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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an infectious disease?
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A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another,either directly or indirectly(ie,maleria)
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What are pathogens?
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Micro-organisms that cause disease.
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What do pathogens include?
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Bacteria,protozoa,fungi and viruses.
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What are all pathogens?
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Parasites,they live off their host and give nothing in return.
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Do micro-organisms reproduce fast?
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Very fast inside a host organism.
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Describe bacteria
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Very small living cells,they reproduce rapidly inside your body,they make you feel ill,they can be useful if they're inside the digestive system.
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How do bacteria make you feel ill?
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By damaging your cels and producing toxins(poisons).
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Are viruses cells?
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No,they're much smaller.
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How do viruses replicate themselves?
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By invading the nucleus of a cell and using the DNA it contains to produce mainy copies of themselves,when the cells burst,new viruses release.
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How do viruses make you feel ill?
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By the cell damage.
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What is the 'first line of defence' to stop pathogens entering the body?
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1)The skin-if it gets damaged,blood clots seal cuts to keep them out
2)The respiratory system 3)The eyes |
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How does the respiratory system stop pathogens entering the body?
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The nasal passage and trachea are lined with mucus and cilia which catch dust and bacteria before reaching lungs.
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How do the eyes stop pathogens entering the body?
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They produce lysozyme which kill bacteria on the surface of the eye.
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What is the 'second line of defence' to stop pathogens entering the body?
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Everything not picked up in the 1st line of defence,is picked up by non-specific white blood cells called phagocytes.
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What do phagocytes do?
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They detect things that are 'foreign' to the body eg microbes. They engulf microbes and digest them,they attack anything!
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What do phagocytes trigger?
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An inflammatory response this is so right cells can get to the area and fight the infection
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What is the 'third line of defence' to stop pathogens entering the body?
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By specific white blood cells, they produce antibodies and antitoxins.
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What does every invading cell have on its surface?
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Antigens.
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What do specific white blood cells produce when they come across foreign antigen?
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A protein called antibodies,they lock onto invading cells and mark them out for destruction by white blood cells.
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How are antibodies specific?
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They have a specific shape to a certain antigen,they won't lock on to any others.
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Why does the body carry a 'memory' of what the antigen was like?
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Our bodies are immune to diseases usually after we have them, yet if the antigens come back then loads of antibodies come and get rid of it.
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What do antitoxins do?
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They counter the toxins produced by invading microbes.
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What is immunisation?
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It protects you from future infection.
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What does immunisation involve?
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Injecting dead or inactive microorganisms. They carry antigens,which cause your body to produce antibodies to attack them.
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What is active immunity?
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Where the immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by a pathogen. This is permanent.
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What is passive immunity?
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It's where you used antibodies made by another organism. It is temporary.
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Positives of immunisation?
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Stops you getting ill,prevent the problem,controls diseases,can slow down spread,used all over the world,has stopped horrible diseases before.
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Negatives of immunisation?
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Short-term side effects,can cause over diseases, like MMR has been connected to autism.
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What is necessary to stop disease spreading?
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Basic hygiene,MRSA has been caused due to reports saying modern hospitals aren't clean enough!
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What is medicine?
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It contains useful drugs.
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What are antibiotics?
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they are drugs which change the way we treat infectious diseases,they kill disease-causing bacteria inside the body.
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Do antibiotics work against viruses?
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No because viruses produce within cells,it is difficult to make a drug for this as the drugs would damage our own cells.
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What happens if antibiotics just kill some bacteria?
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Those that survive may be slightly resistant to the antibiotic and go on to flourish.
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What is a plasma cell?
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A cloned B lympocyte that makes antibodies specific to an antigen.
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What does IVE stand for?
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Isolate,Vacinate and Eradicate
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