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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Location of epaxial muscles and enervation |
Muscles above the spine Dorsal spinal nerves |
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Location of hypaxial muscles and enervation
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Muscles below spine
Ventral spinal nerves |
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Illiocostalis origin, insertion and action |
origin: illeum insertion: cranial transverse processes -lumbar and thoracic muscles only - bends spine left and right Most distal muscle group |
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Longissimus origin, insertion and action |
Origin: illeum, sacrum, mamillary processes of vertebral bodies Insertion: transverse processes and ribs -made of 3 discrete columns - bends spine left and right
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Transversospinalis |
Most medial and and most complex Lies between medial vertebral arch and spinous processes |
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List the epaxial muscles and what they do from laterally to medially
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Illiocostalis, longissimus, transversospinalis
vertebral column extensors |
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What is the splenius muscle? |
It is the opposing muscle to part of the longisimuss and and originates on the withers and inserts on the skull |
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What is the scelenus muscle? |
Located below serratus ventralis, looks like a stairway, helps move neck and stabilize ribs during inspiration Hypaxial muscle |
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What is the rectus thoracis muscle? |
By the forelimb and attaches to the rib. Part of the abdominal wall muscle system and is on the lateral surface of the thoracic wall. |
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Serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle |
Comes from cervical fascia on the back and attaches to ribs. Muscle slopes caudal ventral |
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Serratus dorsalis caudalis muscle |
Froms from cervical fascia on lumbar vertebrae and attaches to ribs. Muscle slopes cranial ventral. |
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Layers in the intercostal muscles: |
External intercostals, internal supercostals, subcostals
These all assist inspiration |
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Where is the transversus thorasis and what does it do? |
Arises from and covers the dorsal part of the sternum. Plays a role in respiratory effort. |
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What direction do external intercostal muscles run? |
Caudoventrally Go from one rib and terminate on the next one The most dorsal of the intercostals |
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What direction do the internal intercostals run? |
Cranioventrally More ventral that external intercostals |
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Are subcostals important? |
No because they are weak and inconsistently developed |
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What are the muscular parts of the diaphragm? |
lumbar, costal, sternal |
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What muscle is the most important in respiration? |
the diaphragm |
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Where does the diaphragmatic central tendon sit in a neutral position? |
lower level of 6th rib, just behind olecranon. |
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What is the lumbar portion of the diaphragm divided into? |
Right crus which is larger and subdivided into 3 branches, and the undivided left crus. |
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What does the intercostal sternalis do? |
moves the rib cage out and sternum down in birds (extends joint between ribs) Used in inspiration |
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What does the internal intercostal do in birds? |
Moves the ribcage upwards causing the bellows effect. Used in expiration. |
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What is important about how birds breath when handling them? |
Ribcage needs to expand to breath so can't hold them too tight. |
