Babies- Embryology, Pathology, Etc

Front 1

Congenital heart diseases:

Early cyanosis vs. late cyanosis

Back 1

Early: right to left shunt (blue babies)

Late: left to right shunt (blue kids)

What causes each kind of shunt?

Hint 1

Early:

The 5 T's:
Tetralogy of fallot (most common), transposition of great arteries, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return; also patent foramen ovale--ebstein's anomaly (seen in Lithium use during preggers)

Late:
VSD>ASD>PDA

Front 2

most common congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 2

VSD

Front 3

when would you want to keep the PDA open?

Back 3

if the baby has transposition of great vessels

what else keeps a baby w/ transposition ok?

Hint 3

VSD or patent foramen ovale

Front 4

Branchial apparatus

Back 4

CAP covers outside from inside

Cleft= ectoderm
Arches= mesoderm
Pouches= endoderm

Front 5

what do these nerves have in common:
CN V2, V3
CN VII
CN IX
CN X

Back 5

they all have motor and sensory components (except V2)

they innervate the branchial arches;

which arches do they innervate?

Hint 5

V2, V3= first arch (chewing)
VII= second arch (facial expression)
IX= third arch (stylopharyngeus)
X= fourth (swallowing) and sixth arches (speaking)

Front 6

failure of maxially and medial nasal processes to fuse results in

Back 6

cleft lip

what causes cleft palate?

Hint 6

failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes, nasal septum, and/or median palatine processes

Front 7

where is the diaphragm derived from?

Back 7

Several Parts build Diaphragm:

1. septum transversum
2. pleuroperitoneal folds
3. body wall
4. dorsal mesentary of esophagus

Front 8

Tongue innervation

Back 8

Anterior 2/3:
taste= Cr. VII
sensation= V3

posterior 1/3:
taste/sensation= Cr. IX

pharyngeal area= Cr. X

motor= XII

what branchial arches form the tongue?

Hint 8

1st arch= anterior 2/3
arches 3,4 = posterior 1/3

Front 9

adenohypophysis becomes?

Back 9

anterior pituitary

what embryonic cell layer? what other structures come from that layer?

Hint 9

surface ectoderm (rathke's pouch)

-lens of eye, retina
-olfactory epithelium
-epidermis; salivary, sweat and mammary glands

Front 10

what is unique about the spleen origin

Back 10

unlike the other gut structures, it is derived from MESODERM.

where are the other gut structures derived from?

Hint 10

the ENDODERM (branchial POUCHES)

gut TUBE = think gut POUCHES

Front 11

aortic arch derivatives

Back 11

1st: maxillary artery
maximum effort gets you 1st
2nd: stapedial artery and hyoid aa
s=second
3rd: common carotid, proximal ICA
c=3rd letter of alphabet
4th: aortic arch (L); right subclavian aa (think of the 4 limbs)
6th: pulm aa and ductus arteriosus (L)

Front 12

what region of the brain develops by week 4

Back 12

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

what do these develop into by the 5th week?

Hint 12

pros: Telencephalon and diencephalon

mes: stays the same

rhomb: metencephalon and myelencephalon

Front 13

cerebral hemispheres
BG
hippocampus
amygdala

develop from?

Back 13

telencephalon

telencephalon developed from?

Hint 13

prosencephalon, which gives rise to:

telencephalon, diencephalon

Front 14

diencephalon gives rise to:

Back 14

thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves and optic tract

when does the diencephalon dev?

Hint 14

5th week; from the prosencephalon

Front 15

mesenchepalon

Back 15

gives rise to MIDBRAIN

Front 16

pons
cerebellum
medulla

develop from?

Back 16

rhomboencephalon

what structures arise from rhomboencephalon?

Hint 16

metencephalon: pons, cerebellum

myelencephalon: medula