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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In "Who's sleeping with whom?" What are the American values?
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1. Incest avoidance- seperate parents and kids
2. Sacred marriage bed- only mom and dad and sex 3. Autonomy - independence instilled in children 4. Space- bedroom for every child |
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In "Who's sleeping with whom?", what are the Indian values?
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1. Incest avoidance- separate siblings.
2. Protection of vulnerable children 3.Female chastity anxiety 4. Hierarchy of age |
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What is the genetic relation between humans and chimpanzees?
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Humans and chimps are 98% similar and humans are more related to chimps than chimps are to gorillas
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What does altricial mean?
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Helpless- the babies can't do anything
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What does precocial mean?
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it means able
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Are humans altricial or precocial?
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Humans are secondary altricial
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How long should human gestation be?
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21 months
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Why are human babies' brains unfinished?
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Bipedal mother = painful childbirth + unfinished brains
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What does r mean?
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a lot of babies but not a lot of effort into them
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What does k mean?
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A few (or one) baby but a lot of care in child- rearing
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What is entrainment?
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Connection to babies- parents will automatically pick up and feed babies
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Parenting styles reflect socio-economic base. Give two examples
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Capitalist = foster independence
Communist = foster obedience, sharing |
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What is ethnopediatrics?
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Combining culture and health
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What is the difference in contact between other cultures and U.S.?
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Other cultures carry their babies more, but they talk less. They focus on physical development and we focus on intellectual
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Where do American parents get advice from?
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doctors, friends,
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Why is it good to sleep with babies?
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prevents sids
brain- more wave activity and heartrates synchronize bonding completes brain development muscles develop |
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Why is co-sleeping thought of as bad?
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After middle ages, people killed their babies and said that they died in ther sleep.
The church stepped in and said no sleeping with babies. Also, westerners want more of a romantic life |
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Who is the sociologist that studied sleeping with babies and what did he say?
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James McKenna- sleeping is good and babies and mothers should face eachother
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What are the main aspects of !Kung San culture?
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1. Foraging
2. sharing - generalized reciprocity 3. Basis of economy and social life is sharing; don't keep track of when you lend things 4. Everyone's not expected to forage everyday 5. No chiefs = egalitarian 6. Band- 20-50 |
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What are the duties of women in the !Kung San culture?
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1. 70-80% of food collected
2. They have power 3. Raise babies- constant contact 4. No chores for children or old people |
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What is the background of the Ache?
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1. cold, temperate climate
2. flexible in marriage. 3. animism = god is in nature 4. when any woman is pregnant, she can name 3-4 men who could be father 5. birth is public 6. catholic church/gov't made ache settle into settlements |
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What is an Ache birth like?
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It is public. The whole tribe watches- even little children. Babies need hair to keep warm, so bald babies are often killed.
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What is partible paternity?
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All men who have sex and feed the mother take care of the mother and the child, not just the biological father.
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Why are Ache kids carried so much?
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There are very dangerous parasites, worms, leaches = parents don't put kids on the ground until they are about 4 or 5
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How do some societies view menstruation?
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Dirty- contaminate men/religious altars. Women are often segregated into menstrual huts, this is also to track paternity
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Is breastfeeding an instinct?
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No, mammals learn to breast feed by watching others
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Why should babies not be taken away from mothers immediately after birth?
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They need to learn to breastfeed in critical period just after birth
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How often to !Kung San babies breastfeed?
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Kung babies feed every 13 minutes on average
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How long do American babies breast feed? How long should they breast feed?
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American babies usually breast feed for a year or less. They should for atleast 2.5 years.
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What is prolactin?
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It is a hormone that helps lactation.
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What happens if babies don't breast feed within 4 days of birth?
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The milk stops flowing
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Why is breastfeeding better than bottle feeding?
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Breast milk has:
1. antibiotics 2.less SIDS 3. more sanitary 4. less sickness later in life |
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What is one possible problem with breast feeding?
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Breast feeding can pass on diseases and the HIV virus
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What do most American women think of breastfeeding?
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American women know that breastmilk is better, but they think it's inconvenient
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Is breast feeding increasing or decreasing in America?
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Breast feeding is increasing in America
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Where do the EFE live?
