Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
describe two ways that microorganisms can cause the symptoms of an infectious disease
|
some microorganisms can damage cells directly- malaria parasites can invade red blood cells and multiply inside of them, eventually making the cells burst open.
many microorganisms produce toxins- this poisons cells and causes fever or inflammation. |
|
|
explain why bacteria can reproduce rapidly inside the human body
|
bacteria reproduces by making copies of itself- but to do this they need nutrients, and warm, moist conditions. They need these conditions so the chemical reactions can take place. Our body has lots of places with these conditions.
|
|
|
what is the role of the immune system
|
It fights off invading microbes. Its role is to deal with any infectious microorganisms that enter the body.
|
|
|
give three ways that antibodies help to get rid of an infection
|
they recognize foreign microorganisms. They latch onto these microorganisms and do either:
1. mark it so other white blood cells can engulf and digest it. 2. bind to it and neutralize toxins. 3. attach to bacteria and kill them. |
|
|
explain why vaccines aren't risk free for everyone |
people react differently and have different side effects from vaccinations. Some side effects can be bad. This could be because of genetic differences.
|
|
|
what is an antimicrobial
|
chemicals that can kill or inhabit bacteria, fungi or viruses, but without seriously damaging any body cells.
|
|
|
explain why antibiotics should not be prescribed to somebody with flu
|
antibiotics are treatments that fight infections caused by bacteria and flu is caused by a virus. Taking antibiotics when they are not needed increases your risk of getting an infection later that may resist antibiotic treatment.
|
|
|
explain how a population of microorganisms can become resistant to antimicrobials
|
microorganisms can sometimes develop random mutations in their DNA, and this can lead to changes in the microorganisms characteristics. This sometimes means that this organism is less affected by the antimicrobial.
|
|
|
explain what a placebo is
|
A placebo is anything that seems to be a "real" medical treatment -- but isn't. It could be a pill, a shot, or some other type of "fake" treatment. What all placebos have in common is that they do not contain an active substance meant to affect health.
|
|
|
what is a double blind clinical trial
|
this is where even the scientists don't find out till the end of the experiment which patients got real ones and which one's got placebos. This is good because it means the scientist analyzing results aren't subconsciously influenced by their knowledge.
|
|
|
The heart is a double pump. Explain what this means.
|
It is two pumps combined in one- the right side pumps de-oxygentated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The left side pumps the oxygenated blood around the body.
|
|
|
How is the structure of an artery adapted to its function
|
strong, elastic walls to keep control of the blood passing through them at a high pressure
|
|
|
explain why a person's heart rate can be measured by taking their pulse rate
|
your pulse rate is the number of times an artery pulsates in one minute. The pulsation of an artery is caused by blood being pumped through it by a heart beat, so this is how you can work out your heart rate
|
|
|
what is homeostasis
|
It means maintaining a constant internal environment. It is all about balancing the inputs and outputs of your body. The automatic control systems, like your nervous and hormonal communication systems, are what regulate your internal environment.
|
|
|
give two ways that water is gained by the body
|
drinks and respiration
|
|
|
what factors can affect the concentration of urine produced by the kidneys
|
external temperature, exercise and intakes of fluids and salts.
|
|
|
which gland releases ADH
|
the pituitary gland
|
|
|
what effect does alcohol have on urine production
|
can result in larger amounts of more dilute urine
|
