Bacteria

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Characteristics of bacteria

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smallest, simplest, most abundant organism on planet
moves, eats, reproduces: carries out life functuions
live almost everywhere
Prokaryotic cell: no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles,has ribosomes, some have chloroplasts (producers)
live alone or in groups called colonies

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aerobic

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needs oxygen

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anaerobic

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doesn't need oxygen

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ways bacteria are helpful

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Vitamin K: helps blood clot
Antibiotics: kill bacteria
Digestion
fuel: methane-producing bacteria
insulin: helps people with diabetes
Food:Many foods are made w/ bacteria
Oxygen: produced as a waste product
Vaccines: help our body prepare to fight diseases

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nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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plants need nitrogen to grow, and bacteria supplies the nitrogen.

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how some bacteria can cause human disease

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by producing toxins (poisonous substances)

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bacteria

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smallest living organism, microscopic

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Unicellular

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one-celled organism

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prokariotic

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no nucleus, simple structures, no organelles except ribosomes

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consumer

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cannot produce its own food

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Flagella

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whiplike tails that help bacteria move

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fission

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asexual form of bacterial reproduction

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antibiotics

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kill bacteria

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pathogen

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anything that causes disease

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parasite

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invades the bodyof another organism to take its nutrients

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Flagella

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whiplike tails that help bacteria move

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fission

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asexual form of bacterial reproduction

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antibiotics

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kill bacteria

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pathogen

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anything that causes disease

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parasite

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invades the bodyof another organism to take its nutrients

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toxins

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poisonous substances

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vaccines

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prevent some diseases caused by bacteria

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Bacilli

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rod-shaped bacteria

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Cocci

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sphere-shaped bacteria

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Spirilla

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spiral-shaped bacteria

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Binary Fission

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simplest form of asexual reproduction
- simple cell division -- 1 cell splits into 2 identical cells
-results in new cell with same DNA

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4 steps of Binary Fission

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1. cell grows
2. DNA copies itself
3. Cell begins to split & DNA moves to side
4. 2 identical cells

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Producer Bacteria

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make their own food
contain clorophyll

example: cyanobacteria

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Consumer Bacteria

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have to get food by being parasite or decomposer

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Decomposer Bacteria

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break down dead or decaying organisms

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Parasitic Bacteria

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go into body of host and take host's nutrients

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Eubacteria

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Ex. Cyanobacteria (producer Eubacteria)
produce oxygen as waste product
important food source for other organisms

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Archaebacteria

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Bacteria that live in extreme conditions (produce methane)

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Too many Eubacteria

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cause too much to bloom

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What do good bacteria do for the environment?

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Bioremediation - change pollutants into harmless compounds
Recycling Bacteria - decomposers - decompose dead or decaying organic matter and creates nutrients for the earth

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Pathogens enter body

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inhale, eat or through cut or scab

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Bad bacteria can cause

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Lyme disease, cavities, strep throat, food poisoning, pneumonia

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Pathogens make you sick by:

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producing toxins

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Pasteurization

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invented by Louis Pasteur
Heat food to a temperature that kills most of the harmful bacteria but doesn't change the taste much

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Treatment of bacterial diseases

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Vaccines - prevent some diseases
- made from damaged bacteria cell parts or dead bacteria
- once enters your body, makes white blood cells recognize the bacteria as "bad", when bacteria enters the body, white blood cells will attack

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nodules

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growths on roots of plants where nitrogen fixing bacteria live