B3

Front 1

What's a Species

Back 1

A group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring eg animals & plants

Front 2

Lamracks theory on evolution

Back 2

If a characteristic was used a lot then it would become more developed eg if a rabbit ran a lot it's offspring would have big leg muscles

Front 3

Charles Darwins theory on evolution

Back 3

Natural selection

Front 4

Biodiversity

Back 4

Variety of life on Earth:

-Number of different species on Earth

-range of different types of organisms eg plants, animals

-genetic variation between organisms of the same species

Front 5

Why is maintaining biodiversity important (stopping extinction)

Back 5

1. More plants there are available l, the more resources there are for developing new food crops

2. New medicines have been discovered using chemicals produced by living things.

Front 6

Classification

Back 6

Organisms grouped together according to similarities in their characteristics and physical features they have

Front 7

5 different kingdoms

Back 7

1. Animals

2. Plants

3. Algae

4. Fungi

5. Bacteria

Front 8

Interdependence

Back 8

Organisms depending on other organisms (usually food)

Front 9

3 changes that could cause extinction

Back 9

1. Environmental conditions change eg destruction of habitat

2. New species introduced - could be competition or predator

3. An organisms in the food web it's reliant on becomes extinct

Front 10

Environmental changes using non-living indicators

Back 10

1. Temperature - over a long period of time climate could change eg global warming

2. nitrate level - change in body of water - increase in nitrate levels could be caused by sewage or fertilisers entering water - shows water in polluted

3. Carbon dioxide level - increase could be caused by a lot of factors such as burning fossil fuels - increases rate of flank warming

Front 11

Living indicators

Back 11

1. Lichen - sensitive to levels of sulphur dioxide - populating rises when air is clean

2. Mayfly nymphs - sensitive to level of oxygen in water -population is high water is clean

3. Phytoplankton (algae) - Population increases when levels of nitrates and phosphates in water increase

Front 12

Sustainability

Back 12

Meeting the needs of today's population without harming the environment so future generations can meet their own needs

Front 13

Monoculture

Back 13

Making large amounts of the same thing eg crop

Front 14

Carbon cycle

Back 14

1. Photosynthesis is the only thing that takes carbon from the air

2. Photosynthesis plants converts carbon from CO2 into sugar

3. eating passes carbon compounds to animals

4. both plant & animal respiration releases CO2 into the air

5. When Plants & animals decompose they're broken down into microorganisms. Decomposes release CO2 by respiration

6. Combustion of fossil fuels release CO2

Front 15

Nitrogen cycle

Back 15

1. Nitrogen is needed for protein growth

2. Plants get nitrogen from soil but it's turned into nitrates so they can use it to make protein

3. Animals can only get protein by eating plants or each other

4. Decomposes break down protein in dead plants & animals.

5. Ammonia is turned into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria found in soil

Front 16

Nitrogen cycle

Back 16

1. Nitrogen is needed for protein growth

2. Plants get nitrogen from soil but it's turned into nitrates so they can use it to make protein

3. Animals can only get protein by eating plants or each other

4. Decomposes break down protein in dead plants & animals.

5. Ammonia is turned into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria found in soil

Front 17

Nitrogen fixation

Back 17

Turning N2 in the air into nitrogen compound eg nitrates. There are 2 ways it can happen:

1. lightning - so much energy it can make nitrogen react with oxygen in the air to give nitrates

2. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots & soil

Front 18

Nitrogen cycle

Back 18

1. Nitrogen is needed for protein growth

2. Plants get nitrogen from soil but it's turned into nitrates so they can use it to make protein

3. Animals can only get protein by eating plants or each other

4. Decomposes break down protein in dead plants & animals.

5. Ammonia is turned into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria found in soil

Front 19

Nitrogen fixation

Back 19

Turning N2 in the air into nitrogen compound eg nitrates. There are 2 ways it can happen:

1. lightning - so much energy it can make nitrogen react with oxygen in the air to give nitrates

2. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots & soil

Front 20

4 types of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle

Back 20

1. Decomposers - decomposes urea & protein and turns them into ammonia

2. Nitrifying bacteria - turn ammonia in decaying matter into nitrates (nitrification)

3. Nitrogen fixing bacteria - turn atmospheric N2 into nitrogen compounds that plants can use

4. Denitrifying bacteria - turn nitrates back into N2 gas