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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contents of an animal cell |
Nucleus contains DNA Cell membrane controls what does and doesn't enter Mitochondria aerobic respiration Cytoplasm where the reactions happen Ribbosomes protein synthesis |
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How are proteins assembled |
mRNA copies DNA goes to Ribbosomes as DNA can't leave nucleus tells it which order of amino acids to build on different shapes for different stuctures |
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Types of proteins |
Collagen skin bones Insulin blood sugar Haemoglobin carries oxygen Enzymes catalysts for reactions |
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How do enzymes work |
A substrate molecule locks into an enzymes active site to form one large product molecule If enzyme denatures shape changes so substrate no longer fits properly |
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Name some mutations |
Cancer sickle cell anaemia Pale skin Free earlobes ginger hair |
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What is ATP |
Energy source for cells used in active transport |
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Equation for respiration |
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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How does DNA replicate |
DNA unzips forming two new strands spare bases in nucleus line up with complementary bases |
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How does Meiosis work |
Chromosomes pair up in matched pairs Go to oposite poles of the cells Divide again Tldr meisos = 4 mitosis = 2 |
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What is found in the blood |
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma |
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Describe the structure of the heart |
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Features of animal and plant cell |
Both cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm mitochondria Plant only cell wall vacuole chloroplasts |
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Uses of stem cells and different types |
Treat parkinsons disease repair spinal cord injuries grow tissue or organs treat type 1 diabetes Embryonic are unspecialized can become anything |
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What is gene therapy |
Inserting healthy genes into an adult organisms with ressesive gene disorder |
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For and Against GM |
For more people can be fed increased productivity so decreased costs no major issues so far Against poor farmers can't afford seeds ecosystem may be effected GM crops could cross pollinate with plants |
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Describe how dolly was cloned |
Unfertilised egg taken and nucleus destroyed Cell taken from other organism Nucleus placed in empty eggs Electric shock causes it to divide Develops into an embryo |
