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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sterilization |
- complete removal/killing of all microbial life forms |
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Disinfection |
- removal/killing of pathogenic microorganisms but necessarily bacterial or other spores |
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Disinfectants |
- applied to inanimate objects |
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Antiseptics |
- applied to living tissue |
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1. Types of organisms 2. Number of organisms 3. Concentration of disinfectant 4. Amount of organic soil present 5. Nature of the surface to be disinfected 6. Temperature and pH process 7. Length of contact time 8. Type of water available 9. Biofilms 10. Disinfectant compatibility |
Factors that influence the degree of killing |
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1. Bacterial spores (MOST RESISTANT) 2. Mycobacteria 3. Naked viruses 4. Fungi 5. Vegetative cells 6. Enveloped viruses (LEAST RESISTANT) |
Types of organisms acdg to resistance to killing |
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Critical materials |
- invade sterile tissues - requires sterilization |
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Semicritical materials |
- come in contact with mucuos membranes - requires high level disinfection |
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Noncritical materials |
- come in contact with intact skin - require intermediate level to low level disinfection |
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High level disinfection |
with sporocidal activity |
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Intermediate level disinfection |
tubercolocidal but not sporocidal |
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Low level disinfection |
non-sporocidal and non-tubercolocidal |
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Incineration (870c - 980c) |
materials are burned to ashes |
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Autoclaving |
- heat under pressure - all microorganisms are destroyed including spores |
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-Pressure: 15 psi -Temp: 121 c -Duration: 30-60 mins (15 mins if soiled) |
Pressure, Temperature and Duration for autoclaving |
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Oven (dry heat) |
- usually employed for glassware - requires longer time and higher temperatures |
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Boiling |
only disinfection is achieved (tubercolocidal) |
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Pasteurization |
usually employed in the food industry |
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Vat Pasteurization |
63c for 30mins |
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Flash Pasteurization |
72c for 15secs |
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Filtration |
- used for liquid and air via thin membrane filters - applied to heat sensitive solutions like vaccines and antibiotics |
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Ionizing radiation |
- gamma rays or electron beams - used by the medical industry to sterilize disposable supplies |
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Non-ionizing radiation |
- uses ultraviolet rays to disinfect surfaces |
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Alcohols |
- the two most commonly used are isopropyl and ethyl (70%) - denatures proteins |
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Aldehydes |
- chemical method used for "cold sterilization" - used at a concentration of 2% |
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Iodine |
mainly used as antiseptics |
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Heavy metals |
- action is primarily bacteriostatic - slowly bactericidal |
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Detergents |
- quaternary ammonium compounds |
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Benzalkonium chloride |
- most common detergent in a medical setting |
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Ethylene Oxide |
- alkylates nucleic acids in the spore and vegetative cell - used for materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization - most common antiseptic in gaseous form |
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Air |
What do HEPA filters sterilize? |
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Bacteriostatic |
Antibiotics are most frequently used at what level of killing? |
