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33 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Main function of eccrine glands

thermoregulation through evaporative heat loss, also excrete heavy metals, drugs, organic compounds and macromolecules

Eccrine glands begin to develop at 3 months gestation and gradually appear everywhere by 5 months except for:

External auditory canal


Lips


Clitoris


Labia minora


Glans


Inner prepuce


Nails



So, ears and genitals

Area of the body with:



most eccrine?



least eccrine?

most- palms, soles, axilla



lowest- back

The eccrine secretory unit consists of two segments...

1. Secretory coil- proximal coiled portion in lower dermis



2. Duct- long, thin channel that ends at the acrosyringium

The secretory coil of eccrine glands contain 3 distinct cell types. What are they and what do they do?

1. Clear cells- abundant mitochondria and lipofuscin granules, function in the secretion of water and electrolytes



2. Dark cells- smooth membrane with basophilic granules that produce sialomucin; resorbs Na



3. Myoepithelial cells- contractile cells with actin fibers! envelope both the clear and dark cells and enhance delivery of sweat to the skin; responds to CHOLINERGIC stimulation

What is so important about the eccrine duct and microbes?

The ductal epithelium is composed of 2 layers of cuboidal cells (basal ductal cells and luminal ductal cells) which secrete antimicrobial peptide B defensin!!

The post ganglionic sympathetic fibers of eccrine glands are innervated by what?

acetylcholine



**remember all preganglionics are Acetylcholine... post can either be sympathetic or parasympathetic

3 types of secretion are? What type do eccrine ducts use?

Merocrine- secretion via exocytosis (ECCRINE)



Holocrine- secretion by membrane rupture (SEBACEOUS)



Apocrine- secretion by membrane budding (APOCRINE)

Is our sweat hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic?

HYPOTONIC! secretion of isotonic sweat by secretory coil in response to cholinergic stimulation, cells along eccrine duct partially reabsorb NaCl resulting in release of hypotonic sweat



**so the faster the flow rate, the less time the duct has to resorb NaCl, the more is secreted in sweat

What is Frey's Syndrome?

Damage to parotid glands and/or auriculotemporal nerve after surgery --> focal hyperhidrosis on damaged side

Where is the clog in Miliaria crystallina? Miliaria rubra? Miliaria profunda?

Crystallina- corneum



Rubra- spinosum



Profunda- deep

LOOK AT A KODA OF CYTARABINE (AML) AND NEUROTPHILIC ECCRINE HIDRADENITIS

DO IT NOWWWWWWWW

Apocrine glands are derived from primary epithelial germ layer and are present in the entire skin surface of the embryo... slowly disappear and remain only on...

axillae, anogenital region, periumbilical region, nipples, vermilion border

Apocrine secretion is increased with what type of stimulation?

CATECHOLAMINE AND CHOLINERGIC!

What is apocrine bromhidrosis?

bacterial decomposition of apocrine sweat on skin surface --> super smelly

What is apocrine chromhidrosis?

Secretion of pigmented (yellow, green, black) sweat, cause by increased numbers of deposition of lipofuscin in sweat glands

What is pseudochromhidrosis?

Stained sweat from bacteria (corynebacterium)

What is Fox-Fordyce disease?

Occlusion of apocrine glands resulting in follicular apocrine miliaria

Sebaceous glands are found everywhere on skin except...

PALMS AND SOLES

What are...



Zeis glands


Molls glands


Fordyce granules


Meibomian glands


Montgomery tubercles


Tyson glands

Zeis- sebaceous glands on eyes


Molls- apocrine on eyes


Fordyce- sebaceous glands on vermilion lips and oral mucosa


Meibomian- sebaceous on eyes


Montgomery- sebaceous on areolae


Tyson- sebaceous on leebs and prepuce

Sebaceous glands always associated with a hair follicle... how many pilosebaceous units are there?

THREE!!



Vellus (short hair, small glands)


Sebaceous ( midsized hair, large glands)


Terminal (long, thick hair, large glands)

Stem cells in the hair follicle bulge can regenerate sebaceous glands following injury... those stem cells that are destined to become sebocytes have increased expression of what genes?

Increased SHH and Myc (or decreased Wnt)

What is the main component of sebum?

Triglycerides

Sebum secretion is not under neural control... what hormones are responsible for increased and decreased production of sebum?

Androgens- stimulate sebum production (DHEAS more important than T/DHT)



EStrogens- decrease sebum production

The microflora of the pilosebaceous unit is:

Acroinfundibulum: p.ovale, malassezia



Midinfundibulum: s. epidermis



Deep: p.acnes

Human sebum is distinguished from lipids of internal organs by the presence of:

wax esters!



as sebum exits the sebaceous gland, it contains squalene, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, TG and wax esters. Human sebum is distinguished by the presence of wax esters and squalene, however lipids of internal organs contain a little squalene too.

Meobomian glands are:

meoBOOMian glands (Zeis also) sebaceous glands on the eyelids

Sebaceous glands are ALWAYS/SOMETIMES associated with hair follicles?

Sebaceous glands are usually associated with hair follicles, but free glands exist, especially on the lip (Fordyce spots), nipple (Montgomery tubercles), eyelids (meibomian glands), genitalia (Tysons glands)

There are several types of specialized sebaceous glands that are not associated with a hair follicle... they include...

1. Montgomery's tubercle (nipple)


2. Fordyce spots (lip)


3. glands of Zeis and Meibomian glands (eye)


4. Tysons (genitals)

T/F



Sebaceous glands respond to cholinergic activity?

FALSE



sebaceous glands respond to chemical stimuli such as hormones

What is the major barrier component in the stratum corneum?

Ceramide

What hormone is homologous to a-MSH?

ACTH



both ACTH and a-MSH are cleavage products of POMC