy greens, liver

Front 233

Green liver = ?

Back 233

Bilirubin build up

Front 234

Group currently contracting HIV at highest rates

Back 234

Heterosexual teenage females

Front 235

Has Eisenmerger's earlier: VSD or ASD? Why?

Back 235

VSD - larger pressure differential between ventricles

Front 236

Heart defects in DiGeorge

Back 236

Mostly commonly tetralogy, also truncus

Front 237

Hereditary Lynch syndrome cancers

Back 237

Colon, endometrial, ovarian (Think Merril Lynch = CEO)

Front 238

Herpes - single/double, DNA/RNA?

Back 238

Double DNA

Front 239

High protein content: transudate or exudate?

Back 239

Exudate

Front 240

Higher hCG - complete or partial hydatidiform?

Back 240

Complete

Front 241

HIT, if occurs, happens how long after initiating heparin therapy?

Back 241

About a week

Front 242

How hemangioblastomas often present

Back 242

Polycythemia (due to EPO production)

Front 243

How heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) occurs

Back 243

Heparin binds to platelet factor 4, an IgG antibody is made which activates it

Front 244

How to confirm dx for primary syphilis

Back 244

Scrape and do dark field microscopy

Front 245

How to differentiate cystadenoma from cystadenocarcinoma based on appearance

Back 245

Adenoma = smooth surface, Adenocarcinoma = bumpy surface

Front 246

How to dx heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Back 246

Factor 4 ELISA

Front 247

How to easily recognize transposition

Back 247

Ventricular pressures normal, but switched

Front 248

How to segregate African from American Burkitt's

Back 248

Age and location. African = kids, found in jaw. American = adult, usually abdomen

Front 249

Hydatidiform mole with fetal tissue

Back 249

Partial

Front 250

Hypersensitivity with poison ivy/oak

Back 250

Type IV

Front 251

If hx suggests platelet problem, but count is normal, what's the next test to order?

Back 251

Bleeding time/PFA-100 (checking platelt quality)

Front 252

If p53 remains elevated after DNA damage, what gets turned on?

Back 252

Bax

Front 253

If they ask you where a certain collagen is found, and you don't know, what should you guess?

Back 253

Skin (it has several different ones)

Front 254

Illicit drug causing dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 254

Cocaine

Front 255

Imaging for pulmonary embolism

Back 255

Spiral CT

Front 256

Immune defect in Bruton's

Back 256

Can't mature B-cells, so no plasma cells/antibodies/opsonization

Front 257

Immunoglobulin implanted on mast cells surface during first exposure prior to type I hypersensitivity

Back 257

IgG

Front 258

Immunoglobulins for type II and III hypersensitivity

Back 258

Can be IgG or IgM

Front 259

Important vaccines in sickle cell

Back 259

Pneumococcal, HIB, Mengiococcal (if boards make you pick one, pneumococcal is most important)

Front 260

Indication that mitral valve prolapse patient requires amoxicillin at the dentist

Back 260

Mid-systolic click followed by regurg blowing

Front 261

Inheritence of hemophilia A & B

Back 261

X-linked

Front 262

Initial presentation of mucormycosis

Back 262

Sinusitis

Front 263

Initial sign of cell injury

Back 263

Swelling

Front 264

INR: equivalent to PT or PTT?

Back 264

PT

Front 265

Irreversible step of apoptosis

Back 265

Release of Cytochrome C from mitochrondira

Front 266

Key disease associated with cardiac rhabdomyoma

Back 266

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 267

Kid with ITP: Likely acute or chronic?

Back 267

Acute (will self resolve)

Front 268

Kidney lesion in class V lupus

Back 268

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 269

Leukemia with DIC

Back 269

Acute promyelocytic (M3 AML)

Front 270

Leukemia with massive splenectomy, many neutrophils, huge left shift

Back 270

CML

Front 271

LH, FSH levels in polycystic ovaries

Back 271

LH increased, FSH decreased

Front 272

Ligand for HER2-neu receptor

Back 272

Erb-B2

Front 273

Likely dx with holoprosencephaly

Back 273

Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)

Front 274

Likely in hx of a non-AIDS pt with cryptococcus

Back 274

Pigeon feces exposure (homeless, statue cleaner)

Front 275

Liquefactive necrosis sites

Back 275

Brain, abscess, pancreas

Front 276

Liver disease where AST is much higher than ALT

Back 276

Alcoholic hepatitis

Front 277

Local scleroderma most common localizes to what two areas?

