Awc Psych Test 4

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4 Techniques of Psychoanalysis

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Free Association-saying whatever comes to mind without worrying whether ideas are painful, embarrassing or illogical-Therapist letting the patient talk without censorship.

Dream Analysis-"Royal road to the unconscious"-helps the patients work past the obvious, visible meaning of the dream to uncover hidden symbolic meaning and analyze dream symbols.-A man who pulls out a gun in front of his wife, fires the gun multiple times and fails to shoot the gun. In return wife laughs at him which could be interpreted as sexual impotence with the gun representing his penis.

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4 Techniques of Psychoanalysis

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Analysis of Resistance-resistance, or blockages in the flow of ideas which reveal a particularly important unconscious conflict-asking a patient about something specific and they avoid the question by talking about some other topic not related to what asked before.

Analysis of Transference-tendency to transfer feelings to therapist similar to those the patient had for important persons in his/her past-if you have anger against your mother you are more likely to transfer that anger to another female. V talked about woman who lost husband in a car accident and was upset that he or she never said goodbye-therapist played the part of the male and basically had a fight with her so she could have closure.

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3 Types of Somatic Therapy

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Pharmacotherapy: The use of drugs to treat psychopathology-The use of antidepressants, such as Prozac, to help combat severe depression.

Electrical stimulation therapy: Electrical stimulation therapies achieve their effects by altering the electrical activity of the brain. A person with sever depression or suicidal behavior can have those behavior suppressed with the aid of electroshock-"One flew over the cuckoo's nest".

Psychosurgery: Any surgical alteration of the brain like a lobotomy-the movie "One Flew over the cuckoo's nest".

Front 4

6 Principles of Operant Therapy

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Positive Reinforcement: Responses that are followed by reinforcement tend to occur more frequently-if a child whines and gets attention they will whine more.

Non-reinforcement and Extinction: A response that is not followed by reinforcement will occur less frequently. If a response is not followed by reward after it has been repeated many times, it will extinguish entirely-after winning 3 times in the slot machine, you pull the handle 30 times more and don't win so you finally leave.

Punishment: If a response is followed by discomfort or an undesirable effect, the response will be suppressed-Spanking a child for throwing a temper tantrum.

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6 Principles of Operant Therapy

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Shaping: Means reinforcing actions that are closer and closer approximations to the desired response-Teaching an intellectually disabled kid to say the word "ball" by reinforcing the child for saying anything that starts with the letter "b".

Stimulus Control: Responses tend to come under the control of the situation in which they occur-If you set your clock 10 minutes fast, it may be easier to leave the house on time in the morning. Your departure is under the stimulus of the clock, even though you know it’s fast.

Time Out: Usually involves removing the individual from a situation in which reinforcement occurs-two children who are fighting are sent to separate rooms and are only able to come out once they are calm.

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3 Strategies of Compliance

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Foot-in-the-door: A person who first agrees to a small request is later more likely to be consistent to comply with a larger demand- a neighbor asks you to babysit her two children for an hour or two. Once you agree to the smaller request, she then asks if you can just babysit the kids for the rest of the day and you feel obligated to do so.

Door-in-the-face: Tendency for a person who has refused a major request to agree to a smaller request-neighbor goes on vacation and asks you to take care of the plants and lawn however you cannot-he then comes back later to ask you to get the mail for him and you would be more likely to agree as it is a smaller favor.

Low ball technique: Consists of getting a person committed to act and then making the terms of acting less desirable-someone asks for a ride to school in the morning, only after you have agreed to give them a ride they mention they have to be at school at 5:30 AM.

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3 Components of Sternberg's Triangular

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Intimacy-refers to the feelings of connectedness and affection-at the beginning of the relationship you want to do everything and go everywhere with that person.

Passion-refers to deep emotional and/or sexual feelings-having intense sex

Commitment-involves the determination to stay in a long term relationship with another person-Mutual feelings between both members of the relationship to stay with each other for as long as they can.

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Psychotherapy

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Psychological technique that can bring about positive changes in personality, behavior or personal adjustment.

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Psychoanalysis

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Freudian therapy that emphasizes the use of free association, dream interpretation, resistances and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts.

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Spontaneous Remission

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Improvement due to the mere passage of time

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Unconditional Positive Regard

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An unqualified, unshakable acceptance of another person

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Empathy

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A capacity for taking another person's point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling.

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Authentic

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Genuine and honest

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Aversion Therapy

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Individual learns to associate a strong aversion to an undesirable habit-averting a bad habit for one that is good.

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Reciprocal Inhibition

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Using one emotional state to block another

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Systematic Desensitization

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Guided reduction in fear, anxiety or aversion

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Social Roles

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Patterns of behavior expected of persons in various social positions

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Norms

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Widely accepted-but often unspoken-standards of appropriate behavior

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Attitude

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Learned tendency to respond to people,m object or institutions in a positive or negative way.

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Persuasion

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Any deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs through information and arguments

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Personal Space

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An area surrounding the body that is regarded as private and subject to personal control

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Proxemics

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Systemic study of the human use of space, particularly in social settings

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Conformity

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Bringing one's behavior into agreement or harmony with norms or with the behavior of others in a group.

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Compliance

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Refers to situations in which one person bends to the requests of another person who has little or no authority

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Obedience

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Conformity to the demands of an authority

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Coercion

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Being forced to change one's beliefs or behavior against their will

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Brainwashing

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Forced attitude change, requires a captive audience

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Reciprocity

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Reciprocal (a return) exchange of feelings, thoughts or things between people.

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Self-disclosure

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Sharing private thoughts and feelings, revealing oneself to others. A process of communication through which one person reveals himself or herself to another.

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Social-exchange

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Transfers of attention, information, affection, favors and the like between two people

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Theory of love

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According to Robert Sternberg, different forms of love arise from different combinations of three basic components-intimacy, passion and commitment.

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Bystander Apathy

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The unwillingness of bystanders to offer help during emergencies or to become involved in others problems.

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Prejudice

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Negative emotional attitude held toward members of a specific social group

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Discrimination

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Unequal treatment of people who should have the same rights as others

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Stereotype

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A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

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Unanimity

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In complete or absolute agreement

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Similarity

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Showing resemblance in qualities, characteristics, or appearance; alike but not identical.