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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prokaryotic cell
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bacteria nucleus is absent but have nucleoid(aggregate of dna) contain smaller ribosomes 70 s no other organells cell wall rigid and contain peptidoglycan no histone no introns mono and polycistrons mrna(messenger that encodes 2 or more proteins) transcript and translation is coupled N-formyl methionine is the AA initiating protein |
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eukaryotic cells
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nucleus is present multiple chromosomes surrounded by nuclear membrane and uses mitotic apparatus cell wall flexible and contains sterols cytoplasm-membrane bound organ cells eg mitochondria and lysosomes methionine is the AA initiating protein |
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cellular arrangement
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pneumococci-- arranged in pair streptococci- - arranged in chains bacilli- arranged in chains stap-- arranged in four groups staph cocci- arrange in cluster Chinese leter- corynebacteria |
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plasmid
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double stranded, circular DNA carried genetic info which mediates: antibiotic resistance to heavy metals, silver resistance to uv light |
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cell wall functions
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energy generation by oxidative phosphorylation lipid bilayer |
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peptidoglycan is a
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lipid mesh made up of ropelike linear polysaccharide polysaccharide is made up of repeating: N-acetylglucossamine(GlcNAc, NAG, G) and N- acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc, NAM, M) |
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LYSOZYME
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degrade peptidoglycan
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vancomycin
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INHIBITS ENLOGATION OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN CHAINS
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B-LACTAM
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inhibits cross linking reaction
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BACITRACIN
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inhibits recycling of bactoprenol carrier
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GRAM positive
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90% peptidoglycan with teichoic acids(antigenic in nature) |
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teichoic acids
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glycerol phospae or ribitol phosphate are located in the outer layer of the gram positive cell wall and extend from it mediccaly it iduce septic shock and attachment of staphylococci to mucosal cells |
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GRAM NEGATIVE
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10% peptidoglycan, LPS aka endotoxin LPS consist of 3 structure lipid a, CORE POLYSACCHARIDE, and O antigen |
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ACID FAST CELL WALL
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because of its unique cell wall it resist decolorization with acid-alcohol stains red, initial color is carbol fuchsin |
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flagella |
made of flagellin helps in chemotaxis(bacteria moving towards nutrient) |
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niesseria gonorrhoeaee
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adheres specifically to the human cervical or urethral epithelium
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endospores
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higly resistant , dipicolinic acid formed by gram positive BACILLUS ANTHRAX CLOSTRIDIUM(including tetanus and botulism) killed at 121 celicius they have thick keratin like coat ANTIBIOTICS are ineffective |
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glycocalyx
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slime layer, secreted by bacteria, eg streptococcus mutan adheres to teeth forming plaques |
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