Back 277

Hands and face

Front 278

Located between the metaphysis and epiphysis

Back 278

Growth plate

Front 279

Location of coarctation with Turner's

Back 279

Preductal

Front 280

Location of deletion in DiGeorge

Back 280

22q11

Front 281

Location of Kayser-Fleischer ring

Back 281

Descemet membrane

Front 282

Location of myxoma

Back 282

Fossa ovalis (left atrium)

Front 283

Location of nuclei in skeletal muscle

Back 283

Peripheral

Front 284

Location of type X cartilage

Back 284

Children's growth plates (a girl who's a perfect ten makes me grow)

Front 285

Look for this in bone marrow biopsy to signify plasma cells

Back 285

Perinuclear halo

Front 286

Loud opening snap indicates what type of murmur?

Back 286

Any stenosis

Front 287

Low protien content, mostly water: transudate or exudate?

Back 287

Transudate

Front 288

Lymph nodes show NO germinal center. Dx?

Back 288

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's agammaglobulinemia)

Front 289

Lymphoma with very slow onset, very slow growth, impossible to kill the tumor cells

Back 289

Follicular

Front 290

Lysosomal storage disease with alpha-galactosidase A deficiency

Back 290

Fabry's disease

Front 291

Main thing staining pink on H&E

Back 291

Protein

Front 292

Major tip off that the lung is the primary site for carcinoid tumor

Back 292

Fibrosis in left side of heart instead of right

Front 293

Make up of Bence Jones proteins

Back 293

Kappa or lambda light chains

Front 294

Makeup of lipofuschin

Back 294

Peroxidize lipid in lysosomes

Front 295

Male with just an increased PTT (normal bleed time, PT). Dx?

Back 295

Hemophilia A or B

Front 296

Malignancy potential of teratoma

Back 296

Only 1% in women, usually malignant in men

Front 297

Marker for ALL neural crest cell tumors (such as melanoma or pheochromocytoma)

Back 297

S100

Front 298

Mass effect symptoms of cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma

Back 298

Urinary frequency, constipation

Front 299

Mechanism of huge liver in kwashiorkor

Back 299

You make excessive VLDL, but can't get it out of the liver (lacking apo-lipoprotein)

Front 300

Membranous glomerulonephritis: nephritic or nephrotic

Back 300

Nephrotic

Front 301

Memory clue for Burkitt's

Back 301

Come C Myc Jagger at 8:14 under the starry sky at Epstein's bar, but you won't see any cleavage if you're small

Front 302

Memory clue for complete hydatidiform mole

Back 302

Completely dad,
Completely placental (no fetal tissue),
Completely bad (choriocarcinoma),
Completely normal (chromosome count)

Front 303

Memory clue for mantle cell

Back 303

11 year old (chromosome 11) gets their first bike (BCL-1), becomes a cycling dude (Cyclin D), crashes into mantle, and knocks over Dad's picture of Michael Jordan (no CD23)

Front 304

Memory clue for type I vs II skeletal muscle fibers

Back 304

I is standing at attention (postural), II is for the two arms of a boxer

Front 305

Microscopic slide is mostly pink with giant cells and central necrosis. What is it?

Back 305

Caseating granuloma

Front 306

Missing enzyme in neutrophils of CML

Back 306

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Front 307

Mitral regurg murmur radiates to?

