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6 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

White blood cells

Microorganisms invade the body. The white blood cells find the microorganism and engulfs them. The white blood cell ingests the microorganisms. The microorganisms have been digested and destroyed



Antigens are markers on the surface of the microorganism. The white blood cells become sensitised to the antigens and produce antibodies. The antibodies then lock onto the antigens. this causes the microorganisms to come together so that that other white blood cells can digest them.

The heart

The heart is a double pump as it pumps blood from its right side to the lungs and pumps blood from its left side to the rest of the body.



Pumps blood to provide the body cells with nutrients and oxygen and to remove waste products.



Made up of muscle cells that need a blood supply from the coronary artery to function properly.

Arteries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards the organs. Substances from the blood can't pass through artery walls. arteries have a thick elastic muscular wall to cope with high high pressure in the vessel.

Veins

Veins carry blood from the organs back to the heart. Substances can't pass through the veins walls. has a thinner wall than an artery and has less elastic muscular fibre due to the lower pressure in the vessel. Veins have pocket valves along their length to keep blood flowing in the right direction.

Capillary

Capillaries a very narrow vessels that carry blood between arteries and veins and through organs. They have walls made up of a single layer of cells. it here that substances are exchanged between blood and body cells.

Anti diuretic hormone

Blood water level becomes too high:


Receptors in the hypothalamus detect a decrease in salt concentration. No stimulus is sent to the pituitary gland.



Less adh is secreted into the blood.



Your kidneys become less permeable so less water is reabsorbed.



Your bladder fills with a large quantity of dilute urine.



Your blood water level becomes too low:


Receptors in your hypothalamus detect an increase in salt concentration. a stimulus is sent to the pituitary gland. Thirst is stimulated to encourage drinking.



More adh is secreted into the blood.



Your kidneys become more permeable so more water is reabsorbed.



Your bladder fills with a small quantity of concentrated urine.