Bacateriology Quiz 3 Set 4

Front 1

what kind of bacteria are staph
gram? anaerobe? mannose fermenting?

Back 1

Gram + cocci with grape like clusters
facultative anaerobe
ferments mannose (only s.aureus)
catalase positive

Front 2

two major causes of hospital-related bacteremias in the U.S.

Back 2

Staph aureus and staph epidermidis

Front 3

up to 60% of staph organisms may be resistant to what drug

Back 3

methicillin (Vancomysin may be drug of last resort)

Front 4

Staph: gram? shape?

Back 4

gram positive cocci in grape like clusters

Front 5

coagulase is a useful distinguishing feature in what kind of staph infections. what is is

Back 5

an enzyme that clots human or rabbit plasma by activating fibrinogen. distinguishes Staph aureaus

Front 6

Staph. aureus? catalase? ferments manitol?

Back 6

catalase positive (strep is catalase neg) and facultative anaerobes
ferments mannitol

Front 7

colonization by staph of the nasal passages is 30-40% higher in what two catagories of patients

Back 7

drug users and diabetics

Front 8

toxic shock syndrome is caused by what toxin

Back 8

toxic shock syndrome toxin by Staph. aureus

Front 9

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by what toxin

Back 9

exfoliatins by staph. aureus

Front 10

S. aureus's surface adhesive molecules bind what in host

Back 10

host's ECM (fibrinogen, collagen, etc) such proteins are often found on damaged "skin" (catheter site), disrupted airways, or endothelial cells in blood stream

Front 11

s. aureus' alpha toxin does what

Back 11

lyse host cell membrane

Front 12

s. aureus leukocidins does what

Back 12

lysis of leukocytes

Front 13

s. aureus prtoeases does what

Back 13

breakdown host proteins

Front 14

s. aureus coagulase does what

Back 14

forms clot in human plasma

Front 15

s. aureus' staphylokinase does what

Back 15

lysis of blood clot or fibronolysis

Front 16

s. aureus' hyaluronidase does what

Back 16

dissolves hyaluronic acid - a component of the host's cellular matrix

Front 17

s. aureus' lipase does what

Back 17

dissolves lipids and lipoproteins

Front 18

a cell wall protein that binds to host IgG via the Fc receptors, leading to "blinding on the wrong end", less complement-mediated killing. it is a B cell super Ag, leading to defective production of specific IgM

Back 18

Protein A secreted by S. aureus. it helps organism evade host immune system

Front 19

T cell super antigens which blunts T cell response and is secreted by S. aureus

Back 19

enterotoxins A-E, G, H, and I

stimulate IL1, IL2, TNF

Front 20

the capsular polysaccharides on Staph. aureus play a role in what part of pathogenesis

Back 20

anti-phagocytic

Front 21

a surface protein that impairs neutrophil recruitment and is secreted by s. aureus

Back 21

Eap (MAP)

Front 22

what happens if a s.aureus infection is not contained the host immune system what might happen

Back 22

invasion in to the bloodstream - blood borne infection would ensue - any organ is at risk

Front 23

the enterotoxin secreted by s.aureus: heat labile?

Back 23

heat stabile - resists boiling

Front 24

many enterotoxins secreted by s.aureus are super antigens which stimulate large amounts of of what 3 cytokines

Back 24

Il-1 IL-2 and TNF

Front 25

what are the clinical syndromes in toxin-mediated s. aureus food poisoning case

Back 25

nausea, vomiting, non-bloody diarrhea (all explained by the T cell super antigen effect)

Front 26

what toxin causes fever, rash, followed by desquamination of palms, soles, some may have hypotension and shock

Back 26

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), caused by s. aureus is characterized

Front 27

Staphylococcal scalded is secreated by specific groups of s.aureus (phage group II) and is characterized histologically by

Back 27

superficial layer of epidermis detaching from underlying dermis in response to toxin

Front 28

invasive diseases caused by s.aureus are characterized by

Back 28

suppuration and abscess formation
e.g catheter site infections

Front 29

nasal colonization by s.aureus can be prevented by

Back 29

intranasal mupirocin

Front 30

why do you treat s.aureus with semi-synthetic penicillin instead of regular penicillin

Back 30

because staph synthesizes penicillinase which renders them resistant to regular penicillin but not synthesized penicillin (e.g dicloxacillin, and oxacillin)

Front 31

Staph species which is coagulase negative and sensitive to novobiocin, does not ferment mannitol, and causes very little hemolysis on blood agar

Back 31

staph epidermidis

Front 32

normal flora of skin and is opportunistic pathogen (especially adheres to foreign bodies)

Back 32

S. epidermidis

Front 33

surface carbohydrate components on s.epidermidis mediates intercellular adherence or clustering of bacteria - which is called

Back 33

biofilm

Front 34

what is the treatment for S. epidermis

Back 34

Vancomycin

Front 35

In a tough case of s. epidermis (perhaps where bacteremia has occured) you might want to consider add what two antibiotics to your treatment with Vancomycin

Back 35

rifampin and gentimycin

Front 36

Staph species which is coagulase minus and catalase positive, and is RESISTANT to novobiocin

Back 36

staph. saprophyticus

Front 37

this staph species is a skin commensal and is a comomon cause of UTIs in young women (second to E.coli in this age group)

Back 37

s. saprophyticus

Front 38

urinary tract infection, polyuria and dysuria would be caused by

Back 38

staph. saprophyticus

Front 39

what two types of antibiotics would you use to treat s. saprophyticus

Back 39

a trimethoprim (Bactrim), and quinolone (norfloxacin) - anything that will penetrate into the urinary bladder

Front 40

color of S. aureus, s.epidermis, and s.saprophyticus colonies

Back 40

s. aureus is yellow - the other two are white

Front 41

which staph species ferment mannitol

Back 41

only s. aureus

Front 42

whis staph species has DNase, hemolysis

Back 42

only s. aureus

Front 43

phage recetpro is useful for typing what kind of staph

Back 43

s. aureus

Front 44

staph aureas metabolic characteristics

Back 44

faculatative anaerobe

Front 45

how do staph and strep compare in terms of catalase

Back 45

staph is catalase positive and strep is catalase negative