Back 307

Axilla

Front 308

Mnemonic for Aspergillus

Back 308

All A's:
Acute angle,
Amphotericin B if disseminated
Alfatoxin
Asgergilloma in the lung
Allergic anaphylaxis is possible

Front 309

Mnemonic for imatinib

Back 309

Space it out: I'm A T inhibitor (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

Front 310

Mnemonic for lesions in carcinoid heart disease

Back 310

TIPS (Tricuspid insufficiency, Pulmonary stenosis)

Front 311

Mnemonic for Stein-Leventhal

Back 311

Jewish doctors from OHIO (Oligomenorrhea, Hirsutism, Infertility, Obesity)

Front 312

Mnemonic for tetralogy

Back 312

PROVe you know it (Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, Overiding aorta, VSD)

Front 313

Mnemonic for tumors with RET mutation

Back 313

Remember Endocrine Tumors - Medullary thyroid, MEN 2a/2b, pheochromocytomas

Front 314

MOA of apoptosis protection in BCL-2

Back 314

Plugs up bax channels

Front 315

MOA of lepirudin

Back 315

Thrombin inhibitor

Front 316

Monoclonal antibody for HER2-neu

Back 316

Trastuzumab (brand name Herceptin)

Front 317

More sensitive for vit K deficiency: PT or PTT?

Back 317

PT (both elevated, but PT does first)

Front 318

Most aggressive germ cell tumor

Back 318

Choriocarcinoma

Front 319

Most common cause of concentric hypertrophy

Back 319

HTN

Front 320

Most common cause of familial bleeding

Back 320

vWF deficiency

Front 321

Most common cause of increased afterload

Back 321

HTN

Front 322

Most common drug-induced lupus

Back 322

Hydralazine

Front 323

Most common location for cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis

Back 323

Paraventricular

Front 324

Most common necrosis in hypoxic cells? Why?

Back 324

Coagulative. Dropping pH (lactic acid) --> Denaturing proteins --> Coagulation

Front 325

Most common type IV hypersensitivity

Back 325

Contact dermatitis (nickel, poison ivy, PPD test)

Front 326

Most common valve affected in Liebman-Sacks

Back 326

Mitral

Front 327

Most commonly mutated gene in HOCM

Back 327

Beta myosin heavy chain

Front 328

Most congested liver lobule zone in CHF

Back 328

Zone 3

Front 329

Most important prognostic factor for Burkitt's

Back 329

AIDS. 80% cure rate without, likely dead with

Front 330

Most lethal ovarian tumor

Back 330

Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma

Front 331

Most like systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur

Back 331

Aortic stenosis

Front 332

Most likely dx for young girl with ovarian tumor

Back 332

Teratoma

Front 333

Most RNA viruses are single or double stranded?

Back 333

Single

Front 334

Most sensititive antibody for SLE

Back 334

ANA

Front 335

Most sensitive marker for MI

Back 335

Myoglobin (very small, leaks out first)

Front 336

Most sensitive test for HIV

Back 336

ELISA

Front 337

Most specific antibody for SLE

Back 337

ds-DNA

Front 338

Most specific marker for MI

Back 338

Troponin

Front 339

Most specific test for HIV

Back 339

Western blot

Front 340

Most specific test for syphilis, use in anti-phospholipis antibody syndrome

Back 340

Flourescent treponemal antibody (FTA)

Front 341

Murmur of HOCM mimics?

Back 341

Aortic stenosis

Front 342

Murmur with bounding water hammer pulses, wide pulse pressure, pulsating uvula and iris

Back 342

Aortic regurgitation

Front 343

Name for activated factor 1

Back 343

Fibrin

Front 344

Name for CAG repeats getting longer with each generation

Back 344

Anticipation

Front 345

Name for dermal hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis

Back 345

Shagreen's patches

Front 346

Name for hypertrophic growth beyond the margins of a wound

Back 346

Keloid

Front 347

Name for when celiac is found more distal than duodenum and jejunum

Back 347

Tropical sprue

Front 348

Name of the "lupus anticoagulant"

Back 348

Anti-phospholipid antibody

Front 349

Necessary in preductal coarctation to get blood to LE

Back 349

PDA

Front 350

Necessary step in intiating warfarin therapy. Why?

Back 350

Start with heparin, then switch. Initial warfarin alone causes skin necrosis

Front 351

Necrosis type in histology of rheumatoid nodules

Back 351

Fibrinoid necrosis

Front 352

Negri bodies in brain. Dx?

