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274 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four main food types? |
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Fibres |
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What do Carbohydrates do? |
Release energy |
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What do fats do |
Keep you warm and release energy |
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What do proteins do? |
Help growth, cell repair and cell replacement |
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Why do people's metabolic rate vary? |
Different muscle to fatty tissue Physical size Gender Genetic Factors Regular excersiseidn |
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If your diet is unbalanced, what are you? |
Malnourished. |
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What are the health risks of obesity? |
Arthritis Type 2 Diabetes High Blood Pressure Heart Disease |
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What are the two ways bacteria make you feel ill? |
Damaging your cells Producing Toxins |
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What is a pathogen? |
A microorganism that causes disease.
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What are the thee ways white blood cells defeat pathogens? |
Consuming them Producing antibodies Producing antitoxins |
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What is inside a vaccination |
A dead or inactive microorganism |
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What happens to white blood cells after vaccination? |
They produce memory cells So they can rapidly mass produce antibodies |
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What are the pros of vaccination? |
They control diseases Stop epidemics |
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What are the cons of vaccinations? |
Don't always work You can have a bad reaction
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Why can't painkillers cure diseases? |
They just relieve the symptoms. |
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Why is it difficult to develop virus cures? |
It's hard to develop them without killing your own body cells. |
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What are Microorganisms grown in? |
Agar |
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What is put into the agar jelly to make sure that they grow? |
Carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and Vitamins. |
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What temperature is the agar jelly that is poured into the Petri dishes ? |
Hot |
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What are used to transfer the Microorganisms to the culture medium? |
Inoculating Loops: |
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How do they know if the bacteria is resistant? |
Paper discs are soaked in different types of antibiotics The resistant strains will grow around them Non resistant strains will die |
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What equipment is sterilised |
Petri dishes Culture medium Inoculating loops |
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What do the dishes have to make sure their is no air contamination? |
Lids. |
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Why are cultures kept in higher temperatures in industrial conditions? |
Multiply Faster. |
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What is a stimulus? |
A change in the environment. |
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What is the problem with Viral mutation? |
It makes it hard to develop vaccines Different DNA changed change the antigens |
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What are receptors? |
A group of cells that are sensitive to a stimulus. |
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What is a skin receptor sensitive to? |
Touch Pressure Pain Temperature change |
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What are the two effectors? |
Muscles Glands |
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What do Glands to in response as a reflex? |
Secrete hormones. |
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What is the order of reflex? |
Stimuli Sensory Neurone Relay Neurone CNS Motor Neurone Effector |
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How do synapses work? |
The chemicals diffuse across the gap and set off a new electrical signal to the next neurone. |
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Where are hormones produced? |
Glands. |
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What is the definition of a Hormone? |
Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells. |
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What happens in Stage 1 of the Menstrual Cycle? |
Lining of Uterus breaks down. |
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What happens in stage 2 of the Menstrual Cycle? |
The uterus lining builds back up. |
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What happens in the third stage of the Menstrual Cycle? |
Egg is released. |
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What happens in the fourth stage of the menstrual cycle? |
The lining of the uterus is maintained. |
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How is Oestrogen used in fertility drugs? |
Contraception |
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What does the 'pill' contain? |
Oestrogen Progesterone |
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What Are the pros of the pill? |
99 percent effective Reduces cancer |
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What are the cons of the pill? |
Not 100 per cent effective. Causes side effects. Doesn't protect against STI'S |
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What hormones are injected to help increase fertility? |
FSH LH |
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What do shoots grow towards? |
Light |
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What do shoots grow away from? |
Gravity. |
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What do roots grow towards? |
Gravity. |
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What do roots grow towards? |
Moisture. |
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What four things do your body need to keep constant? |
Ion content Water content Blood sugar content Temperature |
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What four things do your body need to keep constant? |
Ion content Water content Blood sugar content Temperature |
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Where is ion content lost? |
Sweat Urine |
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What four things do your body need to keep constant? |
Ion content Water content Blood sugar content Temperature |
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Where is ion content lost? |
Sweat Urine |
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Where is the water lost? |
Sweat Breath Urine |
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What controls the Body Temperature? |
The brain |
