Baptist Rn - Fundamentals Of Nursing

Front 1

Chronic metabolic condition caused by overproduction of growth hormone and characterized by gradual, marked enlargement and elongation of bones of the face, jaw, and extremities.

Back 1

acromegaly

Front 2

Abnormal lung sounds heard with auscultation.

Back 2

adventitious sounds

Front 3

Localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually caused by arteriosclerosis, hypertension, or a congenital weakness in the vessel wall.

Back 3

aneurysm

Front 4

Point at which the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall; best site for auscultation of heart sounds; also called the point of maximal impulse (PMI).

Back 4

apical impulse

Front 5

Thin white ring along the margin of the iris.

Back 5

arcus senilis

Front 6

Common arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the large- and medium-sized arteries.

Back 6

atherosclerosis

Front 7

Wasting or diminution of size or physiological activity of a part of the body caused by disease or other influences.

Back 7

atrophied

Front 8

Malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a papule and enlarges peripherally, developing a central crater that erodes, crusts, and bleeds. Metastasis is rare. Primary cause is excessive exposure to the sun or to x-rays. (skin lesions)

Back 8

basal cell carcinoma

Front 9

Audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis.

Back 9

borborygmi

Front 10

Increase in intensity and clarity of the vocal resonance that may result from an increase in the lung tissue density, such as in the consolidation of pneumonia.

Back 10

bronchophony

Front 11

Abnormal sound or murmur heard while auscultating an organ, gland, or artery.

Back 11

bruit

Front 12

Small open ulcer that drains serous material; found on genitalia, associated with syphilis.

Back 12

chancre

Front 13

Ruby red papules of the skin. (skin lesions)

Back 13

cherry angiomas

Front 14

Inflammation of the gallbladder; may be acute or chronic.

Back 14

cholecystitis

Front 15

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

Back 15

cirrhosis

Front 16

Bulging of the tissues at the nail base due to insufficient oxygenation at the periphery resulting from conditions such as chronic emphysema and congenital heart disease.

Back 16

clubbing

Front 17

Highly contagious eye infection; the crusty drainage that collects on eyelid margins can easily spread from one eye to the other.

Back 17

conjunctivitis

Front 18

Inflammation of skin characterized by itching, redness, and skin lesions. (skin moisture)

Back 18

dermatitis

Front 19

Swelling of a body cavity; may be caused by fluid, gas, or a mass.

Back 19

distention

Front 20

Eversion of the eyelid that exposes the conjunctival membrane and part of the eyeball.

Back 20

ectropion

Front 21

Superficial dermatitis of unknown cause. (skin moisture)

Back 21

eczema

Front 22

Condition in which the eyelid turns inward toward the eye.

Back 22

entropion

Front 23

Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes that is a result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries; sunburn is an example.

Back 23

erythema

Front 24

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs.

Back 24

exophthalmos

Front 25

Abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone.

Back 25

exostosis

Front 26

Device that measures the precise degree of motion in a particular joint and is used mainly in clients who have a suspected reduction in joint movement. The instrument has two flexible arms with a 180-degree protractor in the center.

Back 26

goniometer

Front 27

Inflammatory condition of the liver.

Back 27

hepatitis

Front 28

A woman who has excessive body hair in a masculine distribution caused by heredity, hormonal dysfunction, or medication.

Back 28

hirsutism

Front 29

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

Back 29

hydrocephalus

Front 30

Increased muscle tone.

Back 30

hypertonicity

Front 31

Low muscle tone.

Back 31

hypotonicity

Front 32

Hardened tissue, particularly skin, due to edema, inflammation, or infiltration by a tumor. (skin texture)

Back 32

indurated

Front 33

Skin and its appendages: hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands.

Back 33

integument

Front 34

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera, caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

Back 34

jaundice

Front 35

Exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine.

Back 35

kyphosis

Front 36

Thick, raised, pearly-white patch of precancerous tissue found on the lips, buccal mucosa, penis, or vulva.

Back 36

leukoplakia

Front 37

Increased lumbar curvature.

