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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the factors that increase blood pressure: |
- being overweight - stress - high alcohol intake - smoking |
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Explain the difference between fitness and health |
Fitness (the ability to do physical activity) and health (free from disease) |
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How does cholesterol lead to high blood blood pressure? |
Cholesterol can restrict or block blood flow in arteries by forming plaques. |
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Explain how diet can increase the risk of heart disease |
- build up of cholesterol in arteries - high levels of salt elevating blood pressure |
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What are the 7 food groups in a balanced diet? |
Protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals (limited to iron), vitamins (limited to vitamin C), fibre, water |
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Explain why a high protein diet is necessary for teenagers |
Protein for growth |
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What problems can obesity lead to? |
Arthritis, heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer. |
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What is kwashiorkor? |
Protein deficiency in developing countries |
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How do you calculate the estimated average daily requirement (EAR) for protein using the formula: |
EAR in g = 0.6 ✖️body mass in kg |
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How do you calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) given the formula: BMI = mass in kg ➗ height in metres squared |
You do the sum then look the number up on the chart to decide if someone is obese or not. |
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What are the names of 'things' that a white blood cell produces to fight off infections? |
Antibodies |
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Describe how the human body is designed to defend against pathogens. |
Skin provides a barrier - blood clotting prevents entry of pathogens - pathogens are trapped by mucus in airways - hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills pathogens |
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How does a vaccination work? |
Give body a dead/weakened version of pathogen to trick the body into producing antibodies so that if the real pathogen comes into the body the body will know how to fight it. |
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Explain why new medical treatments/drugs are tested before use |
To check the don't damage the body or cause side effects or even death! |
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Name and locate the main parts of the eye: cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve and blind spot. |
You need to practise drawing a diagram for this: - cornea = refracts light - iris = controls how much light enters pupil - lens = focuses light on to retina - retina = contains light receptors, some sensitive to light of different colours - optic nerve = carries impulses to the brain |
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Explain the advantages and disadvantages of monocular vision (one eye) and binocular vision (two eyes) |
Monocular vision: wider field of view but poorer judgment of distance. Binocular vision: narrower field of view but better judgement of distance. |
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Name and locate the main parts of the nervous system |
- the central nervous system (CNS) (brain and spinal cord) |
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Describe a reflex arc: |
Stimulus --> Receptor --> Sensory Neurone --> Central Nervous System --> Motor Neurone --> Effector --> Response |
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Describe the general effects of each drug category: Depressants, pain killers, stimulants, performance enhancers, hallucinogens |
- depressants: slow down brain's activity - pain killers: block nerve impulses - stimulants: increase brain's activity - performance enhancers: muscle development - hallucinogens: distort what is seen and heard |
