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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which facultative cocci produce a lot of hydrogen peroxide?
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Catalase Negative Facultative Cocci
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Which facultative cocci neutralize hydrogen peroxide?
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Catalase Positive Facultative Cocci
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What bacteria is involved in root caries?
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Actinomyces
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What are the criteria for cariogenic bacteria?
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Any bacterium that can
1. Colonize tooth surface 2. Acidogenic 3. Aciduric |
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What are the major cariogenic bacteria?
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S. Mutans & S. Sobrinus
(also: S. Sanguis, L. Acidophilus, L. Casei, A. Viscosus, A Naesludii |
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What is S. Mutan's major role in caries?
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Ferment mannitol, sorbitol (produces glucans and lactic acid)
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What bacteria has very little role in caries, is less acidogenic and can even help prevent S. mutans colonization by colonizing enamel early in sucrose low environments?
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S. Sanguis
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What bacteria is an important secondary etiologic agent in caries formation, active in smooth surface and dentinal caries?
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Lactobacillus
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What bacteria is important in root caries?
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Actinomyces
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Which glucoceal transferase produced by S. Mutans is Insoluble alpha-1,3 polymers?
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GTF-I
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Which glucoceal transferase produced by S. Mutans is Soluble alpha-1,6 polymers?
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GTF-S
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What cleaves off the alpha-1,6 polymers of glucoceal transferase helping the S. Mutans survive because the remaining alpha 1,3 will keep it from being washed away?
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Dectronase
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What senses that it has a matrix of polysaccharides surrounding it and will bind to the matrix allowing the accumulation of more and more S. mutans binding to the extracellular matrix?
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Glucan binding protein
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What are the 2nd wave of organisms that colonize dentate children?
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S. Mutans
S. Sanguis |
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Is there sIgA in saliva at birth?
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No
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What are the predentate 1st wave of strep organisms that initially colonize mucosal surfaces?
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S. Mitis and S. Salivarius
(NO s mutans yet) |
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What is the most important serotype of strep mutans?
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serotype C
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Where does IgG enter the mouth from?
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Gingival Crevicular fluid
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What is the primary function of sIgA in the saliva?
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Prevent microbial adherance
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What microbe has protease that can cleave sIgA?
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S. Sanguis
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What is the degree of specificity for a particular immunogen?
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Affinity
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What is the strength of the bond referred to as?
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Avidity
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What immunoglobulins correlate with caries?
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Increased sIgA titers and serum IgM to S. mutans
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What are the criteria for cariogenicity?
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1. An organism must exhibit tropism for teeth (bind to the tooth)
2. Acidogenic 3. Aciduric 4. Utilize refined sugar (sucrose) |
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Why is the predominant antibody in the mouth sIgA?
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because B cells have difficulty functioning in the mouth
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Why don't S. mutans work as an immunogen for vaccination?
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It has antigens that cross react with heart muscle (cardiolipin)
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What are some possible candidate antigens for a alternative means of caries vaccination?
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Glucosyltransferases
(also, adhesins dextranase glucan-binding-proteins ) |
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Which type of glucans is going to be insoluble and very difficult to remove?
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Alpha-1,3 (mutan) water INsoluble glucosyltransferase I (GTF-I)
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what type of linkages are dextran?
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alpha-1,6 (GTF-S)
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Would it be a good idea to have an antibody against dextran?
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No becasue dextran is alpha-1,6 bonds and is already soluble. The better idea is an antibody against mutans alpha-1,3 bonds to prevent bonding
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What is the purpose of surface protein antigens like adhesins?
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They adhere to the tooth (SA I/II) in the absence of sucrose
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Could antibodies against saliva binding region antibodies of SA I/II prevent colonization of S mutans on mice teeth?
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Yes
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What do dextranases do?
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Cleaves 1,6 linkages to use for energy sources to allow the concentration of 1,3 to build, increasing binding ability
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Are Lipoteichoic acids found on the surface of gram positive bugs a good antigen candidate?
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No because epitopes could cross react with host tissue antigens; heart antigens
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What type of organisms have teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid in their cell envelope?
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Gram Positive organisms
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What is the best antibody at mucosal surfaces?
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IgA
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How is fluoride important as an adjuvant?
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Lactic acid pathway is affected by fluoride and enolase production is prevented
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What is a possible passive anticaries immunization method?
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Milk from cows immunized against cariogenic bacteria provides a source of IgG1 against s. mutans
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