Back 37

lordosis

Front 38

Group of malignant neoplasms, primarily of the skin, that are composed of melanocytes; common in fair-skinned people having light-colored eyes and in persons who have had a sunburn; any black or brown spot having an irregular border, pigment appearing to radiate beyond that border, or a red, black, and blue coloration observable on close examination.

Back 38

melanoma

Front 39

To spread.

Back 39

metastasize

Front 40

Low-pitched fluttering or humming sound, such as a heart murmur.

Back 40

murmur

Front 41

Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes; the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed.

Back 41

nystagmus

Front 42

Blockage in a canal, vessel, or passage of the body.

Back 42

occlusion

Front 43

Instrument used to illuminate the structures of the eye for the examination of the fundus, which includes the retina, choroid, optic nerve disc, macula, fovea centralis, and retinal vessels.

Back 43

ophthalmoscope

Front 44

Instrument with a special ear speculum used to examine the deeper structures of the external and middle ear.

Back 44

otoscope

Front 45

Referring to the characteristic of any drug or substance that has a harmful effect on the eighth cranial nerve or the organs of hearing and balance.

Back 45

ototoxicity

Front 46

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Back 46

pancreatitis

Front 47

Painless screening test for cervical cancer; specimens of squamous and columnar cells of the cervix are taken.

Back 47

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

Front 48

Inflammation of the peritoneum produced by bacteria or irritating substances introduced into the abdominal cavity by a penetrating wound or perforation of an organ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or the reproductive tract.

Back 48

peritonitis

Front 49

Acronym for pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodative; the acronym is recorded in the physical examination if eye and pupil assessments are normal.

Back 49

PERRLA

Front 50

Tiny purple or red spots that appear on the skin as minute hemorrhages within dermal layers. (skin vascularity)

Back 50

petechiae

Hint 50

May indicate serious blod clotting disorders, drug reactions, or liver disease

Front 51

pigmentation
Organic coloring material, such as melanin, that gives color to the skin.

Back 51

pigmentation

Front 52

Anatomical point along the fourth to fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line where the heartbeat can most easily be palpated through the chest wall.

Back 52

point of maximal impulse (PMI)

Front 53

Abnormal condition of one or both upper eyelids in which the eyelid droops; caused by weakness of the levator muscle or paralysis of the third cranial nerve.

Back 53

ptosis

Front 54

Lateral spinal curvature.

Back 54

scoliosis

Front 55

Slowly developing, localized thickening of the outer layers of the skin as a result of chronic, excessive exposure to the sun; commonly develops in older adults. (skin lesions)

Back 55

senile keratosis

Front 56

Abnormal condition characterized by the constriction or narrowing of an opening or passageway in a body structure.

Back 56

stenosis

Front 57

Brief lapse in consciousness caused by transient cerebral hypoxia.

Back 57

syncope

Front 58

Tremulous vibration of the chest wall during breathing that is palpable on physical examination.

Back 58

tactile fremitus

Front 59

Continuous palpable sensation, like the purring of a cat.

Back 59

thrill

Front 60

Normal resiliency of the skin caused by the outward pressure of the cells and interstitial fluid. (edema or dehydraion diminish it)

Back 60

turgor

Hint 60

to assess for this ...grasp a fold of skin on the back of the forearm or sternal area with the fingertips and release

Front 61

Superficial veins that become dilated, for example, varicose veins on the lag or esophageal varicosities along the surface of the esophagus

Back 61

varicosities

Front 62

Abnormal low-pitched extra heart sound (S3) heard in early diastole.

Back 62

ventricular gallop

Front 63

Vibrations created by sound waves that can be palpated externally.

Back 63

vocal fremitus

Front 64

Transmission of a whisper through the pulmonary structures so that it is heard as normal audible speech on auscultation.

Back 64

whispered pectoriloquy

Front 65

Loss of ability to comprehend language or communicate

Back 65

aphasia

Front 66

Condition characterized by lumpy, sore breasts and sometimes nipple discharge. Symptoms are more apparent before the menstrual period.

