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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a synergistic response
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The combination of two antibiotics is greater than the sum. The combination of carbenicilin and gentamycin is a good example
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What type of antibiotic should be given to immunocompromised patients
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Bactericidal
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What are some examples that limit successful chemotherapy
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Intracellular location of bacteria; Abcess formation and necrosis, leading to decreased circulation; Presence of foreign bodies and obstructions
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What is an intrinsic mechanism of antibiotic resistance
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The target on which the antibiotic works is missing from the bacterium. Vancomycin targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, so don't use with gram negative bacteria
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What are acquired mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
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Bacteria acquire a mutation or factor that allows it to escape the antibiotic activity. This can be from a spontaneous mutation (streptomycin targeting 30S), or from horizonal gene transfer (plasmids and transposable elements)
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What is the selective pressure mechanism of antibiotic resistance
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The process by which treatment with an antibiotic selects for those bacteria that have acquired resistance. This is why antibiotics should not be overused
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What are five mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
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1. Enzymatic inactivation/alteration of the antibiotic
2. Inadequate or decreased uptake or penetration of the antibiotic into the microbe 3. Active/increased efflux of the antibiotic out of the microbe 4. Alteration of target antibiotics 5. Pathways that bypass the reaction inhibited by the antibiotics |
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Why doesn't the plate dilution assay for the determination of antimicrobial activity allow one to determine whether or not the action of a given drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic
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The method is only meant to inhibit visible growth. The mechanism of inhibition (cell death or growth inhibition) is not known
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