Back 352

Rabies

Front 353

Next test that should be ordered when alkaline phosphatase is elelvated

Back 353

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (separate bone from liver)

Front 354

Normal aorta pressure

Back 354

80-120

Front 355

Normal appearnce of albumin and IgG in electrophoresis

Back 355

Albumin - Tall narrow bump at positive end. IgG - wide short bump toward negative end

Front 356

Normal CD4 counts

Back 356

700-1500

Front 357

Normal liver color

Back 357

Red/brown

Front 358

Normal pulmonary artery pressure

Back 358

15-25

Front 359

On the boards, most likely dx for increased bleeding time w/normal platelet count

Back 359

von Willibrands

Front 360

Only cardiomyopathy that is a systolic dysfunction

Back 360

Dilated

Front 361

Only chance for for curing melanoma

Back 361

Wide local incision (INF-alpha slightly effective)

Front 362

ONLY CHD with pulselessness in LE

Back 362

Coarctation

Front 363

Only clotting factor NOT made in liver. Where is it made?

Back 363

VIII - made in endothelial cells

Front 364

Only factor NOT assessed by ordering PT/PTT

Back 364

XIII (because it's after fibrin)

Front 365

Only murmur heard in both systole and diastole

Back 365

PDA

Front 366

Only problems in SLE caused by type II hypersensitivity

Back 366

Blood disorders (i.e. anemia)

Front 367

ONLY single stranded DNA virus

Back 367

Parvovirus B19

Front 368

Only two platelet adhesion problems on boards. Which is more common?

Back 368

vWF deficiency, Bernad-Soullier. vWF more common by far

Front 369

Opening snap then decrescendo (NO crescendo). Dx?

Back 369

Mitral stenosis

Front 370

Organism for chancre with inguinal node involvement

Back 370

H. Ducreyi

Front 371

Origin of neuroblastoma cells

Back 371

Neural crest

Front 372

Other factor deficient in vWF deficiency. Why?

Back 372

VIII; vWF normally binds to it and protects it from degredation

Front 373

Ovarian mass with cholexner is a buzz phrase for?

Back 373

Granulosa cell tumor

Front 374

Ovarian tumor with psammoma bodies

Back 374

Malignant papillary cystadenocarcinoma

Front 375

p53 enhances the activity of what tumor supressor gene?

Back 375

Rb

Front 376

Painful penis lesion without travel hx. Likely dx?

Back 376

HSV

Front 377

Part of brain atrophied and symptoms in Wilson's disease

Back 377

Basal ganglia; Parkinson-like tremmor

Front 378

Patient with ulcerative colitis gets sepsis and dies. What happened?

Back 378

Toxic megacolon

Front 379

Pattern of ASD murmur

Back 379

Crescendo/decrescendo

Front 380

Penile symptom seen in sickle cell crisis

Back 380

Praipism

Front 381

Petechiae: platelet or clotting factor problem

Back 381

Platelet

Front 382

Place for type II collagen

Back 382

Vitreous humor (you have TWO eyes), cartilage

Front 383

Places for type III collagen in unwounded adult

Back 383

Uterus, GI tract, elastic arteries (think things that have to stretch)

Front 384

Pollipoid, fungating mass in left atrium. Dx?

Back 384

Myxoma

Front 385

Portion of IgG for opsonization

Back 385

Fc portion

Front 386

Precipitates bouts of psoriasis

Back 386

Stress

Front 387

Pregnant patient has grapes in vagina. Next diagnostic step?

Back 387

Karyotype

Front 388

Presentation of HUS

Back 388

Kid with thrombocytopenia and kidney failure

Front 389

Presentation of struma ovarii

Back 389

Hyperthyroidism without a goiter

Front 390

Presenting symptom of HIV related encephalitis

Back 390

Dementia

Front 391

Presenting symptom of myxoma. Why?

Back 391

Syncope. Due to "ball and valve" effect. Tumor is sucked down and blocks mitral valve

Front 392

Presents like Grave's disease, but has no goiter or exopthalmos. Check for?

Back 392

Struma ovarii (teratoma)

Front 393

Prion in mad cow disease

Back 393

Jacob-Creutzfeldt

Front 394

Products of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Back 394

Thymus, inferior parathyroids

Front 395

Products of 4th pharyngeal pouch

Back 395

Parafollicular C cells, inferior parathyroids

Front 396

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus) presents clinically like what disease?

Back 396

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 397

Psammoma bodies in thyroid

Back 397

Papillary carcinoma

Front 398

Pt comes in for standard labs, total protein is increased but albumin is normal. Check for?