Back 66

benign breast disease (fibrocystic)

Front 67

The time it takes for a nail bed to return to its usual color after the blood flow has been momentarily occluded—is an indicator of peripheral circulation.

Back 67

capillary refill

Front 68

Skin cancer that develops on outer layers of sun damaged skin; may travel to lymph nodes. (skin lesions)

Back 68

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 69

Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram; indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions.

Back 69

pulse deficit

Front 70

Partial or complete loss of hair; baldness.

Back 70

alopecia

Front 71

Abnormal condition of a tooth, characterized by decay.

Back 71

caries

Front 72

A yellow, waxy substance produced by sweat glands in the external ear canal. This is normal.

Back 72

cerumen

Front 73

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in hemoglobin.

Back 73

cyanosis

Front 74

Abnormal respiratory symptom in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.

Back 74

orthopnea

Front 75

Inflammation of a vein.

Back 75

phlebitis

Front 76

Injury to the skin's surface caused by abrasion.

Back 76

excoriation

Front 77

Permanent dilation and engorgement of a vein within the lining of the rectum.

Back 77

hemorrhoid

Front 78

Small tumorlike growths that projects from a mucous membrane surface.

Back 78

polyps

Front 79

Disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, in sedentary or immobilized individuals, and in clients on long-term steroid therapy.

Back 79

osteoporosis

Front 80

Heartbeat that deviates from the normal pattern.

Back 80

dysrhythmia

Front 81

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.

Back 81

edema

Hint 81

also appears stretched and shiny.... pitting edema if examiner's fingers are left indented in pt skin

Front 82

Coordinated, rhythmic, serial contractions of smooth muscle that force food through the digestive tract.

Back 82

peristalsis

Front 83

Usually temporary paralysis of intestinal wall that may occur after abdominal surgery or peritoneal injury and that causes cessation of peristalsis; leads to abdominal distention and symptoms of obstruction.

Back 83

paralytic ileus

Front 84

use of hands to touch body parts to make senistive assessments

Back 84

palpation

Front 85

tapping the body with the fingertips tp produce a vibration that travels through the body tissues

Back 85

percussion

Front 86

use of vision and hearing to distinguish normal from abnormal findings

Back 86

inspection

Front 87

involves listening to sounds the body makes to detect variations from normal

Back 87

auscultation

Front 88

Assess SKIN for : (8)

Back 88

Color
Moisture
Temperature
Texture
Tugor
Vascularity
Edema
Lesions

Front 89

Skin Color Variations:

Bluish (cyanosis)

Back 89

increased anount of deoxygenated hemoglobin

causes: heart or lung disease; cold envionment

locations: nail beds, lips, mouth, skin

Front 90

skin color variations:

Pallor ( decrease in color)

Back 90

reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin or reduced visibility of oxyhemoglobin resulting from decreased blood flow

causes: anemia or shock

locations: face, conjunctivae, nail beds. aplms of hands, skin, lips

Front 91

Skin color variations:

Loss of pigmentation

Back 91

Vitiligo

Causes: congenital or autoimmune condition causing lack of pigment

locations: patchy areas on skin over fcae, hands, arms

Front 92

skin color variations:

Yellow- Orange (jaundice)

Back 92

Increased deposit of bilirubin in tissues

causes: liver diseases, destruction of red blood cells

locations:sclera, mucous membrane, skin

Front 93

skin color variations:

red (erythema)

Back 93

increased visibility of oxyhemoglobin caused by dilation or increased blood flow

causes: fever, direct trauma, blushing, alcohol intake

locations: face, areas of trauma, sacrum, shoulders, other common sites for pressure ulcers

Front 94

skin color variations:

Tan-brown

Back 94

increased amount of melanin

causes: suntan or pregnancy

locations: areas exposed to sun; face, arms, areolae, nipples

Front 95

flat, nonpalpable change in skin color, smaller than 1 cm
(freckle, petechia)

Back 95

Macule

Front 96

Palpable, circumscribed, solid elevation in skin, smaller than 1 cm. (elevated nevus)

