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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the general characteristics of Helicobacter pylori
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Motile, spiral shaped, micro-aerophilic. Urease positive
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What diseases are caused by Helicobacter pylori
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Chronic gastritis, duodenal and peptic ulcers. Risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Greater than 90% of peptic ulcer disease is caused by H. pylori
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How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted
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Oral ingestion. Bacteria is in human fecal material, dental plaque, and gastric contents
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What is the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori
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Penetration of gastric mucus. Inflammatory response occurs in the epithelium and lamina propria and vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is seen. Acute and chronic inflammation leads to ulceration
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What are the virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori
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Urease; Flagella; Vacuolating cytotoxin; Mucinase and phospholipases; Superoxide dismutase and catalase; Cytotoxic-associated protein (CagA)
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What is the importance of urease in Helicobacter pylori
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Allows the bacteria to survive the low pH of the stomach. May also damage epithelial cells
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What is the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori
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Present in 40-60% of people in industrialized countries. May remain asyptomatic for decades. Husbands and wives rarely exchange strains.
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How is Helicobacter pylori diagnosed
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Biopsy and culture of gastric mucosa; Urease breath test; IgG or IgA response to bacteria
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How is Helicobacter pylori treated
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Combination of Amoxicillin (or tetracyclin) + Metronidazole + Omeprazole
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What diseases are caused by Vibrio vulnificus
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Rapidly progressive wound infections; self-limiting gastroenteritis; life-threatening septicemia
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What is the epidemiology of Vibrio vulnificus
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Most common in coastal areas; Acquired by eating raw oysters; Individuals with liver disease, iron overload disorders, diabetes, immunodeficiency, or malignancy are at highest risk of primary septicemia
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