Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
recombination
|
exchange of DNA between two DNA molecules
occur many ways naturally for bacteria can be done by scientists |
|
|
gene transfer
|
refers to the passing of genes either vertically or horizontally
important in increasing genetic diversity of organims vertical transfer is simply reproduction horizontal transfer includes natural recombination processes - transformation - conjugation - transduction |
|
|
Horizontal transfer - transformation
|
change in bacterium's characteristics due to transfer of genetic material
- naked DNA - DNA that is not incorporated into chromosomes or other structures dead cell - DNA - live cell not all bacteria can become competent and transformed |
|
|
conjugation
|
transfer of larger pieces of DNA between two cells
F+ cells (donor cells or male cells) - contain F plasmid that contain the information for synthesizing special pili (F or sex pili) DNA is transferred through the conjugation bridge |
|
|
transduction
|
DNA carried between live cells using a bacteriophage
DNA can become incorporated into the host's genome (phraphage) or be extrachromosomal (plasmid) |
|
|
conjugative plasmids
|
genes for sex pili and for gene transfer (F plasmid)
|
|
|
Dissimilation plasmids
|
Encode enzymes for catabolism of unusual compounds
- bacteriocinogens - plasmids that direct production of bacteriocins - proteins released by bacteria that inhibit growth of other strains of the same species - one molecule can kill a bacterial cell |
|
|
Resistance Plasmids
|
antibiotics do not induce the formation of these plasmids, but using antibiotics selects for strains that carry these plasmids
plasmids contain a resistance transfer factor and one or more resistance genes can be transferred between cells of the same species but also between closely related genera |
