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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHat is the definition of Attention? What has been suggested by W. James and Harold Pashler in a nut shell? |
There are no consensus regarding the definition of attention. W. James: It is the withdrawal of certain things to attend to specific ones : opposite of distraction H. Pashler: There is no definition |
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If you look at attention as one of many states, can you describe the possible states that you can be in ? |
Awake: including inattentive, attentive or automatic (reflex) Asleep: sleep stages |
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What is the flanker tests? |
In this tests, a directional response (usually left or right) is assigned to a central target . The target is flanked by non-target stimuli which correspond either to the same directional response, the opposit or neither |
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What is the Posner cuing test? |
Test where subject fixate a center point of a screen. From each side there is a box where a cue is presented then a brief delay and afterwards a target stimulus appear where the patient has to react as fast as possible. |
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what is the attention network test ? |
It is a task designed to test three attentional networks in children and adults: alerting ( through changes in reaction time resulting form a que), orienting (through changes in reaction time following directional que), and executive control (by making subject determine the direction where target is). |
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What is the Stroop task ? |
A task where subject has to name the colour by which a word is written. The word will spell out a different colour hence the confusion. |
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in a flanker test, what is a congruent flanker? |
Where the non target stimuli are in the same direction as the target stimuli. |
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in a flanker test, what is a incongruent flanker ? |
Where the non target stimuli is not in the same direction as the stimuli |
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What is voluntary control of attention? |
It is a goal-driven attention where it is slow to engage but is long lasting when initiated. |
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If you gradually increase the delay between the cue and the target stimulus in the Posner cuing task, what will you see? |
you will see a correlated decrease in reaction time up until a certain point where the advantage is diminished (1000 ms) |
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What is involuntary or automatic attention? |
It is a stimulus-driven form of attention where it is quick to engage but is not sustained. |
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In the version of the Posner cuing task where the cue is only correct 25% of the time, what is the effect on performance as you increase the delay between the cue and the target stimulus? |
At first the que will fascilitate reaction but as time delay increases, the que will distract the subject and hence a slower reaction time will occur the longer the delay. ( fascilitation followed by inhibition) |
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According to Corbetta, voluntary attention corresponds to what circuit ? What is its mode of control? |
The Dorsolateral frontoparietal network ( Top down); bilateral Intra parietal and bilateral superior frontal corteces and the visual cortex are included |
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According to Corbetta, involuntary attention correspond to what circuit? What is its mode of control? What is perculiar about this network? |
The Ventrolateral fronto parietal network, ( stimulus driven). The network is lateralized on the right side. |
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When comparing attention to inattention what can one notice? |
The brain region that are active while attentive seems to be opposite to brain regions that are active when inattentive. Seems to work as a balance. |
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Attention involves many cognitive processes, can you name a few? |
Sensory processing Action/motor control Gates awareness Memory Social communication |
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WHat are the main properties of attention? |
It is Selective It is Limited in capacity it influences perception and higher order cognition. |
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What are the various stages of information processing? At what stage would there be an attentional gate? |
Stimuli- registration- perceptual analysis ( early attentional filter)-semantic analysis (late attentional filter)- response |
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What is the cocktail party effect? |
Refers to the fact that you may hear multiple conversations but you will only listen to one unless there is a word with a hedonic value; that word will come to your attention despite not listening to the conversation. |
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In terms of capacity, how does attention seem to work? |
It seems to work as a single pool where only a finite amount can be attended at a given level at the same time. |
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What were the results of the multitask experiment where subjects were ask to either read or copy or do both at the same time? |
There was a diminished performance when doing both tasks at the same time. |
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You observe a child that can both talk to his friend while solving a puzzle. What does it tell you regarding his processing of attention? |
His attention must be processed in parallel. |
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What was Sana's experiment? |
They assessed the effects of memory of students in a class of students who have a laptop and others that doesn't. Laptop users were strategically placed in front of non laptop users |
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WHat were the results of Sana's experiment?
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Laptop users who were multitasking performed poorer than non lap top users seeing laptop users multitasking who performed poorer than non multitasking laptop users who performed poorer than non laptop non multitasking students regarding memory. |
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What do we don't know about attention? |
Almost everything of it. ( little documentation on the phenomenon) |
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What are the two most common syndroms with defficits in attention? |
Hemi spatial neglect Balint syndrom |
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What is hemispatial neglect? |
A neuropsychological syndrom that results from a unilateral damage to the parietal lobe may be seen with damage to right or left hemisphere ( not so true but okay) |
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What are the characteristics of hemispatial neglect paients? |
Neglect in contralesional side Much more severe in right hemisphere occurs accros modalities No visual impairment |
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What are examples of tests you can do to assess hemispatial neglect? |
Line cancellation Line bisection Object drawing |
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When we talk of extinction, what dowe mean ( concerning attention?)In what condition can you have extinction ? |
Extinction referes to the fact that the stimuli of the contralateral side of a lesion will be ignored only if there is a competing stimuli in the other visual field. This can be seen in hemispatial neglect. |
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What are three theoretical accounts of spatial neglect? |
Sensory deficit: Patient do not respond to stimuli in the neglected side. Motor deficit: Problem initiating action to ignored side Representational deficit: Neglect affect mental representations. |
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Damage causing hemispatial neglect overlap with what? |
Structures mediating attention. |
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WHat damage causes balint syndrom? |
Bilateral damage to the parietal lobes |
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What are the parietal lobes typically invovled with? |
- integrates spatial and sensory information using visual and somatosensory stimulus integration. |
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What are the three main symptoms of Balint syndrom? |
Simulatgnosia Optic ataxia Optic apraxia |
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What is simultanosia? |
Inability to perceive multiple objects at the same time |
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What is optic apraxia? |
Severe problem in voluntary eye movement |
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What is optic ataxia? |
Problems in controlling eye motor movement. |
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What is the typical profile of a patient having balint syndrom? |
Patient will not have a reliable experience of space, will focus at one thing at a time, will not be able to locate objects that they see and will not be able to evaluate the direction at which an object is moving ( towards or away?) |