Back 398

Multiple myeloma

Front 399

Pt has Vit K deficiency and is currently bleeding. Tx?

Back 399

FFP (vit K requires time to take effect)

Front 400

Pt reports bleeding from mucous membranes, nosebleeds, heavy periods: Platelet or factor problem?

Back 400

Platelet

Front 401

Pt with high d-dimer, currently bleeding out. Dx?

Back 401

DIC

Front 402

Pysical finding surprisingly absent in ITP

Back 402

There is NO splenomegaly

Front 403

Rash moving from distal to central. Dx?

Back 403

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Front 404

Rat poison causes factor deficiency by mimicking what drug?

Back 404

Warfarin

Front 405

Reason Bruton's patients are asymptomatic until at least 6 months

Back 405

Protected until Mom's antibodies run out

Front 406

Reason congenital vit K deficiency doesn't present until after a week old

Back 406

Babies given vit K shot at birth

Front 407

Reason for activation of fibroblasts in scleroderma

Back 407

Lymphocytes excessively release PDGF (IL-1 contributes as well)

Front 408

Reason for analgesics in sickle cell crisis

Back 408

Loss of pain prevents sympathetic constriction

Front 409

Reason for black pigment on outside of lungs

Back 409

Smoker or lives in a big city

Front 410

Reason for butterfly rash in SLE

Back 410

Sunlight activates immune complexes stuck in skin

Front 411

Reason for increased pneumonia incidence and chronic bronchitis in smokers

Back 411

Metaplasia causes a lack of cilia

Front 412

Reason for large septum in HOCM

Back 412

Myofibers disorganized - don't line up properly so they take up more space

Front 413

Reason for night sweats in granulomatous disease, TB

Back 413

Macrophages release IL-1, TNF-alpha

Front 414

Reason for overactive Erb-B2 in some breast cancers

Back 414

Amplificaiton (more than two copies of gene)

Front 415

Reason for platelet destruction in ITP

Back 415

Spleen coats them with antibodies, then consumes them

Front 416

Reason for punched out lytic lesions in multiple myeloma

Back 416

Plasma cells activate osteoclasts with IL-6 (and to a lesser extend IL-1)

Front 417

Reason HHV-8 causes Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 417

Makes cells overproduce VEGF

Front 418

Reason liver enzymes are NOT that high in cirrhosis

Back 418

Liver is fibrotic…damage is already done and over

Front 419

Reason squatting will improve symptoms in kid with tetralogy

Back 419

Increased afterload temporarily reverses shunt

Front 420

Reason Turner's patients are short

Back 420

Loss of ShOX gene (turn it upside down, looks like XO45)

Front 421

Reason vitamin K is required for syntehsis of some clotting factors

Back 421

Gamma carboxylation (enables them to bind calcium)

Front 422

Reason woman may present with hemophilia A

Back 422

Manifesting heterozygote (skewed lionization)

Front 423

Reason you would get liquefactive instead of coagulative necrosis

Back 423

The presence of enzymes to breakdown dead cells

Front 424

Reasons to think of Fabio for Fabry's disease

Back 424

Male (x-linked), neuropathy in hands while working out

Front 425

Released from helpter T-cells to strongly stimulate macrophages

Back 425

IFN-gamma

Front 426

Repairs DNA damage from sunlight

Back 426

Excision endonuclease

Front 427

Required if you have a metal prosthetic valve?

Back 427

Anti-coagulative therapy for life

Front 428

Restrictive cardiomyopahty: systolic or diastolic dysfunction

Back 428

Diastolic

Front 429

Restrictive cariomyopahty with black heart and elevated ACE. Dx?

Back 429

Sarcoidosis

Front 430

Risk factor for gastric MALToma

Back 430

H. Pyrlori

Front 431

Risk factor for transposition of great vessels

Back 431

Diabetes/hyperglycemia during pregnancy

Front 432

Rules for remember clotting cascade

Back 432

Count down from 12 to 1 in straight line
3, 4, and 6 don't exist
8 and 5 are co-factors, go above the line
Everyone wants to be around a 10 (8, 5, & 7)
7 is lucky, gets a perfect 10 on top of them

Front 433

Scleroderma hits several internal organs, but which are especially affected?