Back 96

papule

Front 97

elevated solid mass, deeper and firmer than papule, 1-2 cm (wart)

Back 97

nodule

Front 98

solid mass that extends deep through subcutaneous tissue, larger than 1-2 cm (epithelioma)

Back 98

tumor

Front 99

irregular shaped, elevated area or superficial localized edema, varies in size (hive, mosquito bite)

Back 99

wheal

Front 100

circumscribed elevation of skin filed with serous fluid, smaller than 1 cm. (herpes simplex, chicken pox)

Back 100

vesicle

Front 101

circumscribed elevation of skin similar to vesicle but filled with pus, varies in size (staphylococcal infection)

Back 101

pustule

Front 102

deep loss of skin surface thats extends to dermis and frequently bleeds and scars, varies in size (venous stasis ulcer)

Back 102

ulcer

Front 103

thinning of skin with loss of normal skin furrow, with skin appearing shiny and translucent, varies in size (arterial insuffiency)

Back 103

atrophy

Front 104

head lice

Back 104

pediculus humanus capitis

Front 105

crab lice

Back 105

pediculus pubis

Front 106

body lice

Back 106

pediculus humanus corporis

Front 107

what do you look for when assessing Hair and Scalp?

Back 107

Color
distribution
quantity
thickness
texture
lubrication

Front 108

What do you look for when assessing Nails?

Back 108

color
length
thickness
shape
texture
angle
condition of surrounding skin

Front 109

What do you look for when assessing Head and Neck?

Back 109

position
features
movement

Front 110

what do you look for when assessing the Eyes?

Back 110

visual acuity
extraocular movements
visual fields
external eye structures
internal eye structures

Front 111

what do you look for when assessing the ears?

Back 111

auricles
ear canals and eardrums
hearing acuity

Front 112

farsightedness, a refractive error in which rays enter the eye and focus behind the retina. Persons are able to clearly see distant objects but not close objects

Back 112

hyperopia

Front 113

nearsightedness, a refractive error in which rays of light enter the eye and focus in front of the retina. Persons are able to clearly see close objects but not distant objects

Back 113

myopia

Front 114

a noninflammatory eye disorder rsulting from changes in retinal blood vessels. It is a leading cause of blindness

Back 114

retinopathy

Front 115

impaired near vision in middle aged and older adults, caused by loss of elasticity of the lens and associated with the aging process

Back 115

presbyopia

Front 116

congenital condition in which both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously; these eyes appear crossed. Impairment of the extraocular muscles or their nerve supply cause this

Back 116

strabismus

Front 117

an increased opacity of the lens, which blocks light rays from entering the eye. They sometimes develop slowly and progressively after age 35 or suddenly after trauma. Most common eye disorders.

Back 117

cataracts

Front 118

intraocular structural damage resulting from elevated intraocular pressure. Obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor causes this. without treatment the disorder will lead to blindness

Back 118

glaucoma

Front 119

blurred central vision often occurring suddenly, caused by progressive degeneration of the center of the retina. it is most common visual impairment of individuals over age 50 and the most common cause of blindness in oler adults. There is no cure.

Back 119

macular degeneration

Front 120

steps of hearing:

Back 120

1. sound waves enter external ear passing thru outer ear canal

2. sound waves reach tympanic membrane causing it to vibrate

3. vibrations are transmitted thru middle ear by bony ossicular chain to oval window at opening of inner ear

4. cochlea receives the sound vibration

5. nerve impulses from the cochlea travel to auditory nerve and to cerebral cortex.

Front 121

3 types of hearing loss:

Back 121

conduction

sensorineural

mixed

Front 122

this hearing loss interrupts sound waves as they travel from the outer ear to the cochlea of the inner ear b/c the sound waves are not transmitted thru the outer and middle ear structures

Back 122

Conduction loss

Front 123

this hearing loss involves the inner ear, auditory nerve, or hearing center of the brain. Sound is conducted thru the outer and middle ear structures but the continued transmission of sound becomes interrrupted at some point beyond the bony ossicles

Back 123

sensorineural loss