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Congo basin in central africa
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What is unique about efe breastfeeding?
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A lot of women 4-14 breast feed each child
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Why is communal breast feeding good?
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Communal breastfeeding gets more fluid into children, which is good because efe children are very small
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What is the social background of the efe?
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They are very social- don't work a lot. They are together most of the time, cooperative, and one of the most non-violent people in the world
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How is the Mbuti village set up?
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Children have a bopi- there own village that they come and go from freely.
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What are the gender relations in the Mbuti tribe?
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Women and men are equal within their own age group - remember gender tug of war, they want equality
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How do the Mbuti see children?
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They are pure, because they have not been tainted by killing animals
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How do the Mbuti see adults?
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They are tainted, because they have killed animals
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What special functions do children serve in the Mbuti culture?
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They light the fire for hunts and they settle disputes for adults
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Where do the Fore live
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The fore live in Papua New Guinea
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Are there leaders in the Fore villages?
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No, there are no chiefs, no patriarchs, no priests or medicine men, and no restrictions on freedom
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What is life like for a fore child?
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Constant contact.
No crying No one urges the baby to walk Children are not restricted= play with hatchets, knives whenever they want |
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What are the social relations like in the Fore tribe?
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Women and men are segregated
Friendship is superior to kinship = friends live together, not husbands and wives They know each other so well that they don't have to ask for things- little clues and people figure it out |
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What is the definition of colic?
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3 hours of crying
3 days in a row 3 weeks in a row |
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What is the economic system of the Yanomamo
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Balanced reciprocity = not general like !kung san, you're expected to pay back.
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What is an intersting aspect of Yanomamo culture?
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They are violent- some is just for show, but men beat their wives to show how aggressive they are. Men want to be seen as aggressive and dominating. They are superior to women
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How are marriages arranged in Yanomamo villages?
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Brides are promised and husbands must work for the bride's family. Sometimes women are stolen = war, and sometimes women have affairs. Men have a lot of wives and a lot of affairs.
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How do the Yanomamo eat?
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They have small gardens, but they also hunt and gather
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What is intersting about Yanomamo genealogy?
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They will not mention the names of dead ancestors, nor will they mention the real names of people in the village, especially dominant males
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What was the anthro article about war about?
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The sociologist argued that war is not a new concept, just because there were no written records. In fact, once people could write, they wrote about war.
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What percentage of Yanomamo men die violently?
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from 1/4 to 1/3 of yanomamo men die violently
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What are the differences between the Yanomamo and foraging cultures?
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They are more sedentary
larger groups more possessions= more protection= more war still egalitarian, lead by example, but women have less rites than in foraging societies |
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Why are shamans significant?
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They heal (physically and psychologically) a lot of people and have much more botanical knowledge than any western scientist. A lot of knowledge from shamans have led to medicine
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When studying the effect of "progress" on traditional people, what should researchers look for?
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does it increase or decrease ability to care for physical and psychological needs?
Does crime, nutrition, and natural resources increase or decrease? |
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How does development increase diseases?
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1. new diseases introduced
2. increase in bacteria 3. poverty increases |
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What specific diseases develop/increase with progress?
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Diabetes
Heart disease obesity hypertension sleeping sichness malaria ( in africa) |
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What are the "hazards of dietary change"?
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vitamin and nutrition levels in processed food is lower than natural food
more sugar and starch= diseases increase more milk= sick |
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Why does progress cause tooth decay?
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Chewing food less and more sugar
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How does progress cause malnutrition?
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Protein deficiency
houses deprive children in order to feed adults who need to work malnutrition can lead to brain underdevelopment |
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What do critics say about the health problems of progress?
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Critics say that clinics and hospitals are built, so they should help with problems. But, people are poor,so they can't go to the clinics anyway.
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What is ecocide?
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When the environment is destroyed because of progress.
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How does progress cause ecocide?
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Higher populations and new technology = increased consumption = deterioration and erosion
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What happens when sidden cycles are shortened?
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The soil is overworked and deteriorates
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During periods of "progress" does social life improve for traditional societies?
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no, they have less rights and are discriminated against.
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What are the differences between native and industrialized societies in reference to child rearing?
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co sleeping
breast feeding contact focus on values focus on survival |