Back 433

GI organs

Front 434

Second most common mutated tumor gene

Back 434

RAS

Front 435

Seen in peripheral smear with multiple myeloma

Back 435

RBC's stuck together

Front 436

Serum marker for malignant ovarian tumors

Back 436

CA-125

Front 437

Signal transduction method for RAS

Back 437

G-protein

Front 438

Signature toxicity of anti-arrhythmics

Back 438

Arrhythmia

Front 439

Signs of severe membrane damage

Back 439

Calcium influx, cytoplasmic enzymes leak out

Front 440

Since they have similar clotting deficiencies, how to segregate cirrhosis from vit K deficiency?

Back 440

Give a vit K shot. If it doesn't help, it's cirrhosis

Front 441

Situation where you have metastatic calcification despite hypocalcemia. Why?

Back 441

Renal failure - due to high phosphate levels

Front 442

Size cutoff for micro/macronodular cirrhosis

Back 442

3 mm

Front 443

Skeletal muscle fiber type which is red/dark. Why?

Back 443

Type I: Lots of iron (due to extra cytochrome/mitochondria)

Front 444

Skin abnormalities in Fabry's

Back 444

No sweating, angiokeratomas around umbilicus

Front 445

Skin lesion with some celiac patients

Back 445

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Front 446

Something besides pancreatitis that can elevate amylase

Back 446

Mumps

Front 447

Sound common to all regurgitation murmurs

Back 447

Blowing

Front 448

Stain for cryptococcus

Back 448

Indian ink (Indian Jones looks for crypts)

Front 449

Stain for iron

Back 449

Prussian blue

Front 450

Stain for neuroblastoma

Back 450

S100

Front 451

Steps of cytotoxic T-cell killing

Back 451

Perforin punches hole in membrane --> Granzyme B enters cell, activates Caspase 3 --> Apoptosis

Front 452

Strongest collagen type

Back 452

Type I

Front 453

Superficial bleeding: platelet or factor problem?

Back 453

Platelet

Front 454

Symptom preceding sudden death in HOCM

Back 454

Syncope

Front 455

Symptoms of Vit A deficiency

Back 455

Squamous metaplasia of hair follicle and sclera (Bitot spots), immunodeficiency, night blindness

Front 456

Synonymous with systolic ejection murmur

Back 456

Crescendo/decrescendo

Front 457

Syphilis stages with positive VRDL

Back 457

Secondary and tertiary ONLY

Front 458

Target organs for CMV in AIDS

Back 458

Kidneys, lungs, brain, adrenals, eyes, GI (particularly esophagus)

Front 459

TB + drug-induced lupus = ?

Back 459

Isoniazid

Front 460

Test for platelet adhesion

Back 460

Ristocetin test

Front 461

Third-spacing is an alternate name for?

Back 461

Edema

Front 462

This virus is RNA, single stranded, negative sense, and bullet shaped

Back 462

Rabies

Front 463

Three causes for thrombocytopenia that you DON'T tx by giving platelets

Back 463

ITP, TTP, hemolytic uremic syndrome

Front 464

Three causes of uterus size too big for gestational age

Back 464

Wrong date of conception, twins, hydatidiform mole

Front 465

Three classic histories for vit K deficiency

Back 465

Broad spectrum abx,
Week old baby with multiple bruises (will try to point you toward child abuse),
Rat poison ingestion

Front 466

Three infections first seen at CD4 count < 100

Back 466

Toxoplasma, cryptococcus, cryptosporidium

Front 467

Three infections first seen at CD4 count < 50

Back 467

CMV, MAC, JC virus

Front 468

Three organs with lipofuschin buildup in aging

Back 468

Brain, heart, lvier

Front 469

Three possible organ problems with Chagas

Back 469

Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, achalasia

Front 470

Three symptoms in carcinoid syndrome

Back 470

Flushing, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction

Front 471

Three things that are small, blue/purple dots on H&E

Back 471

Nuclei, bacteria, calcification

Front 472

Three ways to segreate subaortic stenosis (HOCM) murmur from aortic stenosis

Back 472

Age - HOCM less than 35, aortic stenosis older,
Location - HOCM at tricuspid area, aortic stenosis at aortic area,
Maneuvers - HOCM increased by valsalva and decreased by squat, aortic stenosis reversed

