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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why blood in arteries is under pressure? |
Heart contracts =blood under pressure and sent to arteries |
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Why is the blood in the arteries under pressure? |
So blood reaches all parts if the body supplying cells glucose and oxygen=respiration |
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Blood pressure measured in? |
systolic (first no.)+ diastolic (second no.) |
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What Increases blood pressure? |
Excess weight = circulatory system works harder to pump blood around body stress Alcohol Diet high saturated fat= Cholesterol=plaque = block blood flow= heart attack sugar salt-raise blood pressure Smoking - carbon monoxide = reduce oxygen in blood=increase heart rate+ blood pressure + nicotine increase heart rate |
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Disadvantage of high blood pressure ? |
Blood vessels weaken = burst = stroke/brain damage =Kidney=kidney damage |
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What decreases blood pressure? |
Regular exercise Balanced diet |
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Disadvantage of low blood pressure? |
Less glucose + oxygen = dizziness Fainting Cold feet Kidney failure |
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Fitness? |
Ability to undertake physical activity |
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Healthy? |
Free from infections and diseases |
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Different way of measuring fitness? |
Strength Stamina Flexibility Agility Speed |
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What's cardiovascular efficiency? |
How well heart copes with aerobic exercise + how quickly it recovers afterwards |
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why carbon monoxide reduces carrying capacity of red blood cells? |
Carbon monoxide take the place of oxygen in the haemoglobin so the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is greatly reduced |
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What block arteries and cause heart attack? |
High fat diet High cholesterol Narrowed coronary arteries Thrombosis |
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Why a balanced diet needs: protein Carbohydrate Minerals Vitamins Fibre water |
protein- amino acid Carbohydrates - glucose Iron - to make haemoglobin in red blood cellsVitamins c -prevent scurvyFibres - prevent constipation + healthy bowelswater - prevent dehydration + help remove waste |
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What's carbohydrates made up of? |
Glucose |
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What is fat made up of? |
Fatty acids and glycerol |
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Where are carbohydrates stored? |
Liver as glycogen or converted into fats |
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Where is fat stored? |
Under skin and around organs |
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What and why do balanced diets depend on? |
Beliefs - animal warfare Religious belief - pig and meat Medical issue's - food allergies Age - older = more calories Younger = less calories Sex - male more calories Activity - physical job (calories) |
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Why kwashiorkor (protein deficiency) common in developing countries? |
Over population + limited investment in agriculture |
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What first class protein? |
Animal proteins which has amino acids which can't be made by the body |
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What's second protein? |
Plant protein |
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Why high protein is needed for teenagers? |
protein = nutrients to grow |
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Why in developing countries ppm get less protein? |
Have less food to eat |
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What energy source is used when fats/carbohydrates are unavailable? |
Proteins |
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What EAR varies for? |
Age, pregnancy and lactation |
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What health risk are caused by obesity? |
Arthritis, heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer |
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What leads to poor diet? |
Low self esteem, poor self image and desire for perfection |
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What are infections caused by? |
Pathogens |
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What's a parasite and host? |
Host - where the vector lives Parasite - organisms that live off another organisms |
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What are these cause by? |
Athletes foot - fungi Flu - virus Cholera - bacteria Malaria - Protozoa |
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How malaria vectors spread diseases? |
Mosquito sucks blood from the human host |
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How human body defends against pathogens? |
Skin = barrier Blood clotting = prevents entry.of pathogens Mucus= traps pathogen Hydrochloric acid in stomach kills pathogen |
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Lifestyle changes that reduce risk of some cancers? |
Don't smoke Don't drink Avoid sunburn Ear healthy diet |
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Whats benign tumor |
Grows in one place |
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What's a Malignant tumor |
When it grows to other parts of body |
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What's an infectious and non infectious disease? |
Infections spread from one person to another (catch) Non infectious no pathogen is involved can't be passed on |
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What's immunisation? |
Protection form certain pathogens |
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How do pathogens cause symptoms of an infectious disease? |
Cell damage and production of toxins |
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Pathogens and antigens |
Every pathogen has its own antigen so specific antibody is needed |
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How pathogens that enter body is destroyed by immune system? |
Pathogen engulfed by white blood cell and destroyed by anitbodies |
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What do antibodies do? |
Lock onto antigens leading to the death of the pathogens |
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Process of immunisation |
Harmless pathogen given which carries antigen Antigens trigger immune response by white blood cells which produce antibodies Memory cells produced |
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What's passive immunity? |
Receive anitbodies |
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What's active immunity? |
Make own antibodies |
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Benefits and risks of immunisation |
Benefit Protects against pathogens that can kill or cause disability Disease can't spread Risk Bad reaction Not 100% safe |
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Whats antibiotics? |
Kills bacteria and fungi |
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What's antiviral drugs |
Treats diseases caused by viruses only |
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Why you should be careful of the use of antibiotics |
MRSA bacteria is resistant to most antibiotics = dangerous |
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Why rare drugs tested before used? |
To make sure it's effective and safe |
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How treatment are tested on Animals Human tissue Computer models |
Animals - how living organisms effectedHuman tissue - how human cells effectedComputer models - predict how cells are effected and know info and works of similar drugs |
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Problems of these testings AnimalsHuman tissue |
Animals - animal crueltyHuman tissue - unnatural and wrong |
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How animals detect changes in their environment? |
Receptors which generate nerve impulses |
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Function of Cornea Lens Lens Retina Optic nerve |
Function of Cornea - refracts light Lens - controls how much light enters pupil Lens - focuses light on the retina Retina - has light receptors sensitive to light of different coloursOptic nerve - carries impulses to the nerve |