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What four things do your body need to keep constant? |
Ion content Water content Blood sugar content Temperature |
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Where is ion content lost? |
Sweat Urine |
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Where is the water lost? |
Sweat Breath Urine |
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What controls the Body Temperature? |
The brain |
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What hormone maintains the right level of glucose? |
Insulin |
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Give two examples of performance enhancing drugs. |
Stimulants Anabolic steroids |
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What are the ethical problems against drugs? |
It's unfair if people gain an advantage Athletes may not be informed of the health risks |
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What are the ethical problems against drugs? |
It's unfair if people gain an advantage Athletes may not be informed of the health risks |
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What are the reasons for talking performance enhancing drugs? |
Athletes have the right to make their own decision Drug free sport isn't fair anyway |
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What are the ethical problems against drugs? |
It's unfair if people gain an advantage Athletes may not be informed of the health risks |
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What are the reasons for talking performance enhancing drugs? |
Athletes have the right to make their own decision Drug free sport isn't fair anyway |
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What are statins? |
Prescribed drugs to lower risk of heart disease |
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What are the ethical problems against drugs? |
It's unfair if people gain an advantage Athletes may not be informed of the health risks |
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What are the reasons for talking performance enhancing drugs? |
Athletes have the right to make their own decision Drug free sport isn't fair anyway |
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What are statins? |
Prescribed drugs to lower risk of heart disease |
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What does cannabis cause? |
Mental health problems |
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What are the ethical problems against drugs? |
It's unfair if people gain an advantage Athletes may not be informed of the health risks |
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What are the reasons for talking performance enhancing drugs? |
Athletes have the right to make their own decision Drug free sport isn't fair anyway |
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What are statins? |
Prescribed drugs to lower risk of heart disease |
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What does cannabis cause? |
Mental health problems |
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What are the three main stages of a drug trial? |
Testing on human cells Testing on live animals Clinical trial |
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What do drugs test for |
Dosage use Effectiveness of drug Side effects |
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What do drugs test for |
Dosage use Effectiveness of drug Side effects |
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What can smoking cause? |
Heart disease Lung disease Bronchitis |
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What do drugs test for |
Dosage use Effectiveness of drug Side effects |
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What can smoking cause? |
Heart disease Lung disease Bronchitis |
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How does alcohol affect the nervous system? |
Slows down bodies reactions Impaired judgment Poor coordination |
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What do drugs test for |
Dosage use Effectiveness of drug Side effects |
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What can smoking cause? |
Heart disease Lung disease Bronchitis |
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How does alcohol affect the nervous system? |
Slows down bodies reactions Impaired judgment Poor coordination |
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What can excessive drinking cause |
Liver disease Brain damage |
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What do plants compete for? |
Light Water Space Nutrients |
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What do plants compete for? |
Light Water Space Nutrients |
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What do animals compete for? |
Territory Food Water Mates |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
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Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
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Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
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Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
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Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
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Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
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What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
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|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
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Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
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What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
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What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
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What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
|
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Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
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What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
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What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
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Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
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When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
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How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
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Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
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What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
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Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
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What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
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What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