Front 473

Threshold for melanoma thickness that singifies likely metastasis

Back 473

1 mm or more

Front 474

Time during development that CHD's happen

Back 474

3rd-8th weeks (organogenesis)

Front 475

Top two causes of prolonged bleeding time

Back 475

Aspirin, Uremia

Front 476

Translocation and genes for Mantle cell

Back 476

11:14, BCL-1:IgH

Front 477

Triad for congenital Rubella

Back 477

PDA, Cataracts, Nerve deafness

Front 478

Triad for Meigs' syndrome. What is it commonly confused with?

Back 478

Ascites, pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma. It is commonly mistaken for a serous cystadenocarcinoma that has metastasized

Front 479

Trigger for PT pathway

Back 479

Tissue factor (any dead membrane)

Front 480

Tumor for N-myc

Back 480

Neuroblastoma

Front 481

Tumor in a female pseudohermaphrodite

Back 481

Sertoli-leydig cell

Front 482

Tumor of placental trophoblasts

Back 482

Hydatidiform moles

Front 483

Tumor with proliferation of cells just outside the follicle

Back 483

Mantle cell (mantle zone surrounds the follicle)

Front 484

Tumors in Patau's

Back 484

Retinoblastomas, osteogenic sarcomas

Front 485

Tumors in Turner's

Back 485

Gonadoblastomas

Front 486

Two additional defects needed to survive with tricuspid atresia

Back 486

ASD, PDA

Front 487

Two alternate names for HOCM

Back 487

Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Front 488

Two alternative names for acid-fast stain

Back 488

Fite, Ziehl-Neelson

Front 489

Two amino acids that need Vit C as a cofactor for synthesis

Back 489

Lysine, proline

Front 490

Two cancers at increased risk in polycystic ovaries

Back 490

Ductal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma

Front 491

Two clues suggesting TB over MAC in an AIDS pt

Back 491

Niacin producing, positive cord factor (culture required for definitive dx)

Front 492

Two conditions predisposing to thymoma

Back 492

Myasthenia, pure red cell aplasia

Front 493

Two drugs to give for polycystic ovaries

Back 493

Metformin, oral contraceptives

Front 494

Two dx's for expressionless, mask-like face

Back 494

Local scleroderma (CREST), Parkinson's

Front 495

Two dx's for low EKG voltage

Back 495

Restrictive cardiomyopathy, tamponade

Front 496

Two heart defects that will die w/o PDA

Back 496

Transposition, tricuspid atresia

Front 497

Two likely causes of caseous necrosis

Back 497

TB or fungus

Front 498

Two lymphomas with both B and T markers

Back 498

Mantle cell and CLL

Front 499

Two markers for melanoma

Back 499

HMB-45 (human melanoma black!), S100

Front 500

Two most common causes of death in multiple myeloma

Back 500

Infection, renal failure

Front 501

Two most common sites for carcinoid tumor

Back 501

Tip of appendix, terminal ileum

Front 502

Two organisms causing dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 502

Trypanasoma, Cocksackie B

Front 503

Two organisms for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Back 503

Mostly likely E. Coli, could be Shigella

Front 504

Two prognostic factors for neuroblastoma

Back 504

N-myc levels, age (younger is better)

Front 505

Two situations with fibrinoid necrosis

Back 505

Malignant HTN, Acute immune damage (RA, ARF, arteritis, etc)

Front 506

Two tests falsely positive in anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

Back 506

PTT and VRDL

Front 507

Two tumors and chromosome for RB

Back 507

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma; Chromosome 13

Front 508

Two types of sex cord stromal tumors

Back 508

Granulosa cell tumor, sertoli-leydig cell tumor

Front 509

Two usual presenting problems of scleroderma

Back 509

Difficulty swallowing, malabsorption

Front 510

Two vitamin deficiencies with bowlegs and how to segregate them

Back 510

C & D. C will have petechiae, D will not

Front 511

Two ways to meet definition for AIDS

Back 511

CD4 under 200 or have an AIDS defining lesion

Front 512

Tx for blast crisis of CML

Back 512

Leukophoresis

Front 513

Tx for hemophilia

Back 513

Give the missing factor

Front 514

Tx for HOCM

Back 514

Beta blocker + implanted defibrillator

Front 515

Tx for ITP

Back 515

Steroids/immunosuppression

Front 516

Tx for Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 516

IFN-alpha

Front 517

Tx for M3 AML. How does it work?

