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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 2 anticholinergic / parasympatholytics.
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Atropine and glycopyrolate
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How does atropine work?
What are the major effects of atropine? |
It's a muscarinic antagonist that inhibits acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic sites.
LOW dose - inhibits salivation, bronchial secretions, sweating. MODERATE dose - dilates and inhibits accomodation of the pupil, increases HR; crosses BBB HIGH dose - decreases GI and urinary tract motility. |
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Should atropine be used in horses?
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May cause ileus in horses.
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What other indications are there (aside from anesthetic premed) for atropine?
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Antiemetic
Mydriatic Organophosphate toxicity |
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Compare atropine and glycopyrrolate.
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Atropine - good for emergency b/c works fast but only lasts 2-3 hours.
Glycopyrrolate - 2-4x more potent, duration of action is 4-6 hours, prevents bradycardia w/o causing tachycardia, does not penetrate the BBB (poor lipid solubility) |
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What classes of drugs are commonly used as tranquilizers for premedication?
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1) Phenothiazines - e.g. Acepromazine
2) Diazepam - benzodiazepine derivative 3) Opioids 4) alpha 2 agonists |
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Name side effects of acepromazine.
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Vasodilation
Hypotension Decreased seizure threshold Inhibition of platelet aggregation Penile paralysis in stallions Increased HR No analgesia |
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Can diazepam be used alone as a tranquilizer?
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No, it can only decrease the amount of other induction drugs necessary.
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What is diazepam's mechanism of action?
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Centrally acting muscle relaxant (like Guafenesin)
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Effects of diazepam?
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Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant
Appetite stimulant in cats May cause aggression in healthy cats d/t inhibition of learned behavior. |
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What agent reverses diazepam?
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Flumazenil
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Effects of opioids?
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Analgesia
Euphoria Antitussive Anti-diarrheal Also causes hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression |
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List opioids in order of potency
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Morphine < oxy (10x) < fentanyl (100x)
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