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How does asexual reproduction work? |
The cells split into half chromosomes and replicates itself Genetically identical to parents |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
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What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
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What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
|
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Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
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What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
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What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
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How does asexual reproduction work? |
The cells split into half chromosomes and replicates itself Genetically identical to parents |
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How do plant cuttings work? |
Cuttings from a plant produce genetically identical copies |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
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What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
|
What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
|
|
What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
|
|
Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
|
|
What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
|
|
What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
|
|
How does asexual reproduction work? |
The cells split into half chromosomes and replicates itself Genetically identical to parents |
|
|
How do plant cuttings work? |
Cuttings from a plant produce genetically identical copies |
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What are the advantages of cuttings? |
Quick + Cheap |
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What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
|
What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
|
What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
|
|
What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
|
|
Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
|
|
What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
|
|
What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
|
|
How does asexual reproduction work? |
The cells split into half chromosomes and replicates itself Genetically identical to parents |
|
|
How do plant cuttings work? |
Cuttings from a plant produce genetically identical copies |
|
|
What are the advantages of cuttings? |
Quick + Cheap |
|
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What is tissue culture? |
Plant cells are put into a Growth medium They grow into new plants |
|
|
What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
|
What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
|
What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
|
|
What living factors could result in a decrease or increase of animal species? |
Infectious diseases Change in predator number Change in number of prey Change in competitors |
|
|
Where are the chromosomes kept? |
In the nucleus |
|
|
What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes. |
|
|
What does sexual reproduction involve? |
When two gametes fuse and become a mixture of the two genes. |
|
|
How does asexual reproduction work? |
The cells split into half chromosomes and replicates itself Genetically identical to parents |
|
|
How do plant cuttings work? |
Cuttings from a plant produce genetically identical copies |
|
|
What are the advantages of cuttings? |
Quick + Cheap |
|
|
What is tissue culture? |
Plant cells are put into a Growth medium They grow into new plants |
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Describe what happens with an embryo transplant? |
Sperm cells are taken from a bull Egg cells from a prize cow Embryo split many times Cloned embryos implanted into many other cows |
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|
What non-living factors can affect the amount of animals in a species? |
Change in temperature Change in rainfall Change in pollution |
|
|
What monitors air pollution? Why? |
Lichen Sensitive to sulphur dioxide |
|
|
What monitor water pollution? Why? |
Mayfly Sensitive to dissolved oxygen in water |
|
|
Where does the energy from respiration go? |
Lost in surroundings |
|
|
When do Microorganisms work best? |
Warm Moist Plenty of oxygen |
|
|
How is decomposing a cycle? |
What is taken from the environment, goes back into the environment. |
|
|
Describe the carbon cycle. |
Photosynthesis Plants respire Animals eat plants They respire Plants and animals decompose Decomposes respire Combustion |
|
|
Why is their genetic variation? |
Because of sexual reproduction Chromosomes from each parent |
|
|
What are most characteristics based on? |
Genes and the environment |
|
|
What is adult cell cloning? |
Removing the nucleus from a body cell Insert into a egg cells nucleus space Electric shock Implanted into surrogate mother |
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What is adult cell cloning? |
Removing the nucleus from a body cell Insert into a egg cells nucleus space Electric shock Implanted into surrogate mother |
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What are the issues of cloning? |
Reduced gene pool Age-related disorders Not healthy |
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What is adult cell cloning? |
Removing the nucleus from a body cell Insert into a egg cells nucleus space Electric shock Implanted into surrogate mother |
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What are the issues of cloning? |
Reduced gene pool Age-related disorders Not healthy |
|
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What are the pros of cloning |
Preserve endangered species Get prize animals |
|
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What is adult cell cloning? |
Removing the nucleus from a body cell Insert into a egg cells nucleus space Electric shock Implanted into surrogate mother |
|
|
What are the issues of cloning? |
Reduced gene pool Age-related disorders Not healthy |
|
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What are the pros of cloning |
Preserve endangered species Get prize animals |
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What are the pros of GM crops? |
Increased yield Get nutrients that are lacked in diwt |
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|
What is adult cell cloning? |
Removing the nucleus from a body cell Insert into a egg cells nucleus space Electric shock Implanted into surrogate mother |
|
|
What are the issues of cloning? |
Reduced gene pool Age-related disorders Not healthy |
|
|
What are the pros of cloning |
Preserve endangered species Get prize animals |
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What are the pros of GM crops? |
Increased yield Get nutrients that are lacked in diwt |
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What are the cons of GM crops? |
Reducing biodiversity Genes may get transplanted into the natural environment Herbicide resistance |
