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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an antiseptic?
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antimicrobial angent applied to the SKIN
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What is a disinfectant?
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antimicrobial agent applied to an INANIMATE OBJECT
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What is Triclosan?
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di-phenolic compound that inhibits FA synth in bacteria
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How was penicilling discovered?
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plates stored too long didnt grow near funky white stuff -> PENICILLIN
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What is the main issue with antibiotics?
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lack of specificity and resistance
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Bacteriostatic
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not lethal in itself
relys on host machinary to kill ie tetracycline |
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Bacteriocidal
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directly kill the pathogen
ie penicillin |
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Toxic side effects of tetracycline?
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tooth discoloration
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toxic side effect of streptoycin?
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auditory damage
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toxic side effect of cholamphenicol?
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anemia
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What type of hypersensitivity can you get from anti-biotics?
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Type I IgE
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What bacteria can grow when you suppress normal flora?
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Clostridium difficle causing diarrhea
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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
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lowest conc of drug that inhibits growth of a microbe
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Minimum lethatl concentration/ Minimum bactericidal concentration
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lowest conc of drug that kills a definded proportion of microbial pop at a given time
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When are cell wall inhibitors most effective?
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in growing cells
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The crosslinking of peptidoglycans occurs at what 2 residues?
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Lysine
meso-diaminopimelic acid |
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What are the 3 steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis?
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1. synth of precurssors in cytoplasm
2. transport of disaccharide 3. assembly & cross-linking |
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What 2 enzymes are required for cross-linking?
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carboxypeptidase
transpeptidase |
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What are the b-lactam antibiotics?
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penicilllin
cephalosporin carbapenem monobactam |
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Where do b-lactam antibiotics act?
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D-ala D-ala terminal prevents crosslinking
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What is the basic structure of penicillin?
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cystine-valine condensation
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What are the sites of enzymatic cleavage of penicillin?
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B-lactimase: CN bond
amidase substrate for synthetic derivatives |
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R-groups added to penicillin can effect?
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1. acid liability
2. b-lactimase sensitivity 3. activity toward grm +/- |
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What is the purpose of clavulanic acid?
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inactivates b-lactimase by binding
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Carboxypeptidase does what?
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cleaves the terminal D-ala on pentapeptide
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Transpeptidase does what?
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forms peptide bridge
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What 2 enzymes are penicillin binding protiens?
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transpeptidase
carboxypeptidase |
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What are 3 mechanisms for penicillin resistance?
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1. decreased perm to drug - mut of porins
2. mut of PBP 3. new DNA |