Back 517

Vitamin A - matures the cells

Front 518

Tx for pseudomembranous colitis if both metronidazole and vanco fail

Back 518

Fecal transplant

Front 519

Tx for Thrombotic thombocytopenic purpura

Back 519

FFP + plasmaphoresis

Front 520

Type of necrosis in dry and wet gangrene

Back 520

Dry = coagulative, Wet = liquefactive

Front 521

Types of infections at risk in sickle cell. Why?

Back 521

Encapsulated organisms, spleen is mostly destroyted

Front 522

Typical in hx for H. Ducreyi

Back 522

Foreign prostitute, traveling businessman/soldier (not common in US)

Front 523

Typical lesions for CD4 count 200-500

Back 523

Oral thrush, Kaposi sarcoma, TB, VZV

Front 524

Typical pt for chronic ITP

Back 524

Healthy female in reproductive years

Front 525

Ultrastructural composition of gap junctions

Back 525

Connexin

Front 526

Umbilical stump doesn't fall off after a month, dx?

Back 526

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CD 18 deficiency)

Front 527

Underlying disease in 60% of Sjorgren's

Back 527

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 528

Until proven otherwise, AIDS meningitis is?

Back 528

Cryptococcus

Front 529

Used for monitor coumadin (warfarin)

Back 529

PT

Front 530

Used to monitor for heparin

Back 530

PTT (PT goes up as well, but PTT first and higher)

Front 531

Used to replace the esophagus after a resection

Back 531

Colon

Front 532

Usual age for cystadenocarcinoma

Back 532

Toward end of reproductive life

Front 533

Usual function of tyrosine kinase receptors

Back 533

Growth receptors

Front 534

Vector for Chagas

Back 534

Reduuvid (kissing bug)

Front 535

Velo cardio facial syndrome is an older name for?

Back 535

DiGeorge

Front 536

Vitamin deficiency and symptoms of Pellagra

Back 536

Niacin; Four D's (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)

Front 537

Vitamin deficiency syndrome in Kwashiorkor? Why?

Back 537

Pellegra - no tryptophan for niacin synthesis

Front 538

Vitamin deficiency with bleeding gums, petechiae, bowlegs

Back 538

Vitamin C

Front 539

Vitamin toxicity with pseudotumor cerebri

Back 539

Vitamin A

Front 540

VRDL are antibodies against?

Back 540

Cardiolipin

Front 541

What is endomyocardial fibroelastosis

Back 541

Rare disease in young children with fibrosis inside heart. They die because heart can't grow

Front 542

What is milk-alkali syndrome?

Back 542

Pt consumes a lot of milk or antacids due to peptic ulcer, gets calcium stones

Front 543

What is Quincke's sign and what does it signify?

Back 543

Alternating reddening/blanching of finger nails. Seen with aortic regurg

Front 544

What is struma ovarii?

Back 544

A teratoma with mostly thyroid tissue

Front 545

When boards say "lower sternal border" what auscultation site are they talking about?

Back 545

Tricuspid

Front 546

Why herpes viruses evade cell mediated immunity

Back 546

They surround themselves with nuclear membrane

Front 547

Widened area just distal of diaphysis

Back 547

Metaphysis

Front 548

With vWF deficiency, boards will try to trick you into what other dx? Explain

Back 548

Hemophilia A. They will tell you factor VIII is decreased. Remember it's decreased in vWF, but absent in hemophilia

Front 549

Worst variety of melanoma and its growth direction

Back 549

Nodular (vertical growing)

Front 550

Yellow liver = ?

Back 550

Fatty change

Front 551

Young age with multiple malignant tumors. Likely dx?

Back 551

Li Fraumeni (absent p53)

Front 552

Young girl in sports gets breast lump. Likely dx?

Back 552

Traumatic nat necrosis