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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name all the groups in the organisms. |
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What happens towards the end of the groups? |
There are less species, less organisms within each group and they share more similarities. |
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Name one of the two ways organisms can be classified. |
-Artificial system is based on one or two characteristics that make identification easier. -Natural system is based on evoluntionary relationships and is much more detailed. |
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Why can't some animals breed with other animals? |
They're from different species. |
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Why are some animals difficult to classify? |
Because of evolution Some organisms don't fit the ideas of classification |
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Why are dolphins and whales classed as mammals even though they're similar to fishes? |
They still give birth to live young and produce milk to feed their babies. |
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What are hybrids? |
Hybrids are the result of breeding two animals from different species. |
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How is the energy transferred into another at each trophic level? |
By respiration, egestion and excretion |
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How many percent is lost at each trophic level ? |
Loses up to 90% |
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How is carbon dioxide removed? |
By photosynthesis in plants |
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How is carbon dioxide released into the air? |
-By plants and animals respiring -By soil bacteria and fungi acting as decomposers -The burning of fossil fuels (combustion) |
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What do plants take in from the soil to make protein for growth? |
Nitrogen as nitrates |
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How are number of microorganisms responsible for the recycling of nitrogen? |
-Decomposers are soil bacteria and fungi and they covert proteins and urea into ammonia -Nitrifying bacteria convert the ammonia to nitrates -Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas -Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in root nodules fix nitrogen gas |
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What does an ecological niche? |
It describes the habitat than an organisms lives in and also its role in the habitat. |
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Why do organisms that share similar niches compete? |
Because they require similar resources. |
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What are interspecific? |
Interspecific is between organisms of different species. |
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What are intraspecific? |
Intraspecific is between organisms of the same species and is likely to be more significant as the organisms share more similarities. |
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What does the term 'cyclical' changes? |
The ups and downs in their numbers of population. |
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Why does the cyclical number change? |
-When there are more preys, more predators survive and so their numbers increase. -When number of predators eat more prey making numbers of prey drop -More predators starve meaning their numbers drop |
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What is mutualism? |
When both organisms are benefiting as a result of their relationship. |
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Explain how mutualism works. |
-Insects visit flowers and transfers pollen causing pollination. They receive sugary nectar from the flowers. -On some coral reefs, cleaner fishes are regularly visited by larger fish. The larger fish benefit by having parasites removed by the cleaner fish and the cleaner fish gain food. |
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What are pea plants? |
Pea plants are a type of bacteria that benefits from mutualism. They have a structure on the roots called nodules. |
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What lives in the nodules? |
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
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Explain how the nitrogen-fixing bacteria works? |
-The bacteria turn nitrogen into nitrogen-containing chemicals then gives some to the peas. -the pea plant gives bacteria some sugars that have been produced by photosynthesis. |
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How do animals adapt to living in very cold conditions? |
The keep warm by reducing heat loss |
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How does adaptations help reduce heat loss? |
-They have excellent insulation to cut down heat loss. -These animals are usually quite large with small ears. This helps to decrease heat loss by decreasing the surface area to volume ratio. |
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How might some animals avoid the cold? |
By changing their behavior. Some migrate long distances to a warmer area. Others slow down all their body processes and hibernate. |
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What do penguins have to reduce heat loss? |
Penguins have a counter-current heat exchange mechanism to help reduce heat loss. The warm blood that enters the flippers warms up the cold blood leaving, to stop it cooling the body. |
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What does it mean to have a biochemical adaptation? |
To have something such as antifreeze proteins in their cells. |
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What is the term that describes organisms that can survive in hot conditions? |
Extremophiles. It's because some bacteria can live in hot springs as they have enzymes that doesn't denature at high temperatures. |
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What is the term that describes organisms that adapts well in specific habitats? |
Specialists, the would struggle to live elsewhere. |
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What is the term that describes organisms that adapts well in several habitats? |
Generalists, they will lose to the specialists in certain habitats. |
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What is Charles Darwin's theory about natural selection? |
His theory of natural selection explains how evolution might happen. It says that if animals and plants are better adapted to their environment, they and the following generations are more likely to survive |
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Why wasn't Darwin's theory fully accepted? |
-He didn't know exactly how adaptations were passed on. -His theory went against religion beliefs |
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Summarise the modern version of natural selection. |
-Within any species there is variation -Organisms produce far more young than will survive, there is competition for resources like food. -The best way to adapt is called survival of the fittest |
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Why is it difficult to study natural selection? |
Because it takes thousands of years to see the effect. |
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What was Lamarck's theory? |
His theory involved law of acquired characteristics. For example, giraffes acquired long necks to feed and this characteristics was passed on. His theory was proved incorrect. |
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What are the three reasons that caused pollution? |
-Carbon dioxide, from increased burning of fossil fuels, which may increase the greenhouse effect and global warming -CFCs are destroying the ozone layer -Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain |
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What does the term exponential growth mean? |
When the human population is growing at an increasing rate. |
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What is conservation? |
It in involves trying to preserve the variety of plants and animals and the habitats that they live in. |
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Why is conservation important? |
-It can protect the food supply -It prevents any damage to the food chain -It protects plants and animals that could be used for medical uses in the future -It protects organisms and habitats that people enjoy to visit |
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What does sustainable development mean? |
It means taking enough resources from the environment for current needs, whilst leaving enough for the future and preventing permanent damage. |
