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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Drug Abuse?
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The nonmedical use of a drug in a way that deviates from the norms of medicine and society within a culture.
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What drug use has been deemed abuse by our society?
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Use of psychoactive drugs (not laxatives)
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What are 5 patterns of drug abuse?
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ERICA
-Experimental -Recreational -Intensive -Circumstantial -Addiction/compulsive |
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What are Experimental, Recreational, and Circumstantial drug use?
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Experimental = curiosity
Recreational = for fun and pleasure, moderate use Circumstantial = to help function in certain situations |
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What is Intensive drug use?
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Increased frequency and amount of drug used, but still can take it or leave it
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What is Compulsive drug abuse?
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Addiction
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Why is Addiction bad?
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It is detrimental to both society and the individual
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What happens to the drug addict's response to drug with repeated use?
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Tolerance develops so the response is decreased.
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What are 3 types of tolerance?
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-Dispositional
-Pharmacodynamic -Behavioral |
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What is Dispositional drug tolerance?
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Pharmacokinetic tolerance due to the drug's inducing its own metabolism
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What is Pharmacodynamic tolerance?
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A change in the target organ sensitivity to the drug
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What is Behavioral tolerance?
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A change in response due to behavioral mechanisms - ie you have to change your behavior after 3martini lunch
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What is Drug DEPENDENCE?
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Depends on whether your talking physical or psychological
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What is Physical drug dependence?
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The evidence of physical symptoms when drug is withdrawn
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What is Psychological dependence?
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A compulsive feeling of the need to take a particular drug
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What drug will animals self-administer?
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Cocaine
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What are 2 drugs that animals WONT self-administer?
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-Hallucinogens
-Cannabinoids |
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What is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US?
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Marijuana
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What has happened to Marijuana overall use?
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-OVerall use has declined but
-Increased in nonwhites |
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What age/sex uses marijuana more?
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Boys under 18
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What plant is Marijuana derived from?
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Cannabis (sativa)
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What is the main active ingredient in Cannabis?
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delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol
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What determines the potency of a sample of marijuana?
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The amt of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the sample
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Is delta9-THC the only thing in cannabis?
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No - there are many compounds in the plant
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What is delta8-THC? How does it compare to delta9-THC?
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A cannabinoid compound not found in the living plant, only in aged. Has same effects though.
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What is Cannabidiol?
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A THC precursor
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How does Cannabidiol compare to delta9-THC?
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It does not produce the same effects
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What is Cannabinol?
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Metabolite of THC
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What happens to Marijuana when it is ingested orally?
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It is rapidly metabolized by the liver to a HIGHLY ACTIVE compound
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What can inactive marijuana metabolites be detected in?
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Feces
Urine for many days |
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What happens to marijuana when it is smoked?
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Delta9-THC directly gets into the brain (no metabolism)
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How fast is the onset of action of d9THC when smoked? Oral?
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Smoked = 15-30 SECONDS
Orally = 30 minutes |
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How much more potent is smoked marijuana than ingested?
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3-5X more potent smoked
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What happens to smoked marijuana after it gets to the brain?
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Metabolism and redistribution to fat; then slowly leaves the body.
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What is the duration of action of marijuana?
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1-6 hrs
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What is the plasma half-life of marijuana?
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20-50 hours
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How much marijuana is detectable in the body after
-5 days -30 days |
5 days = 20% remains
30 days = not detectable |
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What is the delta9-THC receptor?
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CB1 receptor
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How many cannabinoid receptors are there?
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2 - CB1 and CB2
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Where are the cannabinoid receptors found?
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CB1 = Cerebellum, Hippocampus, Basal Ganglia
CB2 = Peripheral |
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What is the mechanism of the CB1 receptors?
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GPCR - Gi decreases cAMP
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What is the result of delta9-THC activating the CB1 receptor?
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Psychoactive effects
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What determines psychoactive potency of a cb1 agonist?
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Affinity for receptor
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What is the endogenous ligand for the CB1 receptor?
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Anandamide
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What are 7 effects of Marijuana?
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MEPCPRP
-memory impairment -euphoria -pulmonary -Psychopathological -CV -Perceptual-motor impairment -Reproductive |
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What are 3 CV effects of marijuana?
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-Tachycardia
-Orthostatic hypotension -Exacerbates angina |
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What are 2 respiratory effects of marijuana?
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-Irritant
-Bronchodilation |
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What does marijuana do to male reproduction?
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-Lowers testosterone
-Reduces sperm counts |
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What does marijuana do to reproductive hormones?
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-Lowers LHrH
-Lowers LH/FSH |
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What does marijuana do to female reproduction?
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-Decreases prolactin secretion
-Increases abnormal menstrual cycles |
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So who is marijuana hazardous to?
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Marginally fertile
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What are 3 psychopathological effects of marijuana?
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-Anxiety (acute)
-Transient Paranoia -Exacerbation of schizophrenia |
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What is a CB1 antagonist and what is it on trial for treating?
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Rimonabant - weightloss
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What is used in Canada for MS pain treatment?
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Sativex - cannabidiol mix
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What are 2 other clinical uses of marijuana?
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-Treat/control nausea
-AIDS wasting syndrome (give them the munchies) |
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Does tolerance and dependence occur with chronic Marijuana use?